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Serairi L, Santillo C, Basset P, Lavorgna M, Pace G. Boosting Contact Electrification by Amorphous Polyvinyl Alcohol Endowing Improved Contact Adhesion and Electrochemical Capacitance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403366. [PMID: 38651355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion conductive hydrogels are relevant components in wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable electronics. Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) homopolymer is often the favored choice for integration into supercapacitors and energy harvesters as in sustainable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, to further improve hydrogel-based TENGs, a deeper understanding of the impact of their composition and structure on devices performance is necessary. Here, it is shown how ionic hydrogels based on an amorphous-PVA (a-PVA) allow to fabricate TENGs that outperform the one based on the homopolymer. When used as tribomaterial, the Li-doped a-PVA allows to achieve a twofold higher pressure sensitivity compared to PVA, and to develop a conformable e-skin. When used as an ionic conductor encased in an elastomeric tribomaterial, 100 mW cm-2 average power is obtained, providing 25% power increase compared to PVA. At the origin of such enhancement is the increased softness, stronger adhesive contact, higher ionic mobility (> 3,5-fold increase), and long-term stability achieved with Li-doped a-PVA. These improvements are attributed to the high density of hydroxyl groups and amorphous structure present in the a-PVA, enabling a strong binding to water molecules. This work discloses novel insights on those parameters allowing to develop easy-processable, stable, and highly conductive hydrogels for integration in conformable, soft, and biocompatible TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serairi
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESYCOM, Marne-la-Vallée, F-77454, France
| | - Chiara Santillo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Philippe Basset
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESYCOM, Marne-la-Vallée, F-77454, France
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Previati, 1/E, Lecco, 23900, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pace
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (IMM-CNR), Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate, 20864, Italy
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Qiu C, He M, Xu SF, Ali AM, Shen L, Wang JS. Self-adhesive, conductive, and multifunctional hybrid hydrogel for flexible/wearable electronics based on triboelectric and piezoresistive sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131825. [PMID: 38679271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics are highly developed nowadays in human-machine interfaces (HMI). However, challenges such as lack of flexibility, conductivity, and versatility always greatly hindered flexible electronics applications. In this work, a multifunctional hybrid hydrogel (H-hydrogel) was prepared by combining two kinds of 1D polymer chains (polyacrylamide and polydopamine) and two kinds of 2D nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx MXene and graphene oxide nanosheets) as quadruple crosslinkers. The introduced Ti3C2Tx MXene and graphene oxide nanosheets are bonded with the PAM and PDA polymer chains by hydrogen bonds. This unique crosslinking and stable structure endow the H-hydrogel with advantages such as good flexibility, electrical conductivity, self-adhesion, and mechanical robustness. The two kinds of nanosheets not only improved the mechanical strength and conductivity of the H-hydrogel, but also helped to form the double electric layers (DELs) between the nanosheets and the bulk-free water phase inside the H-hydrogel. When utilized as the electrode of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), high electrical output performances were realized due to the dynamic balance of the DELs between the nanosheets and the H-hydrogel's inside water molecules. Moreover, flexible sensors, including triboelectric, and strain/pressure sensors, were achieved for human motion detection at low frequencies. This hydrogel is promising for HMI and e-skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Shi-Feng Xu
- College of Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110136, China
| | - Aasi Mohammad Ali
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Jia-Shi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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Lu P, Liao X, Guo X, Cai C, Liu Y, Chi M, Du G, Wei Z, Meng X, Nie S. Gel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Flexible Sensing: Principles, Properties, and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:206. [PMID: 38819527 PMCID: PMC11143175 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technologies has increased the need for wearable, portable, and self-powered flexible sensing devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on gel materials (with excellent conductivity, mechanical tunability, environmental adaptability, and biocompatibility) are considered an advanced approach for developing a new generation of flexible sensors. This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in gel-based TENGs for flexible sensors, covering their principles, properties, and applications. Based on the development requirements for flexible sensors, the working mechanism of gel-based TENGs and the characteristic advantages of gels are introduced. Design strategies for the performance optimization of hydrogel-, organogel-, and aerogel-based TENGs are systematically summarized. In addition, the applications of gel-based TENGs in human motion sensing, tactile sensing, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, human-machine interaction, and other related fields are summarized. Finally, the challenges of gel-based TENGs for flexible sensing are discussed, and feasible strategies are proposed to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Guo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Du
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Wei
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjiang Meng
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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A “Square Box”-Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Road Transportation Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132695. [PMID: 35808740 PMCID: PMC9269096 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the transportation of products has become more and more frequent. However, how to monitor the situation of products effectively and conveniently during road transportation is a long-standing problem. In order to meet this problem in practical applications, we fabricated a triboelectric nanogenerator sensor with a “square box” structure (S-TENG) for detecting the vibration suffered by vehicles. Specifically, with the spring installed in the S-TENG as a trigger, the two friction layers can contact and then separate to generate the real-time electrical signals when the S-TENG receives external excitation. The output voltage signals of the S-TENG under different vibration states were tested and the results demonstrated that the peak and zero positions of the open-circuit voltage–output curve are related to amplitude and frequency, respectively. In addition, the subsequent simulation results, obtained by ANSYS and COMSOL software, were highly consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, we built a platform to simulate the scene of the car passing through speed bumps, and the difference in height and the number of speed bumps were significantly distinguished according to the output voltage signals. Therefore, the S-TENG has broad application prospects in road transportation.
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