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Jeong S, Lee H, Jeong Y, Cha HJ. Indocyanine Green-Loaded Adhesive Proteinic Nanoparticles for Effective Locoregional and Prolonged Photothermal Anticancer Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:6913-6921. [PMID: 39297577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Conventional anticancer therapies, including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, are the primary modalities for treating various forms of cancer. However, these treatments often bring significant side effects and risk of recurrence, underscoring the need for more targeted and less invasive therapeutic options. To address this challenge, we developed an adhesive nanoparticle (NP)-based effective anticancer photothermal therapy (PTT) system using bioengineered mussel adhesion protein (MAP). The unique underwater tissue adhesive properties of MAP NPs enabled targeted delivery and prolonged retention at the tumor site, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Our innovative indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded MAP NPs (MAP@ICG NPs) demonstrated strong photothermal capability and stability, and potent anticancer activity in vitro. In vivo intratumor injection of the MAP@ICG NPs showed remarkable anticancer PTT effects, effectively reducing tumor growth with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. The development and utilization of this adhesive proteinic NP-based PTT system represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy, offering a promising alternative that combines the precision of NP delivery with effective therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Guo J, Yang Y, Xiang Y, Zhang S, Guo X. Application of smart hydrogel materials in cartilage injury repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Biomater Appl 2024; 39:96-116. [PMID: 38708775 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241248779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage injury is a common clinical condition, and treatment approaches have evolved over time from traditional conservative and surgical methods to regenerative repair. In this context, hydrogels, as widely used biomaterials in the field of cartilage repair, have garnered significant attention. Particularly, responsive hydrogels (also known as "smart hydrogels") have shown immense potential due to their ability to respond to various physicochemical properties and environmental changes. This paper aims to review the latest research developments of hydrogels in cartilage repair, utilizing a more systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis approach to evaluate the research status and application value of responsive hydrogels. The goal is to determine whether these materials demonstrate favorable therapeutic effects for subsequent clinical applications, thereby offering improved treatment methods for patients with cartilage injuries. METHOD This study employed a systematic literature search method to summarize the research progress of responsive hydrogels by retrieving literature on the subject and review studies. The search terms included "hydrogel" and "cartilage," covering data from database inception up to October 2023. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated using Review Manager v5.4 software. Quantifiable data was statistically analyzed using the R language. RESULTS A total of 7 articles were retrieved for further meta-analysis. In the quality assessment, the studies demonstrated reliability and accuracy. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that responsive hydrogels exhibit unique advantages and effective therapeutic outcomes in the field of cartilage repair. Subgroup analysis revealed potential influences of factors such as different types of hydrogels and animal models on treatment effects. CONCLUSION Responsive hydrogels show significant therapeutic effects and substantial application potential in the field of cartilage repair. This study provides strong scientific evidence for their further clinical applications and research, with the hope of promoting advancements in the treatment of cartilage injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Guo
- Central Laboratory of Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Haikou People's Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Haikou People's Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University, Haikou, P. R. China
| | - Xueyi Guo
- Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
