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Flores León J, Quiroz Castillo JM, Rodríguez Félix DE, Castillo Ortega MM, Cabrera-González AD, Ramirez-Mendoza CG, Santacruz-Ortega H, Suárez-Campos G, Valenzuela-García JL, Herrera-Franco PJ. Preparation and Characterization of Extruded PLA Films Coated with Polyaniline or Polypyrrole by In Situ Chemical Polymerization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43243-43253. [PMID: 38024776 PMCID: PMC10653065 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole and polyaniline, have been extensively studied for their notable intrinsic electronic and ionic conductivities, rendering them suitable for a range of diverse applications. In this study, in situ chemical polymerization was employed to coat extruded PLA films with PPy and PANi. Morphological analysis reveals a uniform and compact deposition of both polyaniline and polypyrrole after polymerization periods of 3 and 1 h, respectively. Furthermore, the PLA-PANi-3h and PLA-PPy-1h composites exhibited the highest electrical conductivity, with values of 0.042 and 0.022 S cm-1, respectively. These findings were in agreement with the XPS results, as the polyaniline-coated film showed a higher proportion of charge carriers compared to the polypyrrole composite. The elastic modulus of the coated films showed an increase compared with that of pure PLA films. Additionally, the inflection temperatures for the PLA-PANi-3h and PLA-PPy-1h composites were 368.7 and 367.2 °C, respectively, while for pure PLA, it reached 341.47 °C. This improvement in mechanical and thermal properties revealed the effective interfacial adhesion between the PLA matrix and the conducting polymer. Therefore, this work demonstrates that coating biopolymeric matrices with PANi or PPy enables the production of functional and environmentally friendly conductive materials suitable for potential use in the removal of heavy metals in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
Ramón Flores León
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Jesús Manuel Quiroz Castillo
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Dora E. Rodríguez Félix
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - María Mónica Castillo Ortega
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Ana Daymi Cabrera-González
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Hisila Santacruz-Ortega
- Departamento
de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Guillermo Suárez-Campos
- Departamento
de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, C.P. 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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The Current Status, Prospects, and Challenges of Shape Memory Polymers Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030556. [PMID: 36771857 PMCID: PMC9920657 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects can occur after severe trauma, infection, or bone tumor resection surgery, which requires grafting to repair the defect when it reaches a critical size, as the bone's self-healing ability is insufficient to complete the bone repair. Natural bone grafts or artificial bone grafts, such as bioceramics, are currently used in bone tissue engineering, but the low availability of bone and high cost limit these treatments. Therefore, shape memory polymers (SMPs), which combine biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, shape tunability, ease of access, and minimally invasive implantation, have received attention in bone tissue engineering in recent years. Here, we reviewed the various excellent properties of SMPs and their contribution to bone formation in experiments at the cellular and animal levels, respectively, especially for the repair of defects in craniomaxillofacial (CMF) and limb bones, to provide new ideas for the application of these new SMPs in bone tissue engineering.
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González-Jiménez A, Bernal-Ortega P, Salamanca FM, Valentin JL. Shape-Memory Composites Based on Ionic Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061230. [PMID: 35335560 PMCID: PMC8953204 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape-memory polymers tend to present rigid behavior at ambient temperature, being unable to deform in this state. To obtain soft shape-memory elastomers, composites based on a commercial rubber crosslinked by both ionic and covalent bonds were developed, as these materials do not lose their elastomeric behavior below their transition (or activation) temperature (using ionic transition for such a purpose). The introduction of fillers, such as carbon black and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), was studied and compared with the unfilled matrix. By adding contents above 10 phr of MWCNT, shape-memory properties were enhanced by 10%, achieving fixing and recovery ratios above 90% and a faster response. Moreover, by adding these fillers, the conductivity of the materials increased from ~10−11 to ~10−4 S·cm−1, allowing the possibility to activate the shape-memory effect with an electric current, based on the heating of the material by the Joule effect, achieving a fast and clean stimulus requiring only a current source of 50 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Jiménez
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (J.L.V.); Tel.: +34-912587539 (J.L.V.)
| | - Pilar Bernal-Ortega
- Department of Elastomer Technology and Engineering, University of Twente, Driener-Iolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Fernando M. Salamanca
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan L. Valentin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (J.L.V.); Tel.: +34-912587539 (J.L.V.)
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