1
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Yi Y, Gong X, Cui M, Liang Y, Mei J, Ying G, Wu Y. Screening of inhibitors on successful covalent tyrosinase coupling with help from SpyBank. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5957. [PMID: 38973567 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites are an important source of tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors because of their rich chemical diversity. However, because of the complex metabolic environment of microbial products, it is difficult to rapidly locate and identify natural TYR inhibitors. Affinity-based ligand screening is an important method for capturing active ingredients in complex samples, but ligand immobilization is an important factor affecting the screening process. In this paper, TYR was used as ligand, and the SpyTag/SpyCatcher coupling system was used to rapidly construct affinity chromatography vectors for screening TYR inhibitors and separating active components from complex samples. We successfully expressed SpyTag-TYR fusion protein and SpyCatcher protein, and incubated SpyCatcher protein with epoxy-activated agarose. The SpyTag-TYR protein was spontaneously coupled with SpyCatcher to obtain an affinity chromatography filler for immobilization of TYR, and the performance of the packaging material was characterized. Finally, compound 1 with enzyme inhibitory activity was successfully obtained from the fermentation product of marine microorganism C. Through HPLC, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses, its structure was deduced as azelaic acid, and its activity was analyzed. The results showed that this is a feasible method for screening TYR inhibitors in complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuewang Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Mei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinfei Wu
- Hangzhou Alltests Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Palanisamy R, Subramanian SK, Nivetha Sivakumar R, Kangeswaren M, Nagendra Prasad HS, Perumal V, Asiedu SK. Liposome-encapsulated cytochrome P450 and gibberellic acid biosynthesis in Priestia megaterium RP1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132954. [PMID: 38852726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of liposome encapsulated silica immobilized cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (LSICY) for bioremediation of mercury (Hg2+). Current limitations in Hg2+ reduction, including sensitivity to factors like pH and cost, necessitate alternative methods. We propose LSICY as a solution, leveraging the enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYPM) for Hg2+ reduction through hydroxylation and oxygenation. Our investigation employs LSICY to assess its efficacy in mitigating Hg2+ toxicity in Oryza sativa (rice) plants. Gas chromatography confirmed gibberellic acid (GA) presence in the Hg2+ reducing bacteria Priestia megaterium RP1 (PMRP1), highlighting a potential link between CYP450 activity and plant health. This study demonstrates the promise of LSICY as a sustainable and effective approach for Hg2+ bioremediation, promoting a safer soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Palanisamy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India; Rayakis, Energy and Environmental Consultancy, Periyar Street, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636 001, India.
| | | | - R Nivetha Sivakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India
| | - Mario Kangeswaren
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - H S Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Jayachamrajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006, India
| | | | - Samuel K Asiedu
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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3
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Ndochinwa OG, Wang QY, Amadi OC, Nwagu TN, Nnamchi CI, Okeke ES, Moneke AN. Current status and emerging frontiers in enzyme engineering: An industrial perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32673. [PMID: 38912509 PMCID: PMC11193041 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering mechanisms can be an efficient approach to enhance the biochemical properties of various biocatalysts. Immobilization of biocatalysts and the introduction of new-to-nature chemical reactivities are also possible through the same mechanism. Discovering new protocols that enhance the catalytic active protein that possesses novelty in terms of being stable, active, and, stereoselectivity with functions could be identified as essential areas in terms of concurrent bioorganic chemistry (synergistic relationship between organic chemistry and biochemistry in the context of enzyme engineering). However, with our current level of knowledge about protein folding and its correlation with protein conformation and activities, it is almost impossible to design proteins with specific biological and physical properties. Hence, contemporary protein engineering typically involves reprogramming existing enzymes by mutagenesis to generate new phenotypes with desired properties. These processes ensure that limitations of naturally occurring enzymes are not encountered. For example, researchers have engineered cellulases and hemicellulases to withstand harsh conditions encountered during biomass pretreatment, such as high temperatures and acidic environments. By enhancing the activity and robustness of these enzymes, biofuel production becomes more economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Recent trends in enzyme engineering have enabled the development of tailored biocatalysts for pharmaceutical applications. For instance, researchers have engineered enzymes such as cytochrome P450s and