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Morya R, Andrianantenaina FH, Pandey AK, Yoon YH, Kim SH. Polyhydroxyalkanoate production from rice straw hydrolysate: Insights into feast-famine dynamics and microbial community shifts. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139967. [PMID: 37634586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge contains a versatile microbiome capable of converting wastes into valuable chemicals like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). This study investigated the influence of repeated feast and famine phases on PHA production as well as the corresponding microbial population dynamics using waste activated sludge (WAS) as inoculum. Hydrolysate derived from rice straw was employed as a substrate for PHA production. The 16sRNA analysis results revealed that Corynebacteriaceae (40%), Bacillaceae (23%), and Pseudomonas (5%) were the primary contributors to PHA synthesis. Notably, Bacillaceae and Pseudomonas thrived in all the feast and famine phases. The achieved PHA concentration was 3.5 ± 0.2 g/L, and its structure and composition were assessed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The analysis revealed that the PHA consists of a copolymer of hydroxybutyrate (HB) and hydroxyvalerate (HV), specifically identified as Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Morya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hye Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Rofeal M, Abdelmalek F, Pietrasik J. Sustainable Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production from Food Waste via Bacillus mycoides ICRI89: Enhanced 3D Printing with Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4173. [PMID: 37896417 PMCID: PMC10610804 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of implementing green technologies for bioplastic turning polices, novel durable feedstock for Bacillus mycoides ICRI89 used for efficient polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) generation is proposed herein. First, two food waste (FW) pretreatment methods were compared, where the ultrasonication approach for 7 min was effective in easing the following enzymatic action. After treatment with a mixture of cellulase/amylases, an impressive 25.3 ± 0.22 g/L of glucose was liberated per 50 g of FW. Furthermore, a notable 2.11 ± 0.06 g/L PHB and 3.56 ± 0.11 g/L cell dry eight (CDW) over 120 h were generated, representing a productivity percentage of 59.3 wt% using 25% FW hydrolysate. The blend of polyhydroxybutyrate/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PHB/PMMA = 1:2) possessed the most satisfactory mechanical properties. For the first time, PHB was chemically crosslinked with PMMA using dicumyl peroxide (DCP), where a concentration of 0.3 wt% had a considerable effect on increasing the mechanical stability of the blend. FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular interaction between PHB and PMMA showing a modest expansion of the C=O stretching vibration at 1725 cm-1. The DCP-PHB/PMMA blend had significant thermal stability and biodegradation profiles comparable to those of the main constituent polymers. More importantly, a 3-Dimetional (3D) filament was successfully extruded with a diameter of 1.75 mm, where no blockages or air bubbles were noticed via SEM. A new PHB/PMMA "key of life" 3D model has been printed with a filling percentage of 60% and a short printing time of 19.2 min. To conclude, high-performance polymeric 3D models have been fabricated to meet the pressing demands for future applications of sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rofeal
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fady Abdelmalek
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
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Rofeal M, Abdelmalek F, Pietrasik J, Steinbüchel A. A comparative study between two carboxymethylated polysaccharides/protein electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels constructed for caffeic acid and eugenol delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125585. [PMID: 37379949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In response to the pressing demand for functional nanomaterials synthesis and applications, two polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) [electrostatic and cross-linked nanogels (NGs)] loaded individually with caffeic acid (CafA) and eugenol (Eug) demonstrating multifunctionalities were proposed for the first time. Curdlan (Curd) and glucomannan (GM) were carboxymethylated (CMCurd and CMGM) successfully and polymeric ratios of 1:1 and 4:1 (v/v) for chitosan (Cs): CMCurd and lactoferrin (Lf): CMGM were selected for the synthesis of Cs/CMCurd and Lf/CMGM NGs. Due to the use of EDC/NHS, Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs possessed very uniform particles sizes of 177 ± 18 and 230 ± 17 nm with marked encapsulation efficiencies (EEs) of 76 ± 4 and 88 ± 3 %, respectively. The formation of a carbonyl-amide linkage in both cross-linked NGs was confirmed by FTIR. It should be noted, the self-assembly was not reliable in retaining enough