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Turac IR, Porfire A, Iurian S, Crișan AG, Casian T, Iovanov R, Tomuță I. Expanding the Manufacturing Approaches for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems with 3D Printing Technology. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:790. [PMID: 38931911 PMCID: PMC11207633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDSs) have gained substantial attention in the last 20 years due to their ability to retain the drug in the stomach for an extended time, thus promoting an extended release and high bioavailability for a broad range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are pH-sensitive and/or have a narrow absorption window. The currently existing GRDDSs include floating, expanding, mucoadhesive, magnetic, raft-forming, ion-exchanging, and high-density systems. Although there are seven types of systems, the main focus is on floating, expanding, and mucoadhesive systems produced by various techniques, 3D printing being one of the most revolutionary and currently studied ones. This review assesses the newest production technologies and briefly describes the in vitro and in vivo evaluation methods, with the aim of providing a better overall understanding of GRDDSs as a novel emerging strategy for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-R.T.); (S.I.); (A.G.C.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (I.T.)
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Munusamy R, Shanmugasundharam S. Enhanced gastric residence time of acyclovir by floating raft formulation using box-behnken design. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24301. [PMID: 38293518 PMCID: PMC10825352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This research paper reports enhancing Acyclovir's gastric residence time by implementing a raft-forming drug delivery system. Because acyclovir is a narrow absorption window drug, it has a poor bioavailability of 10-20 % and a short half-life (t1/2) of 2.5 h. The guar gum and GMS-based floating raft formulation retain the drug in the stomach for an extended period by enhancing GRT. The Box-Behnken design is used to optimize the amount of guar gum, glyceryl monostearate, and calcium carbonate and to study how they affect the in vitro gelation time, viscosity, and in vitro drug release. The ratio of drug and excipients in guar gum (1:0.5), GMS (1:1.25) based FRF suspension containing sodium citrate (0.25 %), carbopol (0.1 %), and calcium carbonate (1:1.5). Seventeen runs were developed through the Box-Behnken design to study all the optimal interactions between variables and responses through a polynomial equation. The optimized formulation is then characterized using various physicochemical tests such as rheological analysis, in vitro drug release, kinetic drug release, and in vitro permeation studies. The in vitro gelation time, viscosity, and in vitro drug release time of optimized FRF are 12 s, 1090 cps, and 88 % at 24 h, respectively. The flux and permeability coefficient of the optimized batch have a higher value indicating higher permeability of acyclovir. The FRF follows non-fickian diffusion as a drug release mechanism. The results show that the raft-forming drug delivery system significantly enhances the absorption of Acyclovir by prolonging drug release and also improving its gastric residence time in the stomach. This research contributes to the field of drug delivery systems by providing a novel approach for improving the therapeutic efficacy of acyclovir and potentially other drugs with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, India
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Munusamy R, Shanmugasundharam S. Improved gastric residence time of famotidine by raft-forming drug delivery system using DOE. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241249429. [PMID: 38721971 PMCID: PMC11084990 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241249429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the raft-forming suspension of famotidine as an anti-reflux formulation to improve the oral bioavailability of narrow absorption window drugs by enhancing gastric residence time (GRT) and preventing gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHOD Various combinations of raft-forming agents, such as Tragacanth gum (TG), guar gum (GG), and xanthan gum (XG), were evaluated alongside sodium alginate (SA) to develop an effective raft. Preformulation studies and preliminary screening were conducted to identify the most suitable raft-forming agent, and GG was chosen due to its mucilaginous properties. The formulation was optimized using a 32 full factorial design, with the quantities of GG and SA as independent factors and apparent viscosity and in-vitro drug release (%) as dependent factors. The in vivo floating behavior study was performed for optimized and stabilized formulation. RESULTS Among the tested batches, F6 was selected as the optimized formulation. It exhibited desirable characteristics such as adequate raft weight for extended floating in gastric fluid, improved apparent viscosity, and a significant percentage of drug release at 12 h. A mathematical model was applied to the in-vitro data to gain insights into the drug release mechanism of the formulation. The stability of the suspension was assessed under accelerated conditions, and it demonstrated satisfactory stability. The formulation remains floating in the Rabbit stomach for more than 12 h. CONCLUSION It concludes that the developed formulation has enhanced bioavailability in the combination of GG and SA. The floating layer of the raft prevents acid reflux, and the famotidine is retained for an extended period of time in the gastric region, preventing excess acid secretion. The developed formulations are effective for stomach ulcers and GERD, with the effect of reducing acid secretion by H2 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, India