amine oxidases to catalyze challenging reactions involved in drug synthesis. In addition to conventional methods, there has been an increasing application of machine learning techniques to identify patterns in data. These patterns are then used to predict protein structures, enhance enzyme solubility, stability, and function, forecast substrate specificity, and assist in rational protein design. In this review, we discussed recent trends in enzyme engineering to optimize the biochemical properties of various biocatalysts. Using examples relevant to biotechnology in engineering enzymes, we try to expatiate the significance of enzyme engineering with how these methods could be applied to optimize the biochemical properties of a naturally occurring enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Giles Ndochinwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomass Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Oyetugo Chioma Amadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anene Nwabu Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Patel SKS, Gupta RK, Karuppanan KK, Padhi DK, Ranganathan S, Paramanantham P, Lee JK. Trametes versicolor Laccase-Based Magnetic Inorganic-Protein Hybrid Nanobiocatalyst for Efficient Decolorization of Dyes in the Presence of Inhibitors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1790. [PMID: 38673147 PMCID: PMC11051536 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the present investigation, an ecofriendly magnetic inorganic-protein hybrid system-based enzyme immobilization was developed using partially purified laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvLac), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and manganese (Mn), and was successfully applied for synthetic dye decolorization in the presence of enzyme inhibitors. After the partial purification of crude TvLac, the specific enzyme activity reached 212 U∙mg total protein-1. The synthesized Fe3O4/Mn3(PO4)2-laccase (Fe3O4/Mn-TvLac) and Mn3(PO4)2-laccase (Mn-TvLac) nanoflowers (NFs) exhibited encapsulation yields of 85.5% and 90.3%, respectively, with relative activities of 245% and 260%, respectively, compared with those of free TvLac. One-pot synthesized Fe3O4/Mn-TvLac exhibited significant improvements in catalytic properties and stability compared to those of the free enzyme. Fe3O4/Mn-TvLac retained a significantly higher residual activity of 96.8% over that of Mn-TvLac (47.1%) after 10 reuse cycles. The NFs showed potential for the efficient decolorization of synthetic dyes in the presence of enzyme inhibitors. For up to five reuse cycles, Fe3O4/Mn-TvLac retained a decolorization potential of 81.1% and 86.3% for Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 and xylene cyanol, respectively. The synthesized Fe3O4/Mn-TvLac showed a lower acute toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri than pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles did. This is the first report of the one-pot synthesis of biofriendly magnetic protein-inorganic hybrids using partially purified TvLac and Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.K.S.P.); (R.K.G.); (K.K.K.); (D.K.P.); (S.R.); (P.P.)
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Jangra N, Kawatra A, Datten B, Gupta S, Gulati P. Recent trends in targeted delivery of smart nanocarrier-based microbial enzymes for therapeutic applications. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103915. [PMID: 38340953 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Smart carrier-based immobilization has widened the use of enzymes for the treatment of several disorders. Large surface areas, tunable morphology, and surface modification ability aid the targeted and controlled release of therapeutic enzymes from such formulations. Smart nanocarriers, such as polymeric carriers, liposomes, and silica have also increased the stability, half-life, and permeability of these enzymes. In this review, summarize recent advances in the smart immobilization of microbial enzymes and their development as precision nanomedicine for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), and wound healing. We also discuss the challenges and measures to be adopted for the successful clinical translation of these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Jangra
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anubhuti Kawatra
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Bharti Datten
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Shefali Gupta
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Pirozzi D, Latte A, Yousuf A, De Mastro F, Brunetti G, El Hassanin A, Sannino F. Magnetic Chitosan for the Removal of Sulfamethoxazole from Tertiary Wastewaters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:406. [PMID: 38470737 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles, synthesized by in situ precipitation, have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic dangerous due to its capacity to enter ecosystems. The adsorption of SMX has been carried out in the presence of tertiary wastewaters from a depuration plant to obtain more realistic results. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity significantly changed when carrying out the experiments in the presence of wastewater. This change has been explained while taking into account the charge properties of both the antibiotic and the magnetic chitosan. The composition of wastewaters has been characterized and discussed as regards its effect on the adsorption capacity of the magnetic chitosan. The models of Elovich and Freundlich have been selected to describe the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms, respectively. The analysis of these models has suggested that the adsorption mechanism is based on strong chemical interactions between the SMX and the magnetic chitosan, leading to the formation of an SMX multilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Pirozzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Latte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Abu Yousuf
