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Vaganov G, Simonova M, Romasheva M, Didenko A, Popova E, Ivan'kova E, Kamalov A, Elokhovskiy V, Vaganov V, Filippov A, Yudin V. Influence of Molecular Weight on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Based on Thermoplastic Partially Crystalline Polyimide. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2922. [PMID: 37447567 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a study of the influence of the molecular weight of the thermoplastic partially crystalline polyimide R-BAPB on the thermophysical and mechanical properties of carbon plastics was presented. The molecular weight of polyimide was determined using the method of light scattering and the study of the intrinsic viscosity of polyamic acid solutions. To obtain CFRPs, the uniform distribution of polyimide powder on continuous carbon fibers via electrostatic spraying and further hot calendering and pressing were applied. The study of the structure of the obtained carbon plastics via scanning electron microscopy has shown that the growth of the molecular weight of polyimide prevents the impregnation of carbon fiber with the introduced polyimide. Moreover, an increase in the molecular weight of polyimide leads to a rise in glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures up to 590 °C, while the degree of crystallinity of CFRP falls. Nonetheless, raising the molecular weight from 22,000 to 70,000 g/mol of a binder polymer improves the interlayer fracture toughness G1C by more than five times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Vaganov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Maria Simonova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Margarita Romasheva
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Andrey Didenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Elena Popova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Elena Ivan'kova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Almaz Kamalov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Vladimir Elokhovskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Vaganov
- Higher School of Automation and Robotics, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St. 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yudin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy pr. 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
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Simonova M, Kamorin D, Filippov A, Kazantsev O. Synthesis, Characterization, Conformation in Solution, and Thermoresponsiveness of Polymer Brushes of methoxy[oligo (propylene glycol)-block-oligo(ethylene glycol)]methacrylate and N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide Obtained via RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071641. [PMID: 37050255 PMCID: PMC10097000 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermo- and pH-responsive polymer brushes based on methoxy[oligo(propyleneglycol)8-block-oligo(ethyleneglycol)8]methacrylate with different concentrations of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide (from 0% to 20%) were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The “grafting-through” approach was used to prepare the low-molar-mass dispersion samples (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.3). Molar masses and hydrodynamic characteristics were obtained using static and dynamic light scattering and viscometry. The solvents used were acetonitrile, DMFA, and water. The molar masses of the prepared samples ranged from 40,000 to 60,000 g·mol–1. The macromolecules of these polymer brushes were modeled using a prolate revolution ellipsoid or a cylinder with spherical ends. In water, micelle-like aggregates were formed. Critical micelle concentrations decreased with the content of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide. Molecular brushes demonstrated thermo- and pH-responsiveness in water–salt solutions. It was shown that at a given molecular mass and at close pH values, the increase in the number of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide units led to an increase in phase separation temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simonova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Prospekt 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-328-4102
| | - Denis Kamorin
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Prospekt 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Kazantsev
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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The Solution Properties of Polymethacrylate Molecular Brushes with Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Oligo(propylene glycol) Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245556. [PMID: 36559923 PMCID: PMC9786129 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of polymer brushes based on three macromonomers were investigated in aqueous and organic solutions. Methacrylic monomers with different compositions of the oligo(oxyalkylene) substituents and arrangements of the oligo(ethylene glycol) and oligo(propylene glycol) blocks were used for the synthesis of polymers. There were methoxy [oligo(ethylene glycol)10.3-block-oligo(propylene glycol)4.7] methacrylate, methoxy [oligo(propylene glycol)8.3-block-oligo(ethylene glycol)6.6] methacrylate, and methoxy oligo(propylene glycol)4.2 methacrylate. Molecular brushes were investigated by the methods of molecular hydrodynamics and optics in dilute solutions in acetonitrile, chloroform, and water. The peculiarities of behavior of poly[oligo(oxyalkylene) methacrylates] in aqueous solutions and water-toluene systems have been found; in particular, the solubility of the polymers in water and organic solvents, the polymers equilibrium distribution between the phases, and the surface activity in the water-toluene system have been established. The thermo-responsibility in aqueous solutions and values of a critical concentration of micelle formation were shown. Depending on the arrangement of blocks in the side chains of molecular brushes, they are characterized by different intramolecular density.
