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Paglia EB, Baldin EKK, Freitas GP, Santiago TSA, Neto JBMR, Silva JVL, Carvalho HF, Beppu MM. Circulating Tumor Cells Adhesion: Application in Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 37754116 PMCID: PMC10526177 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The early and non-invasive diagnosis of tumor diseases has been widely investigated by the scientific community focusing on the development of sensors/biomarkers that act as a way of recognizing the adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). As a challenge in this area, strategies for CTCs capture and enrichment currently require improvements in the sensors/biomarker's selectivity. This can be achieved by understanding the biological recognition factors for different cancer cell lines and also by understanding the interaction between surface parameters and the affinity between macromolecules and the cell surface. To overcome some of these concerns, electrochemical sensors have been used as precise, fast-response, and low-cost transduction platforms for application in cytosensors. Additionally, distinct materials, geometries, and technologies have been investigated to improve the sensitivity and specificity properties of the support electrode that will transform biochemical events into electrical signals. This review identifies novel approaches regarding the application of different specific biomarkers (CD44, Integrins, and EpCAm) for capturing CTCs. These biomarkers can be applied in electrochemical biosensors as a cytodetection strategy for diagnosis of cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda B. Paglia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process and Product Development, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (E.K.K.B.); (G.P.F.); (T.S.A.S.)
| | - Estela K. K. Baldin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process and Product Development, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (E.K.K.B.); (G.P.F.); (T.S.A.S.)
- Renato Archer Information Technology Center, Campinas 13069-901, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela P. Freitas
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process and Product Development, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (E.K.K.B.); (G.P.F.); (T.S.A.S.)
- Renato Archer Information Technology Center, Campinas 13069-901, Brazil;
| | - Thalyta S. A. Santiago
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process and Product Development, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (E.K.K.B.); (G.P.F.); (T.S.A.S.)
| | - João B. M. R. Neto
- Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
| | - Jorge V. L. Silva
- Renato Archer Information Technology Center, Campinas 13069-901, Brazil;
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Institute of Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil;
| | - Marisa M. Beppu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Process and Product Development, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil; (E.B.P.); (E.K.K.B.); (G.P.F.); (T.S.A.S.)
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Poly(2-oxazoline)-derived star-shaped polymers as potential materials for biomedical applications: A review. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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3
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Polyoxazoline: A review article from polymerization to smart behaviors and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Smirnova AV, Tenkovtsev AV, Filippov AP. Effect of Annealing at High Temperatures on the Morphology of Aqueous Solutions of Star-Shaped Poly(2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline) and Linear Poly(2-Ethyl-5,6-Dihydrooxazine). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238222700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Yan J, Gundsambuu B, Krasowska M, Platts K, Facal Marina P, Gerber C, Barry SC, Blencowe A. Injectable Diels-Alder cycloaddition hydrogels with tuneable gelation, stiffness and degradation for the sustained release of T-lymphocytes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3329-3343. [PMID: 35380575 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Engineered T-cell therapies have proven highly efficacious for the treatment of haematological cancers, but translation of this success to solid tumours has been limited, in part, due to difficulties in maintaining high doses at specific target sites. Hydrogel delivery systems that provide a sustained release of T-cells at the target site are emerging as a promising strategy. Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop an injectable hydrogel that gels in situ via efficient Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DAC) chemistry and provides a sustained release of T-cells through gradual hydrolysis of the hydrogel matrix. Hydrogels were prepared via the DAC between fulvene and maleimide functionalised poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives. By adjusting the concentration and molecular weight of the functionalised PEGs in the hydrogel formulation the in vitro gelation time (Tgel), initial Young's modulus (E) and degradation time (Td) could be tailored from 15-150 min, 5-179 kPa and 7-114 h, respectively. Prior to gelation, the formulations could be readily injected through narrow gauge (26 G) needles with the working time correlating closely with the Tgel. A 5 wt% hydrogel formation with conjugated cyclic RGD motif was found to be optimal for the encapsulation and release of CD3+ T-cells with a near linear release profile and >70% cell viability over the first 4 d and release continuing out to 7 d. With their tuneable Tgel, Td and stiffness, the DAC hydrogels provide the opportunity to control the release period and profile of encapsulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Batjargal Gundsambuu