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Kalaria VJ, Saisivam S, Alshishani A, Aljariri Alhesan JS, Chakraborty S, Rahamathulla M. Design and evaluation of in situ gel eye drops containing nanoparticles of Gemifloxacin Mesylate. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2185180. [PMID: 36876464 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2185180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional eye drops used for topically administering drugs have poor ocular bioavailability due to the biological barriers of the eye. There is an interest to design and develop novel drug delivery systems that would extend the precorneal residence time, reduce the frequency of administration and decrease dose-related toxicity. This study aimed to prepare Nanoparticles of Gemifloxacin Mesylate and incorporate them into an in situ gel. The nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation technique, using 32 factorial design. Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was used to crosslink Chitosan. The optimized formulation of the nanoparticles (GF4) contained 0.15% Gemifloxacin Mesylate, 0.15% Chitosan and 0.20% STPP, producing 71 nm particle size and 81.11% entrapment efficiency. The prepared nanoparticles showed biphasic release, with an initial burst release of 15% in 1.0 hr and a cumulative drug release of 90.53% at the end of 24 hrs. After that, the prepared nanoparticles were incorporated into an in situ gel, using Poloxamer 407, producing a sustained drug release with efficient antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as confirmed by the cup plate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa J Kalaria
- N. R. Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - S Saisivam
- N. R. Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Sumit Chakraborty
- N. R. Vekaria Institute of Pharmacy affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Abu Lila AS, Bhattacharya R, Moin A, Al Hagbani T, Abdallah MH, Danish Rizvi SM, Khafagy ES, Hussain T, Gangadharappa HV. Dual targeting multiwalled carbon nanotubes for improved neratinib delivery in breast cancer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24309-24318. [PMID: 37583664 PMCID: PMC10424192 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04732f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop biotinylated chitosan (Bio-Chi) decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for breast cancer therapy with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib (NT). For achieving such a purpose, carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) were initially decorated non-covalently with biotin-chitosan (Bio-Chi) coating for achieving a dual targeting mode; pH-dependent release with chitosan and biotin-receptor mediated active targeting with biotin. Afterwards, Bio-Chi decorated c-MWCNTs were loaded with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, neratinib (NT). The formulation was then characterized by dynamic light scattering, FTIR and EDX. The drug loading efficiency was estimated to be 95.6 ± 1.2%. In vitro drug release studies revealed a pH-dependent release of NT from Bio-Chi decorated c-MWCNTs, with a higher drug release under acidic pH conditions. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxicity assay of different NT formulations disclosed dose-dependent cytotoxicities against SkBr3 cell line, with a superior cytotoxicity observed with NT-loaded Bio-Chi-coated c-MWCNTs, compared to either free NT or NT-loaded naked c-MWCNTs. The IC50 values for free NT, NT-loaded c-MWCNTs and NT-loaded Bio-Chi-coated c-MWCNTs were 548.43 ± 23.1 μg mL-1, 319.55 ± 17.9 μg mL-1, and 257.75 ± 24.5 μg mL-1, respectively. Interestingly, competitive cellular uptake studies revealed that surface decoration of drug-loaded c-MWCNTs with Bio-Chi permitted an enhanced uptake of c-MWCNTs by breast cancer cells, presumably, via biotin receptors-mediated endocytosis. To sum up, Bio-Chi-decorated c-MWCNTs might be a promising delivery vehicle for mediating cell-specific drug delivery to breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Rohini Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru 570015 India
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Helmy Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il Ha'il 81442 Saudi Arabia
