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Aguilar NM, Perez-Aguilar JM, González-Coronel VJ, Martínez-Gutiérrez H, Zayas Pérez T, González-Vergara E, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Soriano-Moro G. Reversible Thermo-Optical Response Nanocomposites Based on RAFT Symmetric Triblock Copolymers (ABA) of Acrylamide and N-Isopropylacrylamide and Gold Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081963. [PMID: 37112110 PMCID: PMC10144036 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of composite materials with thermo-optical properties based on smart polymeric systems and nanostructures have been extensively studied. Due to the fact of its ability to self-assemble into a structure that generates a significant change in the refractive index, one of most attractive thermo-responsive polymers is poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), as well as its derivatives such as multiblock copolymers. In this work, symmetric triblock copolymers of polyacrylamide (PAM) and PNIPAM (PAMx-b-PNIPAMy-b-PAMx) with different block lengths were prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT). The ABA sequence of these triblock copolymers was obtained in only two steps using a symmetrical trithiocarbonate as a transfer agent. The copolymers were combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to prepare nanocomposite materials with tunable optical properties. The results show that copolymers behave differently in solution due to the fact of variations in their composition. Therefore, they have a different impact on the nanoparticle formation process. Likewise, as expected, an increase in the length of the PNIPAM block promotes a better thermo-optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery M Aguilar
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Valeria J González-Coronel
- School of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez
- National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Center for Nanosciences and Micro and Nanotechnologies, Luis Enrique Erro, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Teresa Zayas Pérez
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Vergara
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Brenda L Sanchez-Gaytan
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Soriano-Moro
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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Chernikova EV, Mineeva KO. Reversible Deactivation Radical Copolymerization: Synthesis of Copolymers with Controlled Unit Sequence. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Experimental Design in Polymer Chemistry-A Guide towards True Optimization of a RAFT Polymerization Using Design of Experiments (DoE). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183147. [PMID: 34578048 PMCID: PMC8468855 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great potential of design of experiments (DoE) for efficiency and plannability in academic research, it remains a method predominantly used in industrial processes. From our perspective though, DoE additionally provides greater information gain than conventional experimentation approaches, even for more complex systems such as chemical reactions. Hence, this work presents a comprehensive DoE investigation on thermally initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methacrylamide (MAAm). To facilitate the adaptation of DoE for virtually every other polymerization, this work provides a step-by-step application guide emphasizing the biggest challenges along the way. Optimization of the RAFT system was achieved via response surface methodology utilizing a face-centered central composite design (FC-CCD). Highly accurate prediction models for the responses of monomer conversion, theoretical and apparent number averaged molecular weights, and dispersity are presented. The obtained equations not only facilitate thorough understanding of the observed system but also allow selection of synthetic targets for each individual response by prediction of the respective optimal factor settings. This work successfully demonstrates the great capability of DoE in academic research and aims to encourage fellow scientists to incorporate the technique into their repertoire of experimental strategies.
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Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
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5
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Chernikova EV, Sivtsov EV. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization: Fundamentals and use in practice. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pearson S, St Thomas C, Guerrero-Santos R, D'Agosto F. Opportunities for dual RDRP agents in synthesizing novel polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual RDRP agents provide access to new polymeric materials by combining ATRP, NMP, and RAFT polymerization without end group transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pearson
- Équipe EPCP
- IPREM UMR 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
- 64053 Pau
- France
| | - Claude St Thomas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
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7
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Vishnevetski DV, Lysenko EA, Plutalova AV, Chernikova EV. Aggregative behavior of AB and ABC block copolymers in the solid phase and in a nonselective solvent. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x16010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Rossner C, Glatter O, Saldanha O, Köster S, Vana P. The Structure of Gold-Nanoparticle Networks Cross-Linked by Di- and Multifunctional RAFT Oligomers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10573-10582. [PMID: 26340689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) network structures featuring particles from the two-phase Brust-Schiffrin synthesis and linear RAFT oligomers of styrene with two and multiple trithiocarbonate (TTC) groups along their backbone have been investigated in detail. Insights into the internal structures of these particle networks could be obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, showing that primary AuNPs are cross-linked by the employed molecular linker. The extent of AuNP network formation was investigated by means of dynamic light scattering and UV/visible extinction spectroscopy, showing an abrupt attenuation of network formation after a critical degree of polymerization of the cross-linker is exceeded. Analysis of transmission electron micrographs indicated a three-dimensional shape of the particle superstructures, which is evenly filled with the primary AuNPs. From the results obtained in this study, guidelines for the fabrication of nanoparticle networks from the self-assembly with macromolecular cross-linkers are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rossner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Otto Glatter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz , Stremayrgasse 9/V, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliva Saldanha
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Li Q, Hu X, Bai R. Synthesis of Photodegradable Polystyrene with Trithiocarbonate as Linkages. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1810-5. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianbiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ruke Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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Hendrich M, Lewerdomski L, Vana P. Biomimetic triblock and multiblock copolymers containing l
-Phenylalanine moieties showing healing and enhanced mechanical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hendrich
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr 6 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lars Lewerdomski
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr 6 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr 6 D-37077 Göttingen Germany
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Rossner C, Vana P. Nanocomposites and Self-Assembled Structures via Controlled Radical Polymerization. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Roy AL, Bui C, Rau I, Kajzar F, Charleux B, Save M, Kreher D, Attias AJ. Well-defined second-order nonlinear optical polymers by controlled radical polymerization, via multifunctional macromolecular chain transfer agent: Design, synthesis, and characterizations. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rossner C, Ebeling B, Vana P. Spherical Gold-Nanoparticle Assemblies with Tunable Interparticle Distances Mediated by Multifunctional RAFT Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:1073-1076. [PMID: 35606970 DOI: 10.1021/mz400556q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the controlled assembly of gold nanocrystals into dispersed three-dimensional superstructures is presented. A multifunctional RAFT agent was used to prepare multiblock polystyrene (4.4-17.8 kDa) with trithiocarbonate groups as junctions between the individual blocks. Addition of these polymers to two-phase Brust-Schiffrin gold nanoparticles (4.1 nm) resulted in the formation of stable gold-nanoparticle assemblies dispersed in toluene. TEM analysis revealed that the interparticle distances in these superstructures can be tuned over an unprecedented wide range by employing multiblock polymers with an adjusted degree of polymerization and thus tailored trithiocarbonate distances. Cross-linking of the gold nanoparticles in the assemblies by multifunctional trithiocarbonates was proven by AFM showing partly preserved globular shape after deposition on a solid substrate. The reported strategy is expected to prove useful when interparticle distances in nanoparticle assemblies need to be tuned in a liquid phase or on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rossner
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Ebeling
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Ebeling B, Vana P. RAFT-Polymers with Single and Multiple Trithiocarbonate Groups as Uniform Gold-Nanoparticle Coatings. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4008626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Ebeling
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077,
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077,
Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Photocrosslinkable Star Polymers via RAFT-Copolymerizations with N-Ethylacrylate-3,4-dimethylmaleimide. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5020706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Bioengineering functional copolymers. XXI. Synthesis of a novel end carboxyl-trithiocarbonate functionalized poly(maleic anhydride) and its interaction with cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5053-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Siauw M, Hawkett BS, Perrier S. RAFT Polymerization: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Study of Oligomers. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1101.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiliana Siauw
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Hawkett
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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