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Marta Krasowska
- Surface Interaction and Soft Matter (SISM) Group, Future Industries Institute (FII), UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Kirsten Platts
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Paula Facal Marina
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Cobus Gerber
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Women's and Children's Hospital, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Applied Chemistry and Translational Biomaterials (ACTB) Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Poly(2-oxazoline) and Gelatin Derivatives. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020064. [PMID: 35200446 PMCID: PMC8870900 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of natural and synthetic polymers to form hybrid hydrogels offers the potential of fabricating new materials that possess a combination of properties resulting from both types of polymer classes. Within this work, two alkene-functionalized poly(2-alkyl/aryl–2-oxazoline) (PAOx) copolymers and one gelatin derivative, thiolated gelatin (gel-SH), are synthesized as precursors for hybrid hydrogels through a photo-induced radical thiol-ene crosslinking process. In-situ photo-rheology revealed an increased mechanical stability for hydrogels that possess an excess amount of PAOx precursor. A final qualitative investigation of the thermo-responsive properties of a P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30):gel-SH (2:1) hydrogel film revealed a cloud point temperature (Tcp) in the same range as the Tcp of the P(EtOx270–norbornenOx30) polymer precursor, which is around 30 °C. This promising result demonstrates that thermo-responsive hybrid poly(2-oxazoline)-gelatin hydrogels could be prepared with predictable Tcps and that further investigation into this appealing feature might be of interest. Ultimately, this work shows a proof-of-concept of using PAOx as potential hybrid hydrogel precursor in combination with cell-interactive gelatin derivatives to potentially improve the mechanical stability of the final scaffolds and introduce additional features such as thermo-responsiveness for the purpose of drug delivery.
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Surface Functionalization of Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) Membranes with RGD-Grafted Poly(2-oxazoline) for Periodontal Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010004. [PMID: 35076515 PMCID: PMC8788533 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue defects resulting from periodontal disease are often treated using guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The barrier membranes utilized here should prevent soft tissue infiltration into the bony defect and simultaneously support bone regeneration. In this study, we designed a degradable poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membrane that was surface-modified with cell adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs. For a novel method of membrane manufacture, the RGD motifs were coupled with the non-ionic amphiphilic polymer poly(2-oxazoline) (POx). The RGD-containing membranes were then prepared by solvent casting of PLGA, POx coupled with RGD (POx_RGD), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution in methylene chloride (DCM), followed by DCM evaporation and PEG leaching. Successful coupling of RGD to POx was confirmed spectroscopically by Raman, Fourier transform infrared in attenuated reflection mode (FTIR-ATR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, while successful immobilization of POx_RGD on the membrane surface was confirmed by XPS and FTIR-ATR. The resulting membranes had an asymmetric microstructure, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the glass-cured surface was more porous and had a higher surface area then the air-cured surface. The higher porosity should support bone tissue regeneration, while the air-cured side is more suited to preventing soft tissue infiltration. The behavior of osteoblast-like cells on PLGA membranes modified with POx_RGD was compared to cell behavior on PLGA foil, non-modified PLGA membranes, or PLGA membranes modified only with POx. For this, MG-63 cells were cultured for 4, 24, and 96 h on the membranes and analyzed by metabolic activity tests, live/dead staining, and fluorescent staining of actin fibers. The results showed bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability to be the highest on membranes modified with POx_RGD, making them possible candidates for GTR applications in periodontology and in bone tissue engineering.
