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Restaino OF, Giosafatto CVL, Mirpoor SF, Cammarota M, Hejazi S, Mariniello L, Schiraldi C, Porta R. Sustainable Exploitation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087301. [PMID: 37108463 PMCID: PMC10138933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is the main seagrass plant in the Mediterranean basin that forms huge underwater meadows. Its leaves, when decomposed, are transported to the coasts, where they create huge banquettes that protect the beaches from sea erosion. Its roots and rhizome fragments, instead, aggregate into fibrous sea balls, called egagropili, that are shaped and accumulated by the waves along the shoreline. Their presence on the beach is generally disliked by tourists, and, thus, local communities commonly treat them as waste to remove and discard. Posidonia oceanica egagropili might represent a vegetable lignocellulose biomass to be valorized as a renewable substrate to produce added value molecules in biotechnological processes, as bio-absorbents in environmental decontamination, to prepare new bioplastics and biocomposites, or as insulating and reinforcement materials for construction and building. In this review, the structural characteristics, and the biological role of Posidonia oceanica egagropili are described, as well as their applications in different fields as reported in scientific papers published in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Valeria L Giosafatto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirpoor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sondos Hejazi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Mariniello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Porta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Montesantangelo Campus, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Kuqo A, Mai C. Seagrass Leaves: An Alternative Resource for the Production of Insulation Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6933. [PMID: 36234271 PMCID: PMC9570856 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass wracks, the remains of dead leaves accumulated on seashores, are important ecosystems and beneficial for the marine environment. Their presence on the touristic beaches, however, is a problem for the tourism industry due to the lack of aesthetics and safety reasons. At the present time, seagrass leaves are landfilled, although this is not considered an ecological waste management practice. Among other proposed practices for more sustainable and environmentally friendly management, such as composting and biogas or energy generation, in this study we aim to use seagrass leaves for the production of insulation materials. Insulation boards from two types of seagrass leaves (Posidonia oceanica and Zostera marina) at densities varying from 80 to 200 kg m-3 were prepared and their physical and mechanical properties were examined and compared to those of wood fiber insulation boards. The thermal conductivity of seagrass-based insulation boards varied from 0.042 to 0.050 W m-1 K-1, which was up to 12% lower compared to the latter. The cone calorimetry analysis revealed that seagrass-based insulation boards are more fire resistant than those from wood fibers, as they release very low amounts of heat during combustion and do not ignite when exposed to a single flame (Bunsen burner). A simplified cost analysis showed that insulation boards made from seagrass leaves can be up to 30% cheaper compared to those made from wood fibers. After their end of life, seagrass leaves can again be considered a valuable resource and be further utilized by adopting other management strategies.
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