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73069, USA
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea El Hassanin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy
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7
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Lafi Z, Gharaibeh L, Nsairat H, Asha N, Alshaer W. Aptasensors: employing molecular probes for precise medical diagnostics and drug monitoring. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:1439-1460. [PMID: 37847048 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection and monitoring of therapeutic drug levels are vital for effective patient care and treatment management. Aptamers, composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules, are integral components of biosensors designed for both qualitative and quantitative detection of biological samples. Aptasensors play crucial roles in target identification, validation, detection of drug-target interactions and screening potential of drug candidates. This review focuses on the pivotal role of aptasensors in early disease detection, particularly in identifying biomarkers associated with various diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Aptasensors have demonstrated exceptional potential in enhancing disease diagnostics and monitoring therapeutic drug levels. Aptamer-based biosensors represent a transformative technology in the field of healthcare, enabling precise diagnostics, drug monitoring and disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Lafi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Asha
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Wang F, Xu H, Wang M, Yu X, Cui Y, Xu L, Ma A, Ding Z, Huo S, Zou B, Qian J. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Juice Clarification. Foods 2023; 12:4258. [PMID: 38231709 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are currently being rapidly developed and are widely used in juice clarification. Immobilized enzymes have many advantages, and they show great advantages in juice clarification. The commonly used methods for immobilizing enzymes include adsorption, entrapment, covalent bonding, and cross-linking. Different immobilization methods are adopted for different enzymes to accommodate their different characteristics. This article systematically reviews the methods of enzyme immobilization and the use of immobilized supports in juice clarification. In addition, the mechanisms and effects of clarification with immobilized pectinase, immobilized laccase, and immobilized xylanase in fruit juice are elaborated upon. Furthermore, suggestions and prospects are provided for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Patel SKS, Gupta RK, Kim IW, Lee JK. Coriolus versicolor laccase-based inorganic protein hybrid synthesis for application in biomass saccharification to enhance biological production of hydrogen and ethanol. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110301. [PMID: 37598507 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bio-friendly inorganic protein hybrid-based enzyme immobilization system using partially purified Coriolus versicolor laccase (CvLac) was successfully applied to biomass hydrolysis for the enhancement of sugar production aimed at generating biofuels. After four days of incubation, the maximum CvLac production was achieved at 140 U/mg of total protein in the presence of inducers such as copper and wheat bran after four days of incubation. Crude CvLac immobilized through inorganic protein hybrids such as nanoflowers (NFs) using zinc as Zn3(PO4)2/CvLac hybrid NFs (Zn/CvLac-NFs) showed a maximum encapsulation yield of 93.4% and a relative activity of 265% compared to free laccase. The synthesized Zn/CvLac-NFs exhibited significantly improved activity profiles and stability compared to free enzymes. Furthermore, Zn/CvLac-NFs retained a significantly high residual activity of 96.2% after ten reuse cycles. The saccharification of poplar biomass improved ∼2-fold in the presence of Zn/CvLac-NFs, with an 8-fold reduction in total phenolics compared to the control. The Zn/CvLac-NFs treated biomass hydrolysate showed high biological hydrogen (H2) production and ethanol conversion efficiency of up to 2.68 mol/mol of hexose and 79.0% compared to the control values of 1.27 mol of H2/mol of hexose and 58.4%, respectively. The CvLac hybrid NFs are the first time reported for biomass hydrolysis, and a significant enhancement in the production of hydrogen and ethanol was reported. The synthesis of such NFs based on crude forms of diverse enzymes can potentially be extended to a broad range of biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahul K Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Faccio D, Petrelli L, Incendi D, Zamuner A, De Rose E, Confalonieri M, Tolomei F, Todros S, Tiengo C, Macchi V, Dettin M, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Development and preclinical evaluation of bioactive nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100761. [PMID: 37600351 PMCID: PMC10433238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe peripheral nerve injuries, nerve conduits (NCs) are good alternatives to autografts/allografts; however, the results the available devices guarantee for are still not fully satisfactory. Herein, differently bioactivated NCs based on the new polymer oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) are compared in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis (gap: 5 mm; end