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9
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Linear and star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazine)s. Synthesis, characterization and conformation in solution. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Abazid AH, Hollwedel TN, Nachtsheim BJ. Stereoselective Oxidative Cyclization of N-Allyl Benzamides to Oxaz(ol)ines. Org Lett 2021; 23:5076-5080. [PMID: 34138574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an enantioselective oxidative cyclization of N-allyl carboxamides via a chiral triazole-substituted iodoarene catalyst. The method allows the synthesis of highly enantioenriched oxazolines and oxazines, with yields of up to 94% and enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. Quaternary stereocenters can be constructed and, besides N-allyl amides, the corresponding thioamides and imideamides are well tolerated as substrates, giving rise to a plethora of chiral 5-membered N-heterocycles. By applying a multitude of further functionalizations, we finally demonstrate the high value of the observed chiral heterocycles as strategic intermediates for the synthesis of other enantioenriched target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham H Abazid
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tom-Niklas Hollwedel
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Kirila T, Smirnova A, Razina A, Tenkovtsev A, Filippov A. Influence of Salt on the Self-Organization in Solutions of Star-Shaped Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline and Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine on Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1152. [PMID: 33916516 PMCID: PMC8038499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The water-salt solutions of star-shaped six-arm poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazines and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazolines were studied by light scattering and turbidimetry. The core was hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane and the arms were poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazine, poly-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, and poly-2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline. NaCl and N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate were used as salts. Their concentration varied from 0-0.154 M. On heating, a phase transition was observed in all studied solutions. It was found that the effect of salt on the thermosensitivity of the investigated stars depends on the structure of the salt and polymer and on the salt content in the solution. The phase separation temperature decreased with an increase in the hydrophobicity of the polymers, which is caused by both a growth of the side radical size and an elongation of the monomer unit. For NaCl solutions, the phase separation temperature monotonically decreased with growth of salt concentration. In solutions with methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, the dependence of the phase separation temperature on the salt concentration was non-monotonic with minimum at salt concentration corresponding to one salt molecule per one arm of a polymer star. Poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazine and poly-2-alkyl-2-oxazoline stars with a hexaaza[26]orthoparacyclophane core are more sensitive to the presence of salt in solution than the similar stars with a calix[n]arene branching center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kirila
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (A.R.); (A.T.); (A.F.)
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12
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13
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Trachsel L, Johnbosco C, Lang T, Benetti EM, Zenobi-Wong M. Double-Network Hydrogels Including Enzymatically Crosslinked Poly-(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s for 3D Bioprinting of Cartilage-Engineering Constructs. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4502-4511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thamar Lang
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Van Guyse JFR, Mees MA, Vergaelen M, Baert M, Verbraeken B, Martens PJ, Hoogenboom R. Amidation of methyl ester side chain bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s with tyramine: a quest for a selective and quantitative approach. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new amidation approaches are evaluated to incorporate tyramine on methyl ester functional poly(2-oxazolines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten A. Mees
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
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15
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Lorson T, Lübtow MM, Wegener E, Haider MS, Borova S, Nahm D, Jordan R, Sokolski-Papkov M, Kabanov AV, Luxenhofer R. Poly(2-oxazoline)s based biomaterials: A comprehensive and critical update. Biomaterials 2018; 178:204-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Tang P, di Cio S, Wang W, E Gautrot J. Surface-Initiated Poly(oligo(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)methacrylate) Brushes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10019-10027. [PMID: 30032621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are particularly performant antifouling coatings, owing to their high grafting density that prevents unwanted biomacromolecules to diffuse through the coating and adhere to the underlying substrate. In addition to this structural feature, polymer brushes require a relatively high level of hydrophilicity and a globally neutral structure to display ultrahigh protein resistance. Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxaolines) are attractive building blocks for such coatings as they can display relatively high hydrophilicity, owing to their amide repeat units, but can also be side-chain and end-chain functionalized relatively readily. However, poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines) have not yet been introduced through a radical-mediated grafting from polymer brush structure that would confer the high level of grafting density that is the hallmark of highly protein resistant brushes. Here, we present the formation of a series of poly(oligo(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)methacrylate) brushes generated via a grafting from approach, via atom transfer radical polymerization. We characterize the chemical structure of the resulting coatings via ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that allyl end groups can be introduced as a side chain of these brushes to allow functionalization via thiol-ene chemistry. We demonstrate the excellent protein resistance of these coatings in single protein solutions as well as serum solutions at concentration typically used for cell culture. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of using these brushes for the micropatterning of cells and the generation of cell-based assays.
