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Najihah AZ, Hassan MZ, Ismail Z. Current trend on preparation, characterization and biomedical applications of natural polysaccharide-based nanomaterial reinforcement hydrogels: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132411. [PMID: 38821798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The tunable properties of hydrogels have led to their widespread use in various biomedical applications such as wound treatment, drug delivery, contact lenses, tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. Among these applications, natural polysaccharide-based hydrogels, which are fabricated from materials like agarose, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, pectin and chondroitin sulfate, stand out as preferred choices due to their biocompatibility and advantageous fabrication characteristics. Despite the inherent biocompatibility, polysaccharide-based hydrogels on their own tend to be weak in physiochemical and mechanical properties. Therefore, further reinforcement in the hydrogel is necessary to enhance its suitability for specific applications, ensuring optimal performance in diverse settings. Integrating nanomaterials into hydrogels has proven effective in improving the overall network and performance of the hydrogel. This approach also addresses the limitations associated with pure hydrogels. Next, an overview of recent trends in the fabrication and applications of hydrogels was presented. The characterization of hydrogels was further discussed, focusing specifically on the reinforcement achieved with various hydrogel materials used so far. Finally, a few challenges associated with hydrogels by using polysaccharide-based nanomaterial were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Najihah
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zaki Hassan
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zarini Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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P K, Vijaya Ramnath BM, Palanikumar K. Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Acacia-Raffia Natural Fiber Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3249. [PMID: 37571143 PMCID: PMC10422233 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, industries place a strong emphasis on low-cost, biodegradable materials with long lifespans. As a result, businesses are concentrating on creating composite materials utilizing the world's plentiful supply of natural fibers. In this study, acacia and raffia fibers are combined with epoxy resin and a hand layup method to create a biodegradable composite laminate. This article investigates the effect of fiber orientation on the mechanical and morphological evaluation of composite materials that have been manufactured. Three different kinds of composites were fabricated in this work: Composite 1, which contained acacia fiber; Composite 2, which was built of acacia and raffia fiber; and Composite 3, which was made of raffia fiber. While Composite 2 is a hybrid composite in this instance, Composites 1 and 3 are monofiber composites. In accordance with the ASTM standards, testing was performed to investigate the different mechanical behaviors, including tensile, flexural, double shear, delamination, hardness, and impact. The results demonstrate that Composite 1 has strong tensile strength, flexural strength, double shear, and hardness tests with a 45° fiber orientation. The 90° fiber orientation of Composite 1 performs well in the inter delamination test. The result demonstrates that composite 1 of type 0 absorbs greater energy. Additionally, Scanning electron microscopy was used to conduct morphological examinations in order to investigate the internal structural failure of the composites. It was found that the composite laminate has fiber cracks, pullouts, and voids, which were reduced with the right curing times and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick P
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - K. Palanikumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology, Chennai 600044, India
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Aufa A, Daud MYM, Hassan MZ, Mohammad R, Aziz SA, Suhot MA. Ultrasonic spot welding for joining dissimilar metals and composite materials. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Dessalegn Y, Singh B, van Vuure AW, Rajhi AA, Duhduh AA, Hossain N, Ahmed GMS. Mechanical Properties of Bambusa Oldhamii and Yushania-Alpina Bamboo Fibres Reinforced Polypropylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132733. [PMID: 35808778 PMCID: PMC9268778 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current studies aim to measure the mechanical strength based on age, harvesting season and bamboo species in Ethiopia. The bamboo fibres are extracted using a roll milling machine, which was developed by the author. The age groups (1, 2 and 3 years), harvesting months (February and November), and bamboo species (Yushania alpina and Bambusa oldhamii) are the parameters of the current research studies. Prepregs and composites were produced from bamboo fibres and polypropylene. The mechanical properties of bamboo fibres and their composites in Ethiopia have not been investigated by researchers for the composite application so far. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and impact strength of injibara (Y. alpina) bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites from the ages of 1– 3 years old in November is 111 ± 9–125 ± 8 MPa, 15 ± 0.9–25 ± 0.72 GPa, and 47 ± 5 KJ/m2–57 ± 6 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 86 ± 3.86–116 ± 10 MPa, 11 ± 0.71–23 ± 1.5 GPa, and 34 ± 4–52 ± 6 KJ/m2, respectively. Moreover, Kombolcha (B. oldhamii), bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites in November are 93 ± 7–111 ± 8 MPa, 7 ± 0.51–17 ± 2.56 GPa, and 39 ± 4–44 ± 5 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 60 ± 5–104 ± 10 MPa, 12 ± 0.95–14 ± 0.92 GPa, and 26 ± 3 KJ/m2–38 ± 4 KJ/m2, respectively. Furthermore, Mekaneselam (Y. alpina) bamboo fibres reinforced PP composites in November are 99 ± 8–120 ± 11 MPa, 9 ± 0.82–16 ± 1.85 GPa, and 37 ± 4 KJ/m2–46 ± 5 KJ/m2, whereas, in February, it is 91 ± 8–110 ± 9 MPa, 8 ± 0.75–14 ± 1.86 GPa, and 34 ± 3 KJ/m2–40 ± 4 KJ/m2, respectively. At two years, November and Injibara bamboo have recorded the highest mechanical properties in the current research studies. Bamboo fiber strength in Ethiopia is comparable to the previous study of bamboo fibres and glass fibres used for composite materials in the automotive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalew Dessalegn
- Program of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; (Y.D.); (G.M.S.A.)