of the encapsulated compounds. Owing to the excellent physicochemical characteristics of the loaded cross-linked NGs, they were prioritized over the electrostatic ones. Both Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs exhibited high colloidal stability over 12 weeks, elevated hemocompatibility, and in vitro serum stability. The generated NGs were also tailored to possess controlled release profiles for CafA and Eug over 72 h. Cs/CMCurd/CafA and Lf/CMGM/Eug NGs had promising antioxidant efficacies and could remarkably inhibit 4 bacterial pathogens at low 2-16 μg/mL concentration of encapsulated NGs compared to their unencapsulated counterparts. Interestingly, the respective NGs could significantly decline the IC50 against colorectal cancer HCT-116 than conventional drugs. Based on these data, it was conferred that the investigated NGs could be promising candidates for functional foods and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rofeal
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Fady Abdelmalek
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
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Bhende PP, Chauhan R, Waigaonkar S, Bragança JM, Ganguly A. Composites of Bacillus megaterium H16 derived poly-3-hydroxybutyrate as a biomaterial for skin tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125355. [PMID: 37327940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Composite films of Bacillus megaterium H16 derived PHB with 1%Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), 1%Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), and 0.3 % graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were produced by solvent cast method. The composite films were characterized by SEM, DSC-TGA, XRD, and ATR-FTIR. The ultrastructure of PHB and its composites depicted an irregular surface morphology with pores after the evaporation of chloroform. The GNPs were seen to be integrated inside the pores. The B. megaterium H16 derived-PHB and its composites demonstrated good biocompatibility which was evaluated in vitro on HaCaT and L929 cells by MTT assay. The cell viability was best for PHB followed by PHB/PLLA/PCL > PHB/PLLA/GNP > PHB/PLLA. PHB and its composites were highly hemocompatible as it resulted in <1 % hemolysis. The PHB/PLLA/PCL and PHB/PLLA/GNP composites can serve as ideal biomaterials for skin tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Praveen Bhende
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Rashmi Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Sachin Waigaonkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Judith M Bragança
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Anasuya Ganguly
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
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Abdelmalek F, Rofeal M, Pietrasik J, Steinbüchel A. Novel Biodegradable Nanoparticulate Chain-End Functionalized Polyhydroxybutyrate-Caffeic Acid with Multifunctionalities for Active Food Coatings. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:7123-7135. [PMID: 37180027 PMCID: PMC10171369 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivities of polyhydroxyalkanoates have been curtailed owing to the lack of bioactive functional groups in their backbones. In this regard, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from new locally isolated Bacillus nealsonii ICRI16 was chemically modified for enhancing its functionality, stability as well as solubility. First, PHB was transformed to PHB-diethanolamine (PHB-DEA) by transamination. Subsequently, for the first time, the chain ends of the polymer were substituted by caffeic acid molecules (CafA), generating novel PHB-DEA-CafA. The chemical structure of such a polymer was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The modified polyester demonstrated improved thermal behavior compared to PHB-DEA as was shown by thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Interestingly, 65% of PHB-DEA-CafA was biodegraded in a clay soil environment after 60 days at 25 °C, while 50% of PHB was degraded within the same period. On another avenue, PHB-DEA-CafA nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared with an impressive mean particle size of 223 ± 0.12 nm and high colloidal stability. The nanoparticulate polyester had powerful antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 32.2 mg/mL, which was the result of CafA loading in the polymer chain. More importantly, the NPs had a considerable effect on the bacterial behavior of four food pathogens, inhibiting 98 ± 0.12% of Listeria monocytogenes DSM 19094 after 48 h of exposure. Finally, the raw polish sausage coated with NPs had a significantly lower bacterial count of 2.11 ± 0.21 log cfu/g in comparison to other groups. When all these positive features are recognized, the polyester described herein could be considered as a good candidate for commercial active food coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Abdelmalek
- International
Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Marian Rofeal
- International
Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz 90-537, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International
Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz 90-924, Poland
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Bhatia SK. Microbial Biopolymers: Trends in Synthesis, Modification, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061364. [PMID: 36987144 PMCID: PMC10051619 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes can act as a factory for the conversion of a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources into diverse kinds of intracellular and extracellular biopolymers, including polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), under different stress conditions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Schmid PJ, Maitz S, Plank N, Knaipp E, Pölzl S, Kittinger C. Fiber-based food packaging materials in view of bacterial growth and survival capacities. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1099906. [PMID: 36778857 PMCID: PMC9909220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1099906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding interactions of bacteria with fiber-based packaging materials is fundamental for appropriate food packaging. We propose a laboratory model to evaluate microbial growth and survival in liquid media solely consisting of packaging materials with different fiber types. We evaluated food contaminating species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus), two packaging material isolates and bacterial endospores for their growth abilities. Growth capacities differed substantially between the samples as well as between bacterial strains. Growth and survival were strongest for the packaging material entirely made of recycled fibers (secondary food packaging) with up to 10.8 log10 CFU/ml for the packaging isolates. Among the food contaminating species, B. cereus and E. coli could grow in the sample of entirely recycled fibers with maxima of 6.1 log10 and 8.6 log10 CFU/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli was the only species that was able to grow in bleached fresh fibers up to 7.0 log10 CFU/mL. Staphylococcus aureus perished in all samples and was undetectable after 1-6 days after inoculation, depending on the sample. The packaging material strains were isolated from recycled fibers and could grow only in samples containing recycled fibers, indicating an adaption to this environment. Spores germinated only in the completely recycled sample. Additionally, microbial digestion of cellulose and xylan might not be a crucial factor for growth. This is the first study describing bacterial growth in food packaging materials itself and proposing functionalization strategies toward active food packaging through pH-lowering.
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Sustainable curdlan biosynthesis by Rahnella variigena ICRI91 via alkaline hydrolysis of Musa sapientum peels and its edible, active and modified hydrogel for Quercetin controlled release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:416-429. [PMID: 36375664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high demand for curdlan (Curd), its industrial implementation has not reached a mature stage due to the high cost of simple sugar feed stocks. Herein, Musa sapientum peels hydrolysate (MPH) was proposed for the first time as a sustainable medium for Curd generation and as an ameliorated functional biomaterial for quercetin (Quer) sustained release. In this study, banana peels have been hydrolysed by 3 % NaOH catalyst/ 60 °C, yielding high concentration of glucose 20.5 ± 0.04 and 24.3 ± 0.11 g/L and reducing sugar amount, respectively. Meanwhile, a novel local Rahnella variigena ICRI91 strain was isolated from soil, that was useful for Curd production and identified by 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, three-batch fermentation models were carried out using MPH for obtaining a sufficient yield of Curd. R. variigena ICRI91 accumulated a satisfactory Curd concentration; 10.3 ± 0.25 g/L; using 60 g/L MPH. On the other hand, the strain produced an impressive Curd yield; 21.5 ± 0.13 g/L with an attained productivity of 0.179 ± 0.01 g/L/h and a sugar consumption of 68 ± 0.25 % as the MPH content increased to 100 g/L. For the first time, Curd hydrogel was modified by different amount of Xylitol (Xyl), reaching good mechanical performance; 3.1 MPa and 75 % for tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB), respectively. Curd/Xyl (3/5) hydrogel was then integrated with nanometer-sized quercetin nanocrystals (Quer NCs, 83 ± 0.12 nm) with high colloidal stability of -23 ± 0.05 mV. The interconnected H- bonding between Xyl and Curd was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. The generated biomaterial was tailored to exhibit a sustained Quer release over 72 h. It also has improved antibacterial efficacy against four bacterial pathogens compared to that of a free drug. In recognition of these merits, an edible polymeric nanomaterial has been proposed for the functional food and biomedicine sectors.
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