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Gowsalya K, Rithisa B, Haldorai Y, Shanthi K, Vivek R. Engineered photonic near-infrared light activated photothermal theranostic nanovaccine induced targeted remodeling of tumor microenvironment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 57:102738. [PMID: 38341011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor recurrence, which happens as a result of persisting tumor cells and minor lesions after treatments like surgery and chemotherapy, is a major problem in oncology. Herein, a strategy to combat this issue by utilize a theranostic nanovaccine composed of photonic HCuS. This nanovaccine aims to eradicate cancer cells and their traces while also preventing tumor recurrence via optimizing the photothermal immune impact. Successful membrane targeting allows for the introduction of new therapeutic agents into the tumor cells. Together with co-encapsulated Toll-Like Receptors (TLR7/8) agonist R848 for activating T cells and maturing DCs, the combined effects of HCuS and ICG function as photothermal agents that generate heat in the presence of NIR light. Photothermal-mediated immunotherapy with therapeutic modalities proved successful in killing tumor cells. By activating the immune system, this new photonic nanovaccine greatly increases immunogenic cell death (ICD), kills tumor cells, and prevents their recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanidhi Gowsalya
- Bio-Nano Theranostic Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Program (CRP), School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rithisa
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641048, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeonbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishnamurthy Shanthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Nava Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Raju Vivek
- Bio-Nano Theranostic Research Laboratory, Cancer Research Program (CRP), School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cheng Y, Zhang H, Wei H, Yu CY. Injectable hydrogels as emerging drug-delivery platforms for tumor therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1151-1170. [PMID: 38319379 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01840g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Tumor therapy continues to be a prominent field within biomedical research. The development of various drug carriers has been propelled by concerns surrounding the side effects and targeting efficacy of various chemotherapeutic drugs and other therapeutic agents. These carriers strive to enhance drug concentration at tumor sites, minimize systemic side effects, and improve therapeutic outcomes. Among the reported delivery systems, injectable hydrogels have emerged as an emerging candidate for the in vivo delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their minimal invasive drug delivery properties. This review systematically summarizes the composition and preparation methodologies of injectable hydrogels and further highlights the delivery mechanisms of diverse drugs using these hydrogels for tumor therapy, along with an in-depth discussion on the optimized therapeutic efficiency of drugs encapsulated within the hydrogels. The work concludes by providing a dynamic forward-looking perspective on the potential challenges and possible solutions of the in situ injectable hydrogels for non-surgical and real-time diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study & School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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Rizwan A, Ali I, Jo SH, Vu TT, Gal YS, Kim YH, Park SH, Lim KT. Facile Fabrication of NIR-Responsive Alginate/CMC Hydrogels Derived through IEDDA Click Chemistry for Photothermal-Photodynamic Anti-Tumor Therapy. Gels 2023; 9:961. [PMID: 38131947 PMCID: PMC10742702 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel chemically cross-linked hydrogels derived from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate (Alg) were prepared through the utilization of the norbornene (Nb)-methyl tetrazine (mTz) click reaction. The hydrogels were designed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) from an NIR dye, indocyanine green (ICG), for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). The cross-linking reaction between Nb and mTz moieties occurred via an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry under physiological conditions avoiding the need for a catalyst. The resulting hydrogels exhibited viscoelastic properties (G' ~ 492-270 Pa) and high porosity. The hydrogels were found to be injectable with tunable mechanical characteristics. The ROS production from the ICG-encapsulated hydrogels was confirmed by DPBF assays, indicating a photodynamic effect (with NIR irradiation at 1-2 W for 5-15 min). The temperature of the ICG-loaded hydrogels also increased upon the NIR irradiation to eradicate tumor cells photothermally. In vitro cytocompatibility assessments revealed the non-toxic nature of CMC-Nb and Alg-mTz towards HEK-293 cells. Furthermore, the ICG-loaded hydrogels effectively inhibited the metabolic activity of Hela cells after NIR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rizwan
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (A.R.); (I.A.); (T.T.V.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Israr Ali
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (A.R.); (I.A.); (T.T.V.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Trung Thang Vu
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (A.R.); (I.A.); (T.T.V.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Yeong-Soon Gal
- Department of Fire Safety, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (A.R.); (I.A.); (T.T.V.); (Y.H.K.)