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Simagin AS, Savinova MV, Kamorin DM, Kazantsev OA, Orekhov DV, Simonova MA, Orekhov SV. Amino- and Sulfo-Containing Molecular Brushes Based on Oligo(ethylene glycol) (Meth)Acrylates: Synthesis and Properties in Solutions. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222700175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Simonova MA, Ilgach DM, Kaskevich KI, Nepomnyashaya MI, Litvinova LS, Filippov AP, Yakimansky AV. Self-assembly of Polyfluorene Molecular Brushes with Poly(methacrylic acid) Side Chains in Ethanol and Water. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123822270014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The Influence of Synthesis Method on Characteristics of Buffer and Organic Solutions of Thermo- and pH-Responsive Poly( N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide)s. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020282. [PMID: 35054689 PMCID: PMC8777966 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermo- and pH-responsive poly(N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide)s were synthesized by free radical polymerization and RAFT polymerization. The molar masses of the samples were 33,000–35,000 g∙mol−1. Investigations of the dilute solutions showed that the prepared samples were flexible chain polymers. The behavior of the synthesized polymers in the buffer solutions was analyzed by turbidity and light scattering at a pH range of 7–13 and a concentration range of 0.0002–0.008 g·cm−3. When the concentrated solutions were at a low temperature, there were macromolecules and aggregates, which were formed due to the interaction of hydrophobic units. For the investigated samples, the lower critical solution temperatures were equal. The phase separation temperatures decreased as pH increased. The influence of polydispersity index on the characteristics of the samples in the solutions was analyzed. The radii of molecules of poly(N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide) obtained by RAFT polymerization at this temperature at the onset and end of the phase separation interval were lower than ones for samples synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization.
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Novel Amphiphilic Polyfluorene-Graft-(Polymethacrylic Acid) Brushes: Synthesis, Conformation, and Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244429. [PMID: 34960980 PMCID: PMC8708525 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel polyfluorene polymer brushes with polymethacrylic acid side chains were obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and activator generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP of tert-butyl methacrylate on polyfluorene multifunctional macroinitiator, followed by protonolysis of the tert-butyl groups of the side chains. Kinetics of polymerization and molecular weights were fully characterized. These polymer brushes luminesce in the blue region of the spectrum with high quantum yields (0.64–0.77). It was shown that the luminescence intensity of polymer brushes is higher than the luminescence intensity of the macroinitiator (0.61). Moreover, due to their amphiphilic nature, they can form unimolecular micelles when an alcohol solution of the polymer brush is injected into water. These properties can potentially be used in drug delivery and bioimaging.
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Simonova M, Kamorin D, Kazantsev O, Nepomnyashaya M, Filippov A. Conformation, Self-Organization and Thermoresponsibility of Polymethacrylate Molecular Brushes with Oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2715. [PMID: 34451252 PMCID: PMC8400288 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethacrylic molecular brushes with oligo(ethylene glycol)-block-oligo(propylene glycol) side chains were investigated by static and dynamic light scattering and viscometry. The solvents used were acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and water. The grafted copolymers were molecularly dispersed and dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. In these solvents, the molar masses of copolymers were determined. In thermodynamically good solvents, namely tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile, investigated copolymers have a high intramolecular density and the shape of their molecules resembles a star-shaped macromolecule. In chloroform and water, the micelle-like aggregates were formed. Critical micelle concentrations decreased with the lengthening of the hydrophobic block. Molecular brushes demonstrated thermosensitive behavior in aqueous solutions. The phase separation temperatures reduced with an increase in the content of the oligo(propylene glycol) block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simonova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Prospekt 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Denis Kamorin
- Laboratory of Acrylic Monomers and Polymers, Department of Chemical Technology, Dzerzhinsk Polytechnic Institute, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.K.); (O.K.)
- Chromatography Laboratory, Department of Production Control and Chromatography Methods, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk Branch, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oleg Kazantsev
- Laboratory of Acrylic Monomers and Polymers, Department of Chemical Technology, Dzerzhinsk Polytechnic Institute, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (D.K.); (O.K.)
| | - Maria Nepomnyashaya
- Higher School of Technology and Energy, Ivana Chernykh 4, 198095 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Prospekt 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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