point: 6 weeks). Thirty Sprague Dawley rats are randomized to 6 groups: Reverse Autograft (RA); Reaxon®; OxPVA; OxPVA + EAK (self-assembling peptide, mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR (mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) (adsorption). Preliminarily, all OxPVA-based devices are comparable with Reaxon® in Sciatic Functional Index score and gait analysis; moreover, all conduits sustain nerve regeneration (S100, β-tubulin) without showing substantial inflammation (CD3, F4/80) evidences. Following morphometric analyses, OxPVA confirms its potential in PNI repair (comparable with Reaxon®) whereas OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR stands out for its myelinated axons total number and density, revealing promising in injury recovery and for future application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Faccio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiana Incendi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tolomei
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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11
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Laxmi V, Singhvi N, Ahmad N, Sinha S, Negi T, Gupta V, Mubashshir M, Ahmad A, Sharma S. Emerging Field of Nanotechnology in Environment. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:244-252. [PMID: 37781004 PMCID: PMC10533467 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The art of utilizing and manipulating micro materials have been dated back to antient era. With the advancement in technologies, the state-of-art methods of nano technologies and nano sciences has been employed in various sectors including environment, product designing, food industry, pharmaceuticals industries to way out solve standard problem of mankind. Due to rapid industrialization and the alarming levels of pollution there has been an urgent need to address the environmental and energy issues. Environmental sustainability concerns the global climate change and pollution including air, water, soil. The field of nanotechnology has proven to be a promising field where sensing and remediation, have been dramatically advanced by the use of nanomaterials. This emergent science of surface to mass ratio is the principle theorem for manipulating structure at molecular levels. The review sums up all the advancements in the field of nanotechnology and their recent application in the environment. New opportunities and challenges have also been discussed in detail to understand the use of nanotechnology as problem-to-solution ratio. Graphical abstract Image depicting the application of nanotechnology in environmental concerns. The combinations of technologies like bioremediations, bioaugmentations with state-of-the-art nanotechnology like carbon nanotubes and Nano capsules to answer the environmental challenges of soil quality, and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijya Laxmi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Nirjara Singhvi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Shruti Sinha
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Tripti Negi
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Integrated Regional Office, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Muhammad Mubashshir
- School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Adnan Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- School of Engineering and Computing, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- Omkarr Tech Solutions, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
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12
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Zakowiecki D, Edinger P, Hess T, Paszkowska J, Staniszewska M, Romanova S, Garbacz G. Effect of Compaction Pressure on the Enzymatic Activity of Pancreatin in Directly Compressible Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2224. [PMID: 37765193 PMCID: PMC10534463 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tableting of biomolecules is a challenging formulation phase due to their sensitivity to various process parameters, such as compression pressure, process dynamics, or the temperature generated. In the present study, pancreatin was employed as a model enzyme mixture, which was formulated in tablet form utilizing the synergistic effects of brittle and plastic excipients (dibasic calcium phosphate and microcrystalline cellulose, respectively). The effect of varying compaction pressure and lubricant concentration on the generated temperature and enzymatic activity was evaluated. The tablets were analyzed for pancreatin content and the activity of two enzymes (protease and amylase) using pharmacopoeial tests. This study indicated that the formulations proposed here allow tableting over a wide range of compaction pressures without adversely affecting pancreatin content and its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zakowiecki
- Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, Rheinstrasse 27, 55257 Budenheim, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Peter Edinger
- Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, Rheinstrasse 27, 55257 Budenheim, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Tobias Hess
- Chemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, Rheinstrasse 27, 55257 Budenheim, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Jadwiga Paszkowska
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland (G.G.)
| | | | - Svitlana Romanova
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland (G.G.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, Pushkinska 53, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Grzegorz Garbacz
- Physiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland (G.G.)