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Major of Display Semiconductor Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Display Semiconductor Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Zhao C, Pan B, Wang T, Yang H, Vance D, Li X, Zhao H, Hu X, Yang T, Chen Z, Hao L, Liu T, Wang Y. Advances in NIR-Responsive Natural Macromolecular Hydrogel Assembly Drugs for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2729. [PMID: 38140070 PMCID: PMC10747500 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease with an abnormal proliferation of organ tissues; it is characterized by malignant infiltration and growth that affects human life. Traditional cancer therapies such as resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a low cure rate and often cause irreversible damage to the body. In recent years, since the traditional treatment of cancer is still very far from perfect, researchers have begun to focus on non-invasive near-infrared (NIR)-responsive natural macromolecular hydrogel assembly drugs (NIR-NMHADs). Due to their unique biocompatibility and extremely high drug encapsulation, coupling with the spatiotemporal controllability of NIR, synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT), photothermal therapy (PDT), chemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IT) has created excellent effects and good prospects for cancer treatment. In addition, some emerging bioengineering technologies can also improve the effectiveness of drug delivery systems. This review will discuss the properties of NIR light, the NIR-functional hydrogels commonly used in current research, the cancer therapy corresponding to the materials encapsulated in them and the bioengineering technology that can assist drug delivery systems. The review provides a constructive reference for the optimization of NIR-NMHAD experimental ideas and its application to human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, Shenyang 110122, China
- Center of Forensic Investigation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Boyue Pan
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, Shenyang 110122, China
- Center of Forensic Investigation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (T.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huazhe Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (T.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - David Vance
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Teaching Center for Basic Medical Experiment, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinru Hu
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Tianchang Yang
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zihao Chen
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, Shenyang 110122, China
- Center of Forensic Investigation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ting Liu
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yang Wang
- China Medical University—The Queen’s University Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (C.Z.); (B.P.); (D.V.); (T.Y.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Sciences, Shenyang 110122, China
- Center of Forensic Investigation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Duan Y, Xu P, Ge P, Chen L, Chen Y, Kankala RK, Wang S, Chen A. NIR-responsive carrier-free nanoparticles based on berberine hydrochloride and indocyanine green for synergistic antibacterial therapy and promoting infected wound healing. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad076. [PMID: 37808956 PMCID: PMC10558098 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections cause severe health conditions, resulting in a significant economic burden for the public health system. Although natural phytochemicals are considered promising anti-bacterial agents, they suffer from several limitations, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo, severely restricting their wide application. Herein, we constructed a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive carrier-free berberine hydrochloride (BH, phytochemicals)/indocyanine green (ICG, photosensitizer) nanoparticles (BI NPs) for synergistic antibacterial of an infected wound. Through electrostatic interaction and π-π stacking, the hydrophobic BH and amphiphilic ICG are initially self-assembled to generate carrier-free nanoparticles. The obtained BI NPs demonstrated NIR-responsive drug release behavior and better photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 36%. In addition, BI NPs stimulated by NIR laser exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity, which realized the synergistic antibacterial treatment and promoted infected wound healing. In summary, the current research results provided a candidate strategy for self-assembling new BI NPs to treat bacterial infections synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyu Duan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Panyuan Ge
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Linfei Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Aizheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
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Chen L, Chen G, Hu K, Chen L, Zeng Z, Li B, Jiang G, Liu Y. Combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy enhances ferroptosis to prevent cancer recurrence after surgery using nanoparticle-hydrogel composite. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2023; 468:143685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
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Gan S, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Zhang M, Long L, Liao J, Chen W. Recent Advances in Hydrogel-Based Phototherapy for Tumor Treatment. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040286. [PMID: 37102898 PMCID: PMC10137920 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototherapeutic agent-based phototherapies activated by light have proven to be safe modalities for the treatment of various malignant tumor indications. The two main modalities of phototherapies include photothermal therapy, which causes localized thermal damage to target lesions, and photodynamic therapy, which causes localized chemical damage by generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conventional phototherapies suffer a major shortcoming in their clinical application due to their phototoxicity, which primarily arises from the uncontrolled distribution of phototherapeutic agents in vivo. For successful antitumor phototherapy, it is essential to ensure the generation of heat or ROS specifically occurs at the tumor site. To minimize the reverse side effects of phototherapy while improving its therapeutic performance, extensive research has focused on developing hydrogel-based phototherapy for tumor treatment. The utilization of hydrogels as drug carriers allows for the sustained delivery of phototherapeutic agents to tumor sites, thereby limiting their adverse effects. Herein, we summarize the recent advancements in the design of hydrogels for antitumor phototherapy, offer a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in hydrogel-based phototherapy and its combination with other therapeutic modalities for tumor treatment, and discuss the current clinical status of hydrogel-based antitumor phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Med-X Center for Materials, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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