1
|
Ma Y, Zhao Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang B, Luo Y. Hydroborative Depolymerization of Polyesters and Polycarbonates to Diols Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Lanthanum Materials La(CH 2C 6H 4NMe 2- o) 3@SBA-15. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39235131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemical recycling is a promising strategy to establish a circular plastic economy, and it is still in an early stage of development. In this work, the reductive depolymerization of polyesters and polycarbonates into their corresponding borylated alcohols promoted by heterogeneous lanthanum materials was described. Grafting the easily accessible lanthanum tris(aminobenzyl) complex La(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)3 (1) onto the partially dehydroxylated silica support SBA-15 (SBA-15500 or SBA-15700) gave the inorganic-organic hybrid materials 1@SBA-15500 and 1@SBA-15700. These hybrid lanthanum materials, in combination with pinacolborane (HBpin), could serve as highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the selective depolymerization of aliphatic and aromatic polyesters, as well as polycarbonates into their corresponding borylated diols through a hydroboration reaction under mild conditions. The lanthanum materials exhibited a practical application in plastic waste recycling for their easy preparation, high catalytic efficiency, and recyclable property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zheyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Ningbo Polytechnic, Ningbo 315800, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Ningbo Tianli Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315200, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clark R, Shaver MP. Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2617-2650. [PMID: 38386877 PMCID: PMC10941197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness with which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but the linearity of plastics puts the climate, human health, and global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental to transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers a route to virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, chemical depolymerization exists in a complex and interlinked system of end-of-life fates, with the complementarity of each approach key to environmental, economic, and societal sustainability. This review explores the recent progress made into the depolymerization of five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, and polyurethanes. Attention is paid not only to the catalytic technologies used to enhance depolymerization efficiencies but also to the interrelationship with other recycling technologies and to the systemic constraints imposed by a global economy. Novel polymers, designed for chemical depolymerization, are also concisely reviewed in terms of their underlying chemistry and potential for integration with current plastic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie
A. Clark
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Donnakatte Neelalochana V, Tomasino E, Di Maggio R, Cotini O, Scardi P, Mammi S, Ataollahi N. Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Chemical Modification of Recycled PET Bottles. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:7548-7561. [PMID: 37705716 PMCID: PMC10496110 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an innovative and effective solution for recycling PET bottles as raw for producing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for electrochemical applications. This approach reduces the demand for pristine materials, a key principle of the circular economy and sustainability. PET was subjected to chemical modification by introducing cationic functional groups followed by methylation and OH- exchange process. The amination synthesis was optimized based on reaction time. The results indicate that ion exchange capacity, water uptake, and swelling ratio properties mainly depend on the degree of cationic functionalization. The optimized AEM exhibits ionic conductivity of 5.3 × 10-2 S·cm-1 and alkaline stability of 432 h in 1 M KOH at 80 °C. The membrane properties before and after the alkaline treatment were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Computational chemistry analysis was employed to gain further insights into the membrane degradation mechanisms and pathways under alkaline conditions. This research and its findings are a step toward using recycled materials in the field of AEM technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Tomasino
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Maggio
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Oscar Cotini
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Scardi
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Narges Ataollahi
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gangaraju D, Shanmugharaj AM, Sridhar V. Graphene Oxide Facilitates Transformation of Waste PET into MOF Nanorods in Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112479. [PMID: 37299279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although though ionic liquids (IL) are rapidly emerging as highly efficient reagents for the depolymerization of waste plastics, their high cost and adverse impact on the environment make the overall process not only expensive but also environmentally harmful. In this manuscript, we report that graphene oxide (GO) facilitates the transformation of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to Ni-MOF (metal organic framework) nanorods anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Ni-MOF@rGO) through NMP (N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone)-based coordination in ionic liquids. Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed mesoporous three-dimensional structures of micrometer-long Ni-MOF nanorods anchored on reduced graphene substrates (Ni-MOF@rGO ), whereas structural studies using XRD and Raman spectra demonstrated the crystallinity of Ni-MOF nanorods. Chemical analysis of Ni-MOF@rGO carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that nickel moieties exist in an electroactive OH-Ni-OH state, which was further confirmed by nanoscale elemental maps recorded using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The applicability of Ni-MOF@rGO as an electro-catalyst in a urea-enhanced water oxidation reaction (UOR) is reported. Furthermore, the ability of our newly developed NMP-based IL to grow MOF nanocubes on carbon nanotubes and MOF nano-islands on carbon fibers is also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gangaraju
- Centre for Energy and Alternative Fuels, Department of Chemistry, VELS Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Andikkadu Masilamani Shanmugharaj
- Centre for Energy and Alternative Fuels, Department of Chemistry, VELS Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai 600117, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vadahanambi Sridhar