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Viswanadhan Vasantha P, Sherafudeen SP, Rahamathulla M, Mathew ST, Murali S, Alshehri S, Shakeel F, Alam P, Sirhan AY, Narayana Iyer BA. Combination of Cellulose Derivatives and Chitosan-Based Polymers to Investigate the Effect of Permeation Enhancers Added to In Situ Nasal Gels for the Controlled Release of Loratadine and Chlorpheniramine. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051206. [PMID: 36904447 PMCID: PMC10006938 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to develop and assess mucoadhesive in situ nasal gel formulations of loratadine and chlorpheniramine maleate to advance the bioavailability of the drug as compared to its conventional dosage forms. The influence of various permeation enhancers, such as EDTA (0.2% w/v), sodium taurocholate (0.5% w/v), oleic acid (5% w/v), and Pluronic F 127 (10% w/v), on the nasal absorption of loratadine and chlorpheniramine from in situ nasal gels containing different polymeric combinations, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Carbopol 934, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and chitosan, is studied. Among these permeation enhancers, sodium taurocholate, Pluronic F127 and oleic acid produced a noticeable increase in the loratadine in situ nasal gel flux compared with in situ nasal gels without permeation enhancer. However, EDTA increased the flux slightly, and in most cases, the increase was insignificant. However, in the case of chlorpheniramine maleate in situ nasal gels, the permeation enhancer oleic acid only showed a noticeable increase in flux. Sodium taurocholate and oleic acid seems to be a better and efficient enhancer, enhancing the flux > 5-fold compared with in situ nasal gels without permeation enhancer in loratadine in situ nasal gels. Pluronic F127 also showed a better permeation, increasing the effect by >2-fold in loratadine in situ nasal gels. In chlorpheniramine maleate in situ nasal gels with EDTA, sodium taurocholate and Pluronic F127 were equally effective, enhancing chlorpheniramine maleate permeation. Oleic acid has a better effect as permeation enhancer in chlorpheniramine maleate in situ nasal gels and showed a maximum permeation enhancement of >2-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Viswanadhan Vasantha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mount Zion College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Chayalode P.O. Ezhamkulam, Pathanamthitta Dist, Adoor 691556, India
- Correspondence: (P.V.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Sheri Peedikayil Sherafudeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mar Discorous College of Pharmacy, Alathara, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram Dist, Thiruvananthapuram 695017, India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al Faraa, P.O. Box 62223, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (P.V.V.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Sandhya Murali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mount Zion College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Chayalode P.O. Ezhamkulam, Pathanamthitta Dist, Adoor 691556, India
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bhageerathy Anantha Narayana Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Mount Zion College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Chayalode P.O. Ezhamkulam, Pathanamthitta Dist, Adoor 691556, India
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Pintea A, Vlad RA, Antonoaea P, Rédai EM, Todoran N, Barabás EC, Ciurba A. Structural Characterization and Optimization of a Miconazole Oral Gel. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225011. [PMID: 36433136 PMCID: PMC9692734 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of semisolid formulations, gels in particular, has raised the attention of scientists more and more over the last decades. Because of their biocompatibility, hydrophilic nature, and capacity of absorbing large quantities of water, hydrogels are still one of the most promising pharmaceutical formulations in the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study is to develop an optimal formulation capable of incorporating a water-poorly soluble active ingredient such as miconazole used in the treatment of fungal infections with Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. A D-optimal design was applied to study the relationship between the formulation parameter and the gel characteristics. The independent parameters used in this study were the Carbopol 940 concentration (the polymer used to obtain the gel matrix), the sodium hydroxide amount, and the presence/absence of miconazole. Ten different dependent parameters (Y1-Y10) were evaluated (penetrometry, spreadability, viscosity, and tangential tension at 1 and 11 levels of speed whilst destructuring and during the reorganization of the gel matrix). The consistency of the gels ranged from 23.2 mm (GO2) to 29.6 mm (GM5). The least spreadable gel was GO7 (1384 mm2), whilst the gel that presented the best spreadability was GO1 (3525 mm2). The viscosity and the tangential stress at the selected levels (1 and 11) varied due to the different compositions of the proposed gels. The gels were also tested for drug content and antifungal activity. All determinations had satisfying results; the drug content was within limits accepted by Ph. Eur. 10 and all formulations containing miconazole exhibited antifungal activity. An optimal formulation with miconazole was attained, consisting of 0.84% Carbopol 940 and 0.32% sodium hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Pintea
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Robert-Alexandru Vlad
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Paula Antonoaea
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Emöke Margit Rédai
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Todoran
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Enikő-Csilla Barabás
- Cellular Biology and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mures, County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adriana Ciurba
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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