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Puente-Córdova JG, Rentería-Baltiérrez FY, López-Walle B, Aguilar-Garib JA. Dielectric and Viscoelastic Behavior of Polyvinyl Butyral Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4725. [PMID: 38139976 PMCID: PMC10746999 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric and thermal properties of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) were studied in this work, using dynamic electrical analysis (DEA) at frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures from 293 K to 473 K. Two electrical relaxation processes were investigated: glass transition and interfacial polarization. Above the glass transition temperature (~343 K), interfacial polarization dominates conductive behavior in polyvinyl butyral. The framework of the complex electric modulus was used to obtain information about interfacial polarization. The viscoelastic behavior was analyzed through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), where only the mechanical manifestation of the glass transition is observed. The experimental results from dielectric measurements were analyzed with fractional calculus, using a fractional Debye model with one cap-resistor. We were successful in applying the complex electric modulus because we had a good correlation between data and theoretical predictions. The fractional order derivative is an indicator of the energy dissipated in terms of molecular mobility, and the calculated values close to 1 suggest a conductive behavior at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of PVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús G. Puente-Córdova
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Flor Y. Rentería-Baltiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz López-Walle
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Juan A. Aguilar-Garib
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
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Luan W, Sun L, Zeng Z, Xue W. Optimization of a polyvinyl butyral synthesis process based on response surface methodology and artificial neural network. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7682-7693. [PMID: 36908537 PMCID: PMC9993126 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality polyvinyl butyral (PVB) can be used as the intermediate film of automobile and building glass and the packaging film of photovoltaic cells. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize its synthesis process to obtain suitable products with a high acetalization degree (AD) and small particle size (d p). In this work, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was selected as the catalyst, and response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to optimize the synthesis process of PVB. The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (A), the dosage of DES (B) and n-butanal (C), and the aging temperature (D) were selected as process variables, and the comprehensive score (AD, d p and material and energy consumption) was introduced as the response. The results showed that single-factors B, C, D, and the interactions AB, BC and CD had significant effects on the comprehensive score, and the qualified PVB products (AD > 81%, d p = 3-3.5 μm) were obtained under the optimal conditions obtained by RSM and ANN models. ANN is a better and more precise optimization tool than RSM. Also, DES played a dual role in catalysis and dispersion in the synthesis of PVB and showed good reusability, so it has great application potential in PVB industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Luan
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Zuoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
| | - Weilan Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 Shanghai China
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Cunha J, da Silva MP, Beira MJ, Corvo MC, Almeida PL, Sebastião PJ, Figueirinhas JL, de Pinho MN. Water Molecular Dynamics in the Porous Structures of Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate-Silica Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1122. [PMID: 36363677 PMCID: PMC9693417 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the characterization of water dynamics in cellulose acetate-silica asymmetric membranes with very different pore structures that are associated with a wide range of selective transport properties of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). By combining 1H NMR spectroscopy, diffusometry and relaxometry and considering that the spin-lattice relaxation rate of the studied systems is mainly determined by translational diffusion, individual rotations and rotations mediated by translational displacements, it was possible to assess the influence of the porous matrix's confinement on the degree of water ordering and dynamics and to correlate this with UF/NF permeation characteristics. In fact, the less permeable membranes, CA/SiO2-22, characterized by smaller pores induce significant orientational order to the water molecules close to/interacting with the membrane matrix's interface. Conversely, the model fitting analysis of the relaxometry results obtained for the more permeable sets of membranes, CA/SiO2-30 and CA/SiO2-34, did not evidence surface-induced orientational order, which might be explained by the reduced surface-to-volume ratio of the pores and consequent loss of sensitivity to the signal of surface-bound water. Comparing the findings with those of previous studies, it is clear that the fraction of more confined water molecules in the CA/SiO2-22-G20, CA/SiO2-30-G20 and CA/SiO2-34-G20 membranes of 0.83, 0.24 and 0.35, respectively, is in agreement with the obtained diffusion coefficients as well as with the pore sizes and hydraulic permeabilities of 3.5, 38 and 81 kg h-1 m-2 bar-1, respectively, reported in the literature. It was also possible to conclude that the post-treatment of the membranes with Triton X-100 surfactants produced no significant structural changes but increased the hydrophobic character of the surface, leading to higher diffusion coefficients, especially for systems associated with average smaller pore dimensions. Altogether, these findings evidence the potential of combining complementary NMR techniques to indirectly study hydrated asymmetric porous media, assess the influence of drying post-treatments on hybrid CA/SiO2 membrane' surface characteristics and discriminate between ultra- and nano-filtration membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cunha
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel P. da Silva
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Beira
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- Centro de Investigação em Materiais (CENIMAT), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro L. Almeida
- Centro de Investigação em Materiais (CENIMAT), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Department of Physics, ISEL, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Sebastião
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João L. Figueirinhas
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Physics (DF), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Norberta de Pinho
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Laboratory for Physics of Materials and Emerging Technologies (LaPMET), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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