| | - Balkeshwar Singh
- Program of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; (Y.D.); (G.M.S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aart W. van Vuure
- Department Materials Engineering, Campus Group T, Composite Materials Group, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Ali A. Rajhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alaauldeen A. Duhduh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, CAIT, Jazan University, Prince Mohammed Street, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nazia Hossain
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed
- Program of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; (Y.D.); (G.M.S.A.)
- Center of Excellence (COE) for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, ASTU, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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Bakhori SNM, Hassan MZ, Bakhori NM, Rashedi A, Mohammad R, Daud MYM, Aziz SA, Ramlie F, Kumar A, J N. Mechanical Properties of PALF/Kevlar-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composite Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122468. [PMID: 35746044 PMCID: PMC9227521 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic fibres are in high demand due to their superior properties. Natural fibres are less expensive and lighter as compared to synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres have drawn much attention, especially for their outstanding properties, such as durability, and stability. The hybridisation between natural and synthetic fibres composite are considered as an alternative to improve the current properties of natural and synthetic fibres. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) and Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) hybrid composites. The PALF/Kevlar hybrid composites were fabricated by using hand layup method utilising unsaturated polyester as the matrix. These composites were laid up to various laminated configurations, such as [PKP]s, [PPK]s, [KPP]s, [KKP]s, [PPP]s and [KKK]s, whereby PALF denoted as P and Kevlar denoted as K. Next, they were cut into size and dimensions according to standards. Initially, the density of PALF/Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester were evaluated. The highest density result was obtained from [KKK]s, however, the density of hybrid composites was closely indistinguishable. Next, moisture absorption behaviour and its effects on the PALF/Kevlar reinforced unsaturated polyester were investigated. The water absorption studies showed that the hybridisation between all PALF and Kevlar specimens absorbed moisture drastically at the beginning of the moisture absorption test and the percentage of moisture uptake increased with the volume fraction of PALF in the samples. The tensile test indicated that all specimens exhibited nonlinear stress-strain behaviour and shown a pseudo-ductility behaviour. [KKP]s and [KPK]s hybrid composites showed the highest tensile strength and modulus. The flexural test showed that [KPK]s had the highest flexural strength of 164.0 MPa and [KKP]s had the highest flexural modulus of 12.6 GPa. In terms of the impact strength and resistance, [KKP]s outperformed the composite laminates. According to SEM scans, the hybrid composites demonstrated a stronger interfacial adhesion between the fibres and matrix than pure PALF composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nadia Mohd Bakhori
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Mohamad Zaki Hassan
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Ahmad Rashedi
- College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0810, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Roslina Mohammad
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Mohd Yusof Md Daud
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Sa’ardin Abdul Aziz
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Faizir Ramlie
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.N.M.B.); (M.Z.H.); (N.M.B.); (R.M.); (M.Y.M.D.); (S.A.A.); (F.R.)
| | - Anil Kumar
- Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology, Sultanpur 228118, India;
| | - Naveen J
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
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