- Physiolution GmbH, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Pinmanee P, Sompinit K, Jantimaporn A, Khongkow M, Haltrich D, Nimchua T, Sukyai P. Purification and Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 on Bacterial Cellulose and Its Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1156. [PMID: 37509191 PMCID: PMC10377281 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an essential enzyme that eliminates harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating inside living cells. Due to its efficacities, SOD is widely applied in many applications. In this study, the purification of SOD produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 was conducted to obtain the purified SOD that exhibited specific activity of 513.74 U/mg with a purification factor of 10.36-fold. The inhibitory test revealed that the purified SOD was classified as Mn-SOD with an estimated molecular weight of 25 kDa on SDS-PAGE. After investigating the biochemical characterization, the purified SOD exhibited optimal activity under conditions of pH 7.0 and 35 °C, which are suitable for various applications. The stability test showed that the purified SOD rapidly decreased in activity under high temperatures. To overcome this, SOD was successfully immobilized on bacterial cellulose (BC), resulting in enhanced stability under those conditions. The immobilized SOD was investigated for its ability to eliminate ROS in fibroblasts. The results indicated that the immobilized SOD released and retained its function to regulate the ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the immobilized SOD on BC could be a promising candidate for application in many industries that require antioxidant functionality under operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phitsanu Pinmanee
- Biotechnology of Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Sompinit
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Angkana Jantimaporn
- Nanomedicine and Veterinary Research Team, National Center of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- Nanomedicine and Veterinary Research Team, National Center of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department for Food Science and Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thidarat Nimchua
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Prakit Sukyai
- Biotechnology of Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds Special Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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14
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El-Ghoul Y, Al-Fakeh MS, Al-Subaie NS. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Alginate/Carrageenan Crosslinked Biopolymer and Study of the Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Performance of Its Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Polymeric Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112511. [PMID: 37299310 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are essential to a wide range of fields, including medicine, food, and cosmetics, for their various physiochemical and biological properties. However, they still have adverse effects limiting their further applications. Consequently, possible structural modifications should be carried out on the polysaccharides for their valorization. Recently, polysaccharides complexed with metal ions have been reported to enhance their bioactivities. In this paper, we synthesized a new crosslinked biopolymer based on sodium alginate (AG) and carrageenan (CAR) polysaccharides. The biopolymer was then exploited to form complexes with different metal salts including MnCl2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, and CuCl2·2H2O. The four polymeric complexes were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity methods, and thermogravimetric analysis. The X-ray crystal structure of the Mn(II) complex is tetrahedral and belongs to the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P121/n1. The Fe(III) complex is octahedral and crystal data fit with the cubic crystal system with the space group Pm-3m. The Ni(II) complex is tetrahedral and crystal data correspond to the cubic crystal arrangement with the space group Pm-3m. The data estimated for the Cu(II) polymeric complex revealed that it is tetrahedral and belongs to the cubic system with the space group Fm-3m. The antibacterial study showed significant activity of all the complexes against both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) pathogenic strains. Similarly, the various complexes revealed an antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The Cu(II) polymeric complex recorded a higher antimicrobial activity with an inhibitory zone reaching 4.5 cm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the best antifungal effect of 4 cm. Furthermore, higher antioxidant values of the four complexes were obtained with DPPH scavenging activity varying from 73 to 94%. The two more biologically effective complexes were then selected for the viability cell assessments and in vitro anticancer assays. The polymeric complexes revealed excellent cytocompatibility with normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A) and a high anticancer potential with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) which increase significantly in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Maged S Al-Fakeh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Taiz University, Taiz 3086, Yemen
| | - Nora S Al-Subaie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Zangi AR, Amiri A, Borzouee F, Bagherifar R, Pazooki P, Hamishehkar H, Javadzadeh Y. Immobilized nanoparticles-mediated enzyme therapy; promising way into clinical development. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:55. [PMID: 37382752 PMCID: PMC10409955 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme (Enz)-mediated therapy indicated a remarkable effect in the treatment of many human cancers and diseases with an insight into clinical phases. Because of insufficient immobilization (Imb) approach and ineffective carrier, Enz therapeutic exhibits low biological efficacy and bio-physicochemical stability. Although efforts have been made to remove the limitations mentioned in clinical trials, efficient Imb-destabilization and modification of nanoparticles (NPs) remain challenging. NP internalization through insufficient membrane permeability, precise endosomal escape, and endonuclease protection following release are the primary development approaches. In recent years, innovative manipulation of the material for Enz immobilization (EI) fabrication and NP preparation has enabled nanomaterial platforms to improve Enz therapeutic outcomes and provide low-diverse clinical applications. In this review article, we examine recent advances in EI approaches and emerging views and explore the impact of Enz-mediated NPs on clinical therapeutic outcomes with at least diverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi Zangi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borzouee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rafieh Bagherifar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouya Pazooki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, 5166-15731, Iran.
