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Nakonieczny DS, Antonowicz M, SimhaMartynkova G, Kern F, Pazourková L, Erfurt K, Hüpsch M. PA-12-Zirconia-Alumina-Cenospheres 3D Printed Composites: Accelerated Ageing and Role of the Sterilisation Process for Physicochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153152. [PMID: 35956670 PMCID: PMC9370858 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct artificial ageing tests on polymer-ceramic composites prepared from polyamide PA-12 polymer matrix for medical applications and three different variants of ceramic fillers: zirconia, alumina and cenospheres. Before ageing, the samples were subjected to ethyl oxide sterilization. The composite variants were prepared for 3D printing using the fused deposition modeling method. The control group consisted of unsterilized samples. Samples were subjected to artificial ageing in a high-pressure autoclave. Ageing conditions were calculated from the modified Hammerlich Arrhenius kinetic equation. Ageing was carried out in artificial saliva. After ageing the composites were subjected to mechanical (tensile strength, hardness, surface roughness) testing, chemical and structural (MS, FTIR) analysis, electron microscopy observations (SEM/EDS) and absorbability measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian S. Nakonieczny
- Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708733 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.A.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-791-515-766
| | - Magdalena Antonowicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Gražyna SimhaMartynkova
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708733 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
| | - Frank Kern
- Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Lenka Pazourková
- IT4 Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15, 708733 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Michał Hüpsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.A.); (M.H.)
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