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Zhang J, Mohd Said F, Daud NFS, Jing Z. Present status and application prospects of green chitin nanowhiskers: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134235. [PMID: 39079565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Petrochemical resources are non-renewable, which has impeded the development of synthetic polymers. The poor degradability of synthetic polymers poses substantial environmental pressure. Additionally, the high cost of synthetic biopolymers with excellent degradation performance limits their widespread application. Thus, it is crucial to seek green, sustainable, low-cost polymers as alternatives to petrochemical-based synthetic polymers and synthetic biopolymers. Chitin is a natural and renewable biopolymer discovered in crustacean shells, insect exoskeletons, and fungal cell walls. Chitin chains consist of crystalline and amorphous regions. Note that various treatments can be employed to remove the amorphous region, enhancing the crystallinity of chitin. Chitin nanowhiskers are a high crystallinity nanoscale chitin product with a high aspect ratio, a large surface area, adjustable surface morphology, and biocompatibility. They discover widespread applications in biomedicine, environmental treatment, food packaging, and biomaterials. Various methods can be utilized for preparing chitin nanowhiskers, including chemical, ionic liquids, deacetylation, and mechanical methods. However, developing an environmentally friendly preparation process remains a big challenge for expanding their applications in different materials and large-scale production. This article comprehensively analyzes chitin nanowhiskers' preparation strategies and their drawbacks. It also highlights the extensive application in different materials and various fields, besides the potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zhanxin Jing
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Hu Z, Wang P, Shang J, Zhang L, Zhou J, Ren L. Preparation of zwitterionically charged chitin nanofibers through one step chemical modification and their application for antireflective coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133337. [PMID: 38908624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers are widely used in many fields because of their biocompatibility, renewability and excellent mechanical properties. Herein, zwitterionically charged chitin nanofibers (ZC-ChNFs) were prepared from chitin via one step chemical modification (oxalic acid pretreatment) and subsequent ultrasound treatment. Effects of pretreatment time on size of the ZC-ChNFs and pH of ZC-ChNF suspensions on the thickness, porosity, refractive index and antireflective capacity of ZC-ChNF coatings were investigated. It was found that, by adjusting pH of the ZC-ChNF suspension, porosity and refractive index of the ZC-ChNF coatings could be controlled. The ZC-ChNF coatings fabricated with smaller ZC-ChNFs had higher antireflective performance and the transmittance gain of a glass with a ZC-ChNF coating was about 3.5 % at a wavelength of 550 nm compared to the bare glass. The results of this work provide a promising pathway to fabricate antireflective coating with ZC-ChNFs just by controlling the pH of ZC-ChNF suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peizhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiaqi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Lili Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.
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Lv J, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Oh DH, Fu X. Chitin nanofibers prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis: Characterization and application for Pickering emulsions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127662. [PMID: 37884229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) have a wide range of applications in numerous fields owing to their exceptional material properties and biological functionality. This research focused on producing ChNFs with diameters of 20-70 nm using chitinase and ultrasound from crayfish shells. The impact of enzymatic duration on ChNF yield and performance was investigated. Results revealed ChNFs forming a high aspect ratio network structure. Chitinase hydrolysis enhanced ChNF dispersion and yield while improving crystallinity and thermal stability without significantly altering their chemical structure. Enzymatically modified ChNF suspensions also exhibited stable rheological properties. Moreover, ChNFs showed good emulsification and emulsion stability in Pickering emulsion. The mechanism may be the effective adsorption of ChNFs at the oil-water interface, and the formation of a ChNF network in the continuous phase that prevents droplet coalescence. This study highlights that the potential of chitinase and ultrasound for the production of ChNFs and the utilization of crayfish shell waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiran Lv
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Xing Fu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Ben Ayed E, Ghorbel N, Kallel A, Putaux JL, Boufi S. Polyaniline-Grafted Chitin Nanocrystals as Conductive Reinforcing Nanofillers for Waterborne Polymer Dispersions. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4167-4178. [PMID: 36082444 PMCID: PMC9554912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Due to its intrinsic electrical conductivity, polyaniline
(PANI)
is one of the most promising conducting polymers for high-performance
applications in a wide range of technological fields. However, its
poor dispersibility in water and organic solvents markedly imparts
its processability and electrical conductivity. Herein, we report
a green and one-step approach to preparing stable colloidal dispersions
of highly dispersible hybrid nanoparticles by polymerizing PANI onto
chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) as biotemplates, via initiation through
the surface amino groups of ChNCs. Evidence of the grafting of PANI
onto ChNCs was supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
as well as Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies.
Nanocomposite films were prepared by mixing the PANI-g-ChNCs with a waterborne poly(vinyl acetate) latex dispersion followed
by casting and film formation at room temperature. The mechanical
properties were tested as a function of the PANI-g-ChNC content. In addition, it was shown that at a proper content
of PANI in ChNCs, and over a critical loading in the PANI-g-ChNCs, a conductive film was obtained, without sacrificing
the reinforcing effect of the rodlike nanofiller. As a potential application,
conductive waterborne adhesives for wood were prepared and the performance
of the adhesives was tested. This research provides a facile route
to fabricating a new class of hybrid nanofiller from a biobased origin,
stable in water and easy to mix with waterborne dispersions, combining
the merits of the ChNC nanofiller with the conductivity of PANI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Ben Ayed
- LSME, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Ghorbel
- LaMaCoP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Kallel
- LaMaCoP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Boufi
- LSME, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, BP 1171, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Polysaccharides-based nanofibrils: From tissue engineering to biosensor applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Optimization of Chitin Nanofiber Preparation by Ball Milling as Filler for Composite Resin. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6070197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanofiber is a nanomaterial produced by pulverizing chitin, the main component of crab shells. Since it has excellent mechanical properties, it is expected to be used as a reinforcing material to strengthen materials. Chitin was mechanically ground in water using a ball mill to prepare nanofibers. The ball size, total ball weight, and milling time were varied, and the resulting water dispersion and the cast film were analyzed to optimize the conditions for efficient preparation. The length and width of the nanofibers were also measured by SEM and AFM observations. The size of the balls affected the level of grinding and the intensity of impact energy on the chitin. The most efficient crushing was achieved when the diameter was 1 mm. The total ball weight directly affects the milling frequency, and milling proceeds as the total weight increases. However, if too many balls occupy the container, the grinding efficiency decreases. Therefore, a total ball weight of 300 g was optimal. Regarding the milling time, the chitin becomes finer depending on the increase of that time. However, after a specific time, the shape did not change much. Therefore, a milling time of approximately 150 min was appropriate.
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