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Luef KP, Petit C, Ottersböck B, Oreski G, Ehrenfeld F, Grassl B, Reynaud S, Wiesbrock F. UV-mediated thiol-ene click reactions for the synthesis of drug-loadable and degradable gels based on copoly(2-oxazoline)s. Eur Polym J 2017; 88:701-712. [PMID: 28316339 PMCID: PMC5349497 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An 80-membered library of gels composed of monofunctional 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline and one of four selected difunctional 2-oxazolines (containing either ether or ester bonds) were synthesized by microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerizations. The difunctional 2-oxazolines were prepared from the thiol-ene reaction of glycol dimercaptoacetate or 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol and 2-but-3'-enyl-2-oxazoline or 2-dec-9'-enyl-2-oxazoline. 53 of the gels exhibited glass-transition temperatures, which ranged from -5.9 to 45.3 °C. 13 Derivatives exhibited glass-transition temperatures in the range from 20 to 30 °C, which renders them stiff at room temperature and flexible at body temperature. The gels that did not contain any 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline acted as lipogels, whereas the gels that did not contain any 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline acted as hydrogels; all other gels may be classified as amphigels. The swelling degrees were measured by gravimetry and maximum swelling degrees of 6 (in water) were observed for the gels with the lowest degrees of crosslinking. In a second approach, the synthesis of crosslinked networks had been achieved by performing the polymeranalogous thiol-ene reaction of copoly(2-oxazoline)s containing olefinic side-chains and glycol dimercaptoacetate. This soft strategy enabled the straightforward loading of such gels with active pharmaceutical ingredients without altering them. This method delivered gels with selected composition exhibiting a targeted disc-shape and loaded with active pharmaceutical ingredients from one-step syntheses. The maximum swelling degrees of these specimens were found to be in accordance with the ones from the first route investigated. Preliminary degradation studies were performed at 25 °C; these types of gels were found to be degraded in alkaline media as well as by esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus P. Luef
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700
Leoben, Austria
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz
University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Charlotte Petit
- IPREM, UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Du
Président Angot, 64053 Pau CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bettina Ottersböck
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700
Leoben, Austria
| | - Gernot Oreski
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700
Leoben, Austria
| | - Francis Ehrenfeld
- IPREM, UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Du
Président Angot, 64053 Pau CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- IPREM, UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Du
Président Angot, 64053 Pau CEDEX 09, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- IPREM, UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, Hélioparc, 2 Avenue Du
Président Angot, 64053 Pau CEDEX 09, France
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700
Leoben, Austria
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18
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Kempe K. Chain and Step Growth Polymerizations of Cyclic Imino Ethers: From Poly(2‐oxazoline)s to Poly(ester amide)s. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science & Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville VIC 3052 Australia
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19
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Kalaoglu-Altan OI, Verbraeken B, Lava K, Gevrek TN, Sanyal R, Dargaville T, De Clerck K, Hoogenboom R, Sanyal A. Multireactive Poly(2-oxazoline) Nanofibers through Electrospinning with Crosslinking on the Fly. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:676-681. [PMID: 35614674 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinked hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanofibers amenable to facile multifunctionalization are fabricated using alkene-containing poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) via in situ photoinitiated radical thiol-ene crosslinking during electrospinning. The resulting crosslinked nanofibers are demonstrated to be multifunctionalizable using different chemistries as they contain two functional handles, being the alkene moieties from the parent copolymer and the residual thiol groups from the tetra-thiol-based crosslinker. While the thiol groups in these nanofibers could be passivated or conjugated to install functional molecules through thiol-maleimide conjugation, the alkene groups could sequentially be modified with thiol-containing molecules using photoinitiated radical thiol-ene reactions. Utilization of the photochemically induced conjugation of thiol-bearing molecules to the alkene groups on the nanofibers is used to obtain functionalization in a spatially controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Lava
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tugce Nihal Gevrek
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bogazici University, Center for Life Sciences and
Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tim Dargaville
- Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George Street, 4001, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Department
of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Bogazici University, Department of Chemistry, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bogazici University, Center for Life Sciences and
Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Corvaglia V, Marega R, De Leo F, Michiels C, Bonifazi D. Unleashing Cancer Cells on Surfaces Exposing Motogenic IGDQ Peptides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:321-329. [PMID: 26583377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thiolated peptides bearing the Ile-Gly-Asp (IGD) motif, a highly conserved sequence of fibronectin, are used for the preparation of anisotropic self-assembled monolayers (SAM gradients) to study the whole-population migratory behavior of metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells). Ile-Gly-Asp-Gln-(IGDQ)-exposing SAMs sustain the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells by triggering focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, similarly to the analogous Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-(GRGD)-terminating surfaces. However, the biological responses of different cell lines interfaced with the SAM gradients show that only those exposing the IGDQ sequence induce significant migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. In particular, the observed migratory behavior suggests the presence of cell subpopulations associated with a "stationary" or a "migratory" phenotype, the latter determining a considerable cell migration at the sub-cm length scale. These findings are of great importance as they suggest for the first time an active role of biological surfaces exposing the IGD motif in the multicomponent orchestration of cellular signaling involved in the metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corvaglia