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16
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Patel SKS, Kalia VC, Lee JK. Laccase Immobilization on Copper-Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient Bisphenol Degradation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:127-134. [PMID: 36457186 PMCID: PMC9895995 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2210.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Laccase activity is influenced by copper (Cu) as an inducer. In this study, laccase was immobilized on Cu and Cu-magnetic (Cu/Fe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve enzyme stability and potential applications. The Cu/Fe2O4 NPs functionally activated by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde exhibited an immobilization yield and relative activity (RA) of 93.1 and 140%, respectively. Under optimized conditions, Cu/Fe2O4 NPs showed high loading of laccase up to 285 mg/g of support and maximum RA of 140% at a pH 5.0 after 24 h of incubation (4°C). Immobilized laccase, as Cu/Fe2O4-laccase, had a higher optimum pH (4.0) and temperature (45°C) than those of a free enzyme. The pH and temperature profiles were significantly improved through immobilization. Cu/Fe2O4-laccase exhibited 25-fold higher thermal stability at 65°C and retained residual activity of 91.8% after 10 cycles of reuse. The degradation of bisphenols was 3.9-fold higher with Cu/Fe2O4-laccase than that with the free enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, Rhus vernicifera laccase immobilization on Cu or Cu/Fe2O4 NPs has not yet been reported. This investigation revealed that laccase immobilization on Cu/Fe2O4 NPs is desirable for efficient enzyme loading and high relative activity, with remarkable bisphenol A degradation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. S. Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vipin C. Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-3505 Fax: +82-2-458-3504 E-mail:
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17
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Yadav M, Kumar T, Maurya R, Pandey R, Chauhan NS. Characterization of Cellulomonas sp. HM71 as potential probiotic strain for human health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1082674. [PMID: 36710963 PMCID: PMC9880229 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1082674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulomonas sp. HM71, a human gut microbe possesses metabolic machinery to catabolize antigenic gluten, hence, holds promises as microbial therapy to treat gluten-derived celiac disease. However, its efficacy, safety, and survivability in the gastrointestinal ecosystem await functional elucidation. The current study is designed to characterize Cellulomonas sp. HM71 for its physiological, genomic, and probiotic properties. The morphological and physiological assessment indicates it as a coccus-shaped gram-positive bacterium growing optimally at 30°C in a neutral environment (pH 7.0). Cellulomonas sp. HM71 showed continuous growth even in stressful environments (salinity up to 3% NaCl and 6% KCl), variable temperature (25°C to 35°C) and pH (5-9), antibiotics, and gastric and intestinal conditions. The Cellulomonas sp. HM71 genome harbors diversified genetic machinery to modulate humongous metabolic potential for the host. This was substantiated by the hemolytic and CaCo-2 cell line assay which confirms its cellular adherence and biosafety. Notably, genome analysis did not identify any pathogenic islands. Probiotic characterization indicates its potential to overcome waterborne infections and digestion-related disorders. Cumulatively, Cellulomonas sp. HM71 can be considered a probiotic strain for improving human health because of the highlighted functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Ranjeet Maurya
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India,*Correspondence: Nar Singh Chauhan,
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18
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Functionalization Routes for Keratin from Poultry Industry Side-Streams-Towards Bio-Based Absorbent Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020351. [PMID: 36679232 PMCID: PMC9863878 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a largely available protein that can be obtained from the ca. 3 million tons of feathers that the European poultry industry produces as a side-stream. Here, the functionalization of keratin from poultry feathers was evaluated using a one- versus two-stage process using two functionalization agents (succinic anhydride-SA and ethylene dianhydride-EDTAD). The functionalization resulted in the keratin having improved liquid swelling capacities, reaching up to 400%, 300%, and 85% increase in water, saline, and blood, respectively, compared to non-functionalized keratin. The highest swelling was obtained for samples functionalized with EDTAD (one-stage process), while the highest saline uptake was noted for samples processed with 25 wt% SA (two-stage process). Swelling kinetics modeling indicated that the water uptake by the functionalized samples takes place in two steps, and the EDTAD samples showed the highest diffusivity. It is demonstrated that the one-stage functionalization of keratin utilizing EDTAD results in better performance than two-stages, which allows for resource-saving and, thereby, protecting the environment. The results show some potential for the keratin to be utilized as liquid absorbent materials in water, saline, and blood uptake applications. Using keratin from side-streams is an advantage from a sustainability perspective over biomacromolecules that need to be extracted from virgin biomass.
