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Kim S, Kim DY. Enhanced Sensitivity of a Resistive Pressure Sensor Based on a PEDOT:PSS Thin Film on PDMS with a Random-Height Micropyramid Structure. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1110. [PMID: 39337770 PMCID: PMC11434580 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The use of flexible pressure sensors has become increasingly widespread in a variety of applications, including wearable electronics and electronic skin. These sensors need to exhibit high sensitivity, wide detection limits, a fast response time, a linear response, and mechanical stability. In this study, we demonstrate a resistive pressure sensor based on randomly arranged micropyramid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) thin film with a sensitivity of 391 kPa-1, a response time of 52.91 ms, a recovery time of 4.38 ms, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.35 kPa. Electrodes are then connected to a pair of the proposed resistive pressure sensors that face each other to fabricate a pressure sensing device. We examine various characteristics of the fabricated device, including the changes observed when applying loads ranging from 0 to 2.58 kPa. The proposed sensor exhibits high sensitivity and a rapid response time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dae Yu Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Center for Sensor Systems, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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2
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Das PS, Skaf D, Rose L, Motaghedi F, Carmichael TB, Rondeau-Gagné S, Ahamed MJ. Gait Pattern Analysis: Integration of a Highly Sensitive Flexible Pressure Sensor on a Wireless Instrumented Insole. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2944. [PMID: 38733050 PMCID: PMC11086061 DOI: 10.3390/s24092944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gait phase monitoring wearable sensors play a crucial role in assessing both health and athletic performance, offering valuable insights into an individual's gait pattern. In this study, we introduced a simple and cost-effective capacitive gait sensor manufacturing approach, utilizing a micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane dielectric layer placed between screen-printed silver electrodes. The sensor demonstrated inherent stretchability and durability, even when the electrode was bent at a 45-degree angle, it maintained an electrode resistance of approximately 3 Ω. This feature is particularly advantageous for gait monitoring applications. Furthermore, the fabricated flexible capacitive pressure sensor exhibited higher sensitivity and linearity at both low and high pressure and displayed very good stability. Notably, the sensors demonstrated rapid response and recovery times for both under low and high pressure. To further explore the capabilities of these new sensors, they were successfully tested as insole-type pressure sensors for real-time gait signal monitoring. The sensors displayed a well-balanced combination of sensitivity and response time, making them well-suited for gait analysis. Beyond gait analysis, the proposed sensor holds the potential for a wide range of applications within biomedical, sports, and commercial systems where soft and conformable sensors are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sarati Das
- Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (P.S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Daniella Skaf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Lina Rose
- Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (P.S.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Motaghedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Tricia Breen Carmichael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mohammed Jalal Ahamed
- Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; (P.S.D.)
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Habboush S, Rojas S, Rodríguez N, Rivadeneyra A. The Role of Interdigitated Electrodes in Printed and Flexible Electronics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2717. [PMID: 38732823 PMCID: PMC11086272 DOI: 10.3390/s24092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Flexible electronics, also referred to as printable electronics, represent an interesting technology for implementing electronic circuits via depositing electronic devices onto flexible substrates, boosting their possible applications. Among all flexible electronics, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) are currently being used for different sensor applications since they offer significant benefits beyond their functionality as capacitors, like the generation of high output voltage, fewer fabrication steps, convenience of application of sensitive coatings, material imaging capability and a potential of spectroscopy measurements via electrical excitation frequency variation. This review examines the role of IDEs in printed and flexible electronics since they are progressively being incorporated into a myriad of applications, envisaging that the growth pattern will continue in the next generations of flexible circuits to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayma Habboush
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Sara Rojas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Noel Rodríguez
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Almudena Rivadeneyra
- Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.H.); (N.R.)
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He S, Gui Y, Wang Y, Cao L, He G, Tang C. CuO/TiO 2/MXene-Based Sensor and SMS-TENG Array Integrated Inspection Robots for Self-Powered Ethanol Detection and Alarm at Room Temperature. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1188-1198. [PMID: 38358362 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a high-precision CuO/TiO2/MXene ethanol sensor operating at room temperature was prepared. The sensor exhibits excellent response value (95% @1 ppm ethanol), extremely low detection limit (0.3 ppm), fast response/recovery time (16/13 s), and remarkable long-term stability for trace detection of ethanol gas at room temperature, attributed to the p-n heterojunction formed by CuO and TiO2, as well as the rich functional groups and large specific surface area of MXene. Furthermore, a high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator (SMS-TENG) was developed through the introduction of the silicone/Mxene@silicone dual dielectric layer as the triboelectric layer, which improves the charge storage capacity of the dielectric layer and greatly enhances the output performance of the TENG. At the optimal doping ratio, the open-circuit voltage of the SMS-TENG can reach 1160 V, which is sufficient to light 720 LEDs. By combining the sensor and SMS-TENG, the resistive response of ethanol sensing is converted to a voltage response, which amplifies the response value up to 15.8 times. Finally, the designed SMS-TENGs are expected to be arrayed on an inspection robot as energy supply and combined with the CuO/TiO2/Mxene ethanol sensor to build a self-powered ethanol detection alarm system, endowing the inspection robot with the capability of self-powered ethanol detection at ppb level. This work provides an effective pathway for the intelligence of ethanol detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yingang Gui
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Gaohui He