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marega
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Federica De Leo
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Cellular Biology Research Unit-NARILIS, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Namur Research College (NARC) and Department of Chemistry, University of Namur (UNamur), Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Fimberger M, Tsekmes IA, Kochetov R, Smit JJ, Wiesbrock F. Crosslinked Poly(2-oxazoline)s as "Green" Materials for Electronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2015; 8:polym8010006. [PMID: 30979103 PMCID: PMC6432510 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline)80-stat-poly(2-dec-9'-enyl-2-oxazoline)20 and poly(2-dec-9'-enyl-2-oxazoline)100 can be synthesized from the cationic ring-opening polymerization of monomers that can be derived from fatty acids from renewable resources. These (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s can be crosslinked with di- and trifunctional mercapto compounds using the UV-induced thiol-ene reaction. The complex permittivity of the corresponding networks increases with the temperature and decreases with the network density. In a frequency range from 10-2 to 10⁶ Hz and at temperatures ranging from -20 to 40 °C, the changes of the real part of the complex permittivity as well as the loss factor can be explained by interfacial polarization within the material. At a temperature of 20 °C and a frequency of 50 Hz, the permittivity of the crosslinked (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s covers a range from 4.29 to 4.97, and the loss factors are in the range from 0.030 to 0.093. The electrical conductivities of these polymer networks span a range from 5 × 10-12 to 8 × 10-9 S/m, classifying these materials as medium insulators. Notably, the values for the permittivity, loss factor and conductivity of these copoly(2-oxazoline)s are in the same range as for polyamides, and, hence, these copoly(2-oxazoline)-based networks may be referred to as "green" alternatives for polyamides as insulators in electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fimberger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Rosseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Ioannis-Alexandros Tsekmes
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Roman Kochetov
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
- Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) Corporate Research, Segelhofstrasse 1k, 5405 Baden-Daettwil, Switzerland.
| | - Johan J Smit
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben, Rosseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria.
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22
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Zahoranová A, Kroneková Z, Zahoran M, Chorvát D, Janigová I, Kronek J. Poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels crosslinked with aliphatic bis(2-oxazoline)s: Properties, cytotoxicity, and cell cultivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zahoranová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Zahoran
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics; Comenius University; Mlynská Dolina, 842 48 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Dušan Chorvát
- International Laser Center; Ilkovičova 3, 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ivica Janigová
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
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23
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Luef KP, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US, Wiesbrock F. Microwave-assisted cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-oxazolines. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE = FORTSCHRITTE DER HOCHPOLYMEREN-FORSCHUNG 2015; 274:183-208. [PMID: 28239203 PMCID: PMC5321602 DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Unlike any other polymer class, the (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s have tremendously benefited from the introduction of microwave reactors into chemical laboratories. This review focuses on the research activities in the area of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s prepared by microwave-assisted syntheses and, correspondingly, summarizes the current-state-of the-art of the microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-oxazoline monomers and the microwave-assisted ring-opening (co-)polymerization of 2-oxazolines as well as prominent examples of post-polymerization modification of (co-)poly(2-oxazoline)s. Special attention is attributed to the kinetic analysis of the microwave-assisted polymerization of 2-oxazolines and the discussion of non-thermal microwave effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus P. Luef
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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24
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Bouten PJM, Hertsen D, Vergaelen M, Monnery BD, Catak S, van Hest JCM, Van Speybroeck V, Hoogenboom R. Synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline)s with side chain methyl ester functionalities: Detailed understanding of living copolymerization behavior of methyl ester containing monomers with 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. M. Bouten
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Hertsen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University; Technologiepark 903, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent Belgium (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance)
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bryn D. Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Saron Catak
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University; Technologiepark 903, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent Belgium (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance)
- Department of Chemistry; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM); Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University; Technologiepark 903, Zwijnaarde 9052, 9000 Ghent Belgium (Member of the QCMM Ghent-Brussels Alliance)
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent Belgium
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25
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26
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Hartlieb M, Kempe K, Schubert US. Covalently cross-linked poly(2-oxazoline) materials for biomedical applications – from hydrogels to self-assembled and templated structures. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:526-538. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01660b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss covalently cross-linked poly(2-oxazoline)s including gels, nanogels and capsules on the basis of their synthetic origin in a biomedical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hartlieb
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)
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