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19
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Biosynthesis of alkanes/alkenes from fatty acids or derivatives (triacylglycerols or fatty aldehydes). Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Basri RS, Rahman RNZRA, Kamarudin NHA, Latip W, Ali MSM. Characterization of Carboxylic Acid Reductase from Mycobacterium phlei Immobilized onto Seplite LX120. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204375. [PMID: 36297953 PMCID: PMC9609965 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-domain oxidoreductase, carboxylic acid reductase (CAR), can catalyze the one-step reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde. This study aimed to immobilize bacterial CAR from a moderate thermophile Mycobacterium phlei (MpCAR). It was the first work reported on immobilizing bacterial CAR onto a polymeric support, Seplite LX120, via simple adsorption. Immobilization time and protein load were optimized for MpCAR immobilization. The immobilized MpCAR showed optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 9. It was stable over a wide range of temperatures (10 to 100 °C) and pHs (4–11), retaining more than 50% of its activity. The immobilized MpCAR also showed stability in polar solvents. The adsorption of MpCAR onto the support was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The immobilized MpCAR could be stored for up to 6 weeks at 4 °C and 3 weeks at 25 °C. Immobilized MpCAR showed great operational stability, as 59.68% of its activity was preserved after 10 assay cycles. The immobilized MpCAR could also convert approximately 2.6 mM of benzoic acid to benzaldehyde at 60 °C. The successfully immobilized MpCAR on Seplite LX120 exhibited improved properties that benefit green industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Syuhada Basri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ahmad Kamarudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wahhida Latip
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Development of Bio-Based Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173599. [PMID: 36080674 PMCID: PMC9460684 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to find suitable biomaterials and procedures from alternative products able to imitate or even enhance the performance of currently used products has become an important focus of research today due to the depletion of non-renewable resources and the increasing concern related to climate change, sustainability and environmental preservation [...]
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22
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The structures and applications of microbial chondroitin AC lyase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:199. [PMID: 35996038 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
As an important glycosaminoglycan hydrolase, chondroitin lyases can hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate (CS) and release disaccharides and oligosaccharides. They are further divided into chondroitin AC, ABC, and B lyases according to their spatial structure and substrate specificity. Chondroitin AC lyase can hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A), chondroitin sulfate C (CS-C), and hyaluronic acid (HA), making it an essential biocatalyst for the preparation of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate, analysis of the structure of the chondroitin sulfate, treatment of spinal cord injury, and purification of heparin. This paper provides an overview of reported chondroitin AC lyases, including their properties and the challenges faced in industrial applications. Up to now, although many attempts have been adopted to improve the enzyme properties, the most important factors are still the low activity and stability. The relations between the stability of the enzyme and the spatial structure were also summarized and discussed. Also perspectives for remodeling the enzymes with protein engineering are included.
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23
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Optimization of Technological Parameters of the Process of Forming Therapeutic Biopolymer Nanofilled Films. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142413. [PMID: 35889643 PMCID: PMC9318775 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prospects of using biopolymer nano-containing films for wound healing were substantiated. The main components of biopolymer composites are gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, glycerin, lactic acid, distilled water, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). Biopolymer composites were produced according to various technological parameters using a mould with a chrome coating. The therapeutic properties of biopolymer films were evaluated by measuring the diameter of the protective effect. Physico-mechanical properties were studied: elasticity, vapour permeability, degradation time, and swelling. To study the influence of technological parameters of the formation process of therapeutic biopolymer nanofilled films on their therapeutic and physico-mechanical properties, the planning of the experiment was used. According to the results of the experiments, mathematical models of the second-order were built. The optimal values of technological parameters of the process are determined, which provide biopolymer nanofilled films with maximum healing ability (diameter of protective action) and sufficiently high physical and mechanical properties: elasticity, vapour permeability, degradation time and swelling. The research results showed that the healing properties of biopolymer films mainly depend on the content of ZnO NPs. Degradation of these biopolymer films provides dosed drug delivery to the affected area. The products of destruction are carbon dioxide, water, and a small amount of ZnO in the bound state, which indicates the environmental safety of the developed biopolymer film.
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