- Global Core Research Centre for Ships and Offshore Plants (GCRC-SOP), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mudondo J, Lee HS, Jeong Y, Kim TH, Kim S, Sung BH, Park SH, Park K, Cha HG, Yeon YJ, Kim HT. Recent Advances in the Chemobiological Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) into Value-Added Chemicals. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1-14. [PMID: 36451300 PMCID: PMC9895998 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2208.08048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a plastic material commonly applied to beverage packaging used in everyday life. Owing to PET's versatility and ease of use, its consumption has continuously increased, resulting in considerable waste generation. Several physical and chemical recycling processes have been developed to address this problem. Recently, biological upcycling is being actively studied and has come to be regarded as a powerful technology for overcoming the economic issues associated with conventional recycling methods. For upcycling, PET should be degraded into small molecules, such as terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, which are utilized as substrates for bioconversion, through various degradation processes, including gasification, pyrolysis, and chemical/biological depolymerization. Furthermore, biological upcycling methods have been applied to biosynthesize value-added chemicals, such as adipic acid, muconic acid, catechol, vanillin, and glycolic acid. In this review, we introduce and discuss various degradation methods that yield substrates for bioconversion and biological upcycling processes to produce value-added biochemicals. These technologies encourage a circular economy, which reduces the amount of waste released into the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Mudondo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe-Suk Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gil Cha
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.G. Cha Phone: +82-52-241-6317 Fax: +82-52-241-6349 E-mail:
| | - Young Joo Yeon
- Department of Biochemical Engineering Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Y.J. Yeon Phone: +82-33-640-2401 Fax: +82-33-640-2410 E-mail:
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea,H.T. Kim Phone: +82-42-821-6722 Fax:+82-42-821-8785 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Li S, Huang H, Liu B, Gao L, Qu M, Wei Y, Wei J. Preparation of Carbon Dots from PET Waste by One-step Hydrothermal Method and its Application in Light Blocking Films and LEDs. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-022-03132-9. [PMID: 36637778 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly PET-based Carbon Dots (PET-CDs) with excellent fluorescence properties were prepared with waste PET bottle, pyromellitic acid and ammonia water as raw materials by one-step hydrothermal method. The preparation mechanism of PET-CDs was as follows: PET first underwent ammonolysis reaction to produce terephthalic acid diamide and ethylene glycol, and then dehydrated and carbonized with pyromellitic acid to form PET-CDs. The as-prepared PET-CDs exhibit excitation-independent emission properties in the range from 340 to 440 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield is as high as 87.36%. In terms of structure, PET-CDs is a spherical structure with an average particle size of 2.0 nm, and its surface contains carboxyl and amino groups. The PET-CDs were dispersed in a PVA matrix to obtain an light blocking films(LBFs) for 250-450 nm light with excellent properties, and its transparency for 450-700 nm light is good. In addition, PET-CDs was used in the fields of LED, and it was found that the color coordinate for the LED assembled with PET-CDs and 395 nm LED chips is (0.55, 0.44) and the correlated color temperature is 2018 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shumiao Li
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjiang Huang
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Botong Liu
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Meiru Qu
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Wei
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Wei
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nano Fiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An Environmentally-Friendly Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Verification Technique for Plastic Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152996. [PMID: 35893960 PMCID: PMC9330585 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic components play a significant role in conserving and saving energy. Plastic products provide some advantages over metal, including reducing part weight, manufacturing costs, and waste, and increasing corrosion resistance. Environmental sustainability is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Currently, the non-contact computer-aided verification method is frequently employed in the plastic industry due to its high measurement efficiency compared with the conventional contact measuring method. In this study, we proposed an innovative, green three-dimensional (3D) optical inspection technology, which can perform precise 3D optical inspection without spraying anything on the component surface. We carried out the feasibility experiments using two plastic parts with complex geometric shapes under eight different proposed measurement strategies that can be adjusted according to the software interface. We studied and analyzed the differences in 3D optical inspection for building an empirical technical database. Our aim in this study is to propose a technical database for 3D optical measurements of an object without spraying anything to the component’s surface. We found that the research results fulfilled the requirements of the SDGs. Our research results have industrial applicability and practical value because the dimensional average error of the two plastic parts has been controlled at approximately 3 µm and 4.7 µm.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chistyakov E, Yudaev P, Nelyubina Y. Crystallization of Nano-Sized Macromolecules by the Example of Hexakis-[4-{(N-Allylimino)methyl}phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132268. [PMID: 35808103 PMCID: PMC9268015 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesized compound was characterized by 31P, 13C, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. According to DSC data, the compound was initially crystalline, but the crystal structure was defective. The crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction study were prepared by slow precipitation of the compound from a solution by a vapor of another solvent. A study of the single crystal obtained in this way demonstrated that the phosphazene ring has a flattened chair conformation. It was found that the sphere circumscribed around the compound molecule has a diameter of 2.382 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Chistyakov
- Department of Chemical Technology of Polymers, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel Yudaev
- Department of Chemical Technology of Polymers, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia Nelyubina
- Center for Molecular Composition Studies, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS), 28 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|