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Hao Z, Fu S, Liu H, Zhao H, Gu C, Jiang T. Biomimetic SERS substrate with silicon-mediated internal standard: Improved sensing of environmental pollutants and nutrients. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123805. [PMID: 38154300 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic materials with fascinating natural micro-nano surface structures offer a good choice for the simple fabrication of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. This study presented a novel sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC)-Ag biomimetic substrate which was fabricated through the reverse replication of micro-nano structures from cantaloupe peel. Particularly, silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) were doped into this flexible biomimetic substrate in its fabrication process. Abundant electromagnetic "hotspots" could be effectively excited in this Ag densely covered matrix which maintained numerous protrusions as well as vertical and horizontal grooves. Specifically, the doped Si NPs exhibited a robust intrinsic Raman peak, which could be employed as an internal standard to calibrate the target signal. In this regard, the biomimetic substrate with the optimal electromagnetic enhancement and the quantitative calibration capabilities exhibited a high enhancement factor and a remedied linear relationship in the detection. After a perfect uniformity of signal was proved by the corrected SERS mapping, the biomimetic SERS substrate was finally utilized in the practical analysis of methylene blue (MB) and β-carotene with ultra-low limit of detection, highlighting its importance in practical detection scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Hao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shijiao Fu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hengwei Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Cho CJ, Chung PY, Tsai YW, Yang YT, Lin SY, Huang PS. Stretchable Sensors: Novel Human Motion Monitoring Wearables. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2375. [PMID: 37630960 PMCID: PMC10459719 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A human body monitoring system remains a significant focus, and to address the challenges in wearable sensors, a nanotechnology-enhanced strategy is proposed for designing stretchable metal-organic polymer nanocomposites. The nanocomposite comprises reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and in-situ generated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within elastic electrospun polystyrene-butadiene-polystyrene (SBS) fibers. The resulting Sandwich Structure Piezoresistive Woven Nanofabric (SSPWN) is a tactile-sensitive wearable sensor with remarkable performance. It exhibits a rapid response time (less than three milliseconds) and high reproducible stability over 5500 cycles. The nanocomposite also demonstrates exceptional thermal stability due to effective connections between rGO and AgNPs, making it suitable for wearable electronic applications. Furthermore, the SSPWN is successfully applied to human motion monitoring, including various areas of the hand and RGB sensing shoes for foot motion monitoring. This nanotechnology-enhanced strategy shows promising potential for intelligent healthcare, health monitoring, gait detection, and analysis, offering exciting prospects for future wearable electronic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan (Y.-T.Y.); (S.-Y.L.)
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Cai Y, Liu L, Meng X, Wang J, Zhang C, Li J, Lu Z, Duan JA. A broad range and piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor based on carbon nanotube network dip-coated porous elastomer sponge. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34117-34125. [PMID: 36545001 PMCID: PMC9706374 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have provided an attractive option for potential applications in wearable fields like human motion monitoring or human-machine interfaces. For the development of flexible pressure sensors, achieving high performance or multifunctions are popular research tendencies in recent years, such as improving their sensitivity, working range, or stability. Sponge materials with porous structures have been demonstrated that they are one of the potential substrates for developing novel and excellent flexible pressure sensors. However, for sponge-based pressure sensors, it is still a great challenge to realize a wide range of pressures from Pa level to hundreds kPa level. And how to achieve mechanical robustness remains unsolved. Here, we develop a flexible pressure sensor based on multicarbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) network-coated porous elastomer sponge with a broad range and robust features for use in wearable applications. Specifically, polyurethane (PU) sponge is used as the substrate matrix while dip-coated PU/MWCNTs composites as a conductive layer, achieving a highly bonding effect between the substrate and the conductive material, hence a great mechanical robust advantage is obtained and the working range also is improved. The pressure sensor show range of up to 350 kPa, while the minimum detection threshold is as low as 150 Pa. And before and after rolling by a bicycle or electric motorcycle, the sensor has the almost same responses, exhibiting great robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South UniversityChangsha 410012China
| | - Linpeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South UniversityChangsha 410012China
| | - Xiancun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China
| | - Jingxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China
| | - Changchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China
| | - Zhilai Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South UniversityChangsha 410012China
| | - Ji-an Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of High Performance and Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South UniversityChangsha 410012China
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Combined Triboelectric and Piezoelectric Effect in ZnO/PVDF Hybrid-Based Fiber-Structured Nanogenerator with PDMS:Carbon Black Electrodes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204414. [PMID: 36297991 PMCID: PMC9607615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a fiber-structured hybrid nanogenerator wearable device fabricated on a single polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile cylindrical substrate. The device can be described as a capacitor with inner and outer carbon-black-dispersed poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS:Carbon black) electrodes, and zinc oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the dielectric medium between the electrodes. The compositional analysis in terms of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy of the synthesized ZnO/PVDF has been measured and analyzed. The combined effect of triboelectricity between PDMS:Carbon black and PVDF, and piezoelectricity in a ZnO/PVDF hybrid, was investigated. Current–voltage characteristics were observed with varying load from 0–20 g, and resistance was observed to be decreased with load. Compared to earlier reports, there was a significant enhancement in voltage (≈5.1 V) and current (≈92.5 nA) at 10 g. Due to the introduction of interfacial polarization between PVDF and ZnO, the piezoelectric properties and pressure sensitivity of the hybrid ZnO/PVDF is enhanced. The hysterical behavior in the device’s response while measuring voltage and current with varying time shows the signature of the triboelectric effect between PVDF and ZnO, as well as PDMS:Carbon black and ZnO/PVDF layers. Reduction of triboelectric behavior was confirmed with increasing relaxation time. Because of the enhancement in piezoelectricity, fiber-structured nanogenerator (FNG) ZnO/PVDF proved to a potential candidate to be used for wearable computing devices, such as smart watches and sports bracelets.
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