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Gong J, Hou L, Ching YC, Ching KY, Hai ND, Chuah CH. A review of recent advances of cellulose-based intelligent-responsive hydrogels as vehicles for controllable drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130525. [PMID: 38431004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
To realize the maximum therapeutic activity of medicine and protect the body from the adverse effects of active ingredients, drug delivery systems (DDS) featured with targeted transportation sites and controllable release have captured extensive attention over the past decades. Hydrogels with unique three-dimensional (3D) porous structures present tunable capacity, controllable degradation, various stimuli sensitivity, therapeutic agents encapsulation, and loaded drugs protection properties, which endow hydrogels with bred-in-the-bone advantages as vehicles for drug delivery. In recent years, with the impressive consciousness of the "back-to-nature" concept, biomass materials are becoming the 'rising star' as the hydrogels building blocks for controlled drug release carriers due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity properties. In particular, cellulose and its derivatives are promising candidates for fabricating hydrogels as their rich sources and high availability, and various smart cellulose-based hydrogels as targeted carriers under exogenous such as light, electric field, and magnetic field or endogenous such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, and redox gradients. In this review, we summarized the main synthetic strategies of smart cellulose-based hydrogels including physical and chemical cross-linking, and illustrated the detailed intelligent-responsive mechanism of hydrogels in DDS under external stimulus. Additionally, the ongoing development and challenges of cellulose-based hydrogels in the biomedical field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Leilei Hou
- Department of Catalytic Chemistry and Engineering, State key-laboratory of fine chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- University of Reading Malaysia, Kota Ilmu, Persiaran Graduan, Educity, 79200 Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nguyen Dai Hai
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials & Bioengineering, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Pourmadadi M, Aslani A, Abdouss M. Synthesis and characterization of biological macromolecules double emulsion based on carboxymethylcellulose/gelatin hydrogel incorporated with ZIF-8 as metal organic frameworks for sustained anti-cancer drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125168. [PMID: 37270138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has introduced novel prospects for drug delivery systems, which have the potential to supplant conventional chemotherapy with reduced adverse effects. Despite being a promising porous material, ZIF-8, a metal-organic framework, tends to agglomerate in water, which limits its applicability. In order to resolve this problem, we added ZIF-8 to hydrogels consisting of gelatin and carboxymethylcellulose. This improved their mechanical strength and stability while avoiding aggregation. We utilized double emulsions with the hydrogels' biological macromolecules to construct drug carriers with enhanced control over drug release. The nanocarriers were subjected to various analytical techniques for characterization, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The findings of our study revealed that the mean size of the produced nanocarriers were 250 nm, and their zeta potential was -40.1 mV, which suggests favorable stability. The synthesized nanocarriers were found to exhibit cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, as evidenced by the results of MTT assays and flow cytometry tests. The cell viability percentage was determined to be 55 % for the prepared nanomedicine versus 70 % for the free drug. In summary, our study illustrates that the integration of ZIF-8 into hydrogels produces drug delivery systems with improved characteristics. Furthermore, the prepared nanocarriers exhibit potential for future investigation and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Aslani
- Chemistry Department, Amirkabir University of Technology
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Gene Regulations upon Hydrogel-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems in Skin Cancers-An Overview. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090560. [PMID: 36135270 PMCID: PMC9498739 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly in Caucasian populations. Specifically, the metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and is responsible for more than 80% of skin cancer deaths around the globe. Though there are many treatment techniques, and drugs have been used to cure this belligerent skin cancer, the side effects and reduced bioavailability of drug in the targeted area makes it difficult to eradicate. In addition, cellular metabolic pathways are controlled by the skin cancer driver genes, and mutations in these genes promote tumor progression. Consequently, the MAPK (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway), WNT and PI3K signaling pathways are found to be important molecular regulators in melanoma development. Even though hydrogels have turned out to be a promising drug delivery system in skin cancer treatment, the regulations at the molecular level have not been reported. Thus, we aimed to decipher the molecular pathways of hydrogel drug delivery systems for skin cancer in this review. Special attention has been paid to the hydrogel systems that deliver drugs to regulate MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, JAK-STAT and cGAS-STING pathways. These signaling pathways can be molecular drivers of skin cancers and possible potential targets for the further research on treatment of skin cancers.
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Liu S, Deng S, Yan T, Zhang X, Tian R, Xu J, Sun H, Yu S, Liu J. Biocompatible Diselenide-Containing Protein Hydrogels with Effective Visible-Light-Initiated Self-Healing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4360. [PMID: 34960914 PMCID: PMC8707953 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart hydrogels are typical functional soft materials, but their functional and mechanical properties are compromised upon micro- or macro-mechanical damage. In contrast, hydrogels with self-healing properties overcome this limitation. Herein, a dual dynamic bind, cross-linked, self-healing protein hydrogel is prepared, based on Schiff base bonds and diselenide bonds. The Schiff base bond is a typical dynamic covalent bond and the diselenide bond is an emerging dynamic covalent bond with a visible light response, which gives the resulting hydrogel a dual response in visible light and a desirable self-healing ability. The diselenide-containing protein hydrogels were biocompatible due to the fact that their main component was protein. In addition, the hydrogels loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) could be transformed into sols in glucose solution due to the sensitive response of the diselenide bonds to the generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by enzymatic catalysis. This work demonstrated a diselenide-containing protein hydrogel that could efficiently self-heal up to nearly 100% without compromising their mechanical properties under visible light at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Shengchao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.D.); (X.Z.); (R.T.)
| | - Tengfei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (S.L.); (T.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.D.); (X.Z.); (R.T.)
| | - Ruizhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.D.); (X.Z.); (R.T.)
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Shuangjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (J.X.); (H.S.)
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