|
1
|
Montoro-Dasi L, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Holistic Strategies to Control Salmonella Infantis: An Emerging Challenge in the European Broiler Sector. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37512937 PMCID: PMC10386103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. has been globally recognized as one of the leading causes of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of animal-derived products. Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and its monophasic variant are the main serovars responsible for human disease. However, a serovar known as S. Infantis has emerged as the fourth most prevalent serovar associated with human disease. A total of 95% of isolated S. Infantis serovars originate from broilers and their derived products. This serovar is strongly associated with an elevated antimicrobial (AMR) and multidrug resistance, a resistance to disinfectants, an increased tolerance to environmental mercury, a heightened virulence, and an enhanced ability to form biofilms and attach to host cells. Furthermore, this serovar harbors genes that confer resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic in human medicine, and it has the potential to acquire additional transferable AMR against other critically important antimicrobials, posing a new and significant challenge to global public health. This review provides an overview of the current status of the S. Infantis serovar in the poultry sector, focusing on its key virulence factors, including its virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Additionally, novel holistic strategies for controlling S. Infantis along the entire food chain are presented in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Sáenz L, Guzmán M, Vidal S, Caruffo M, Siel D, Zayas C, Paredes R, Valenzuela C, Hidalgo H, Pérez O, Lapierre L. Efficacy of Multivalent, Cochleate-Based Vaccine against Salmonella Infantis, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in Laying Hens. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020226. [PMID: 35214684 PMCID: PMC8879397 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen. Commercial poultry are the main reservoirs of Salmonella enterica, leading to the contamination of food and outbreaks in humans. The vaccination of chickens is one of the most important strategies to reduce the number of Salmonella in poultry farms. Unfortunately, commercial vaccines have not been fully effective in controlling the spread and do not contain all the Salmonella serovars that circulate on farms. In this study, we evaluate a new, cochleate-based, trivalent injectable vaccine against S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis, describing the vaccine security, capacity to induce specific anti-Salmonella serovar IgY and the gene expression of immune markers related to CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity. Efficacy was evaluated through oral challenges performed separately for each Salmonella serotype. The efficacy and safety of the trivalent vaccine was proven under controlled conditions. The vaccine has no local or systemic reactions or adverse effects on poultry performance related to the vaccine. The vaccine provided significantly increased serum IgY titer levels, significantly reduced Salmonella CFU/g present in the cecum and an increased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in vaccinated animals when challenged with S. Infantis, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. These results indicate that this new trivalent vaccine does not generate adverse effects in poultry and produces an increase in neutralizing antibodies against the three Salmonella serovars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Miguel Guzmán
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, NIAVA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Campus Maipú–Sede Santiago, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 9251454, Chile
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Daniela Siel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Caridad Zayas
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile;
| | - Carolina Valenzuela
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Héctor Hidalgo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
| | - Oliver Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Y Preclínicas “Victoria de Girón”, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (L.S.); (M.G.); (S.V.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (C.Z.); (C.V.); (H.H.)
- Lisette Lapierre, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|