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Kiani MH, ul Hassan MR, Hussain S, Kiani ZH, Ibrahim IM, Shahnaz G, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Cholesterol decorated thiolated stereocomplexed nanomicelles for improved anti-mycobacterial potential via efflux pump and mycothione reductase inhibition. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Lu M, Huang X, Cai X, Sun J, Liu X, Weng L, Zhu L, Luo Q, Chen Z. Hypoxia-Responsive Stereocomplex Polymeric Micelles with Improved Drug Loading Inhibit Breast Cancer Metastasis in an Orthotopic Murine Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20551-20565. [PMID: 35476401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a leading cause of breast cancer-related death. Taxane-loaded polymeric formulations, such as Genexol PM and Nanoxel M using poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) micelles as drug carriers, have been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Unfortunately, the physical instability of PEG-PLA micelles, leading to poor drug loading, premature drug leakage, and consequently limited drug delivery to tumors, largely hinders their therapeutic outcome. Inspired by the enantiomeric nature of PLA, this work developed stereocomplex PEG-PLA micelles through stereoselective interactions of enantiomeric PLA, which are further incorporated with a hypoxia-responsive moiety used as a hypoxia-cleavable linker of PEG and PLA, to maximize therapeutic outcomes. The results showed that the obtained micelles had high structural stability, showing improved drug loading for effective drug delivery to tumors as well as other tissues. Especially, they were capable of sensitively responding to the hypoxic tumor environment for drug release, reversing hypoxia-induced drug resistance and hypoxia-promoted cell migration for enhanced bioavailability under hypoxia. In vivo results further showed that the micelles, especially at a high dose, inhibited the growth of the primary tumor and improved tumor pathological conditions, consequently remarkably inhibiting its metastasis to the lungs and liver, while not causing any systemic toxicity. Hypoxia-responsive stereocomplex micelles thus emerge as a reliable drug delivery system to treat breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Huang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Weng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
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Feng L, Bian X, Li G, Chen X. Thermal Properties and Structural Evolution of Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
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Brzeziński M, Kost B, Gonciarz W, Krupa A, Socka M, Rogala M. Nanocarriers based on block copolymers of l-proline and lactide: The effect of core crosslinking versus its pH-sensitivity on their cellular uptake. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kiani MH, Ali S, Qadry A, Arshad R, Aslam A, Shahnaz G. Polyethylene imine conjugated supramolecular stereocomplexed nanomicelles for intracellular delivery of rifampicin against Mycobacterium bovis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111976. [PMID: 34280682 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate polyethylene imine (PEI) based stereocomplexed nanomiceles for intracellular delivery of rifampicin against Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and their in vitro-in vivo evaluation. The formation of Rifampicin (Rif) loaded isotactic (PEI-g-PLLA and PEI-g-PDLA) and stereocomplexed nanomicelles (StM) of PEI conjugated poly l- and poly d-lactic acid via self-assembly was thoroughly explored. Synthesis of polymer graft was confirmed via FTIR and NMR. A 2-fold reduction in CMC of StM was observed along with decreased particle size in comparison to isotactic nanomicelles. In vitro, StM exhibited a higher encapsulation efficiency and 84 % of drug release in 48 h. at pH 5 with minimal initial burst release in comparison to isotactic nanomicelles. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of StM was found to be four folds lower in contrast to isotactic nanomicelles. Ex vivo studies exhibited a better uptake of StM and minimum cytotoxicity in murine alveolar macrophages. Following oral administration in mice, drug loaded StM exhibited highest distribution in macrophage rich organs, longer half-life, AUC, AUMC and MRT in comparison to isotactic nanomicelles indicating maximum bioavailability and efficacy of StM. In vivo antimycobacterial activity also demonstrated a higher reduction (2.38fold) in M. bovis CFU at reduced dosing frequency by drug loaded StM in comparison to control group. Thus, StM can be regarded as a simple, stable, efficient, and biocompatible carrier system for delivery of rifampicin to intracellular M. bovis with added advantage of reduced dosing frequency and improved patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hassan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Qadry
- Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Aslam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Luo F, Fortenberry A, Ren J, Qiang Z. Recent Progress in Enhancing Poly(Lactic Acid) Stereocomplex Formation for Material Property Improvement. Front Chem 2020; 8:688. [PMID: 32974273 PMCID: PMC7468453 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and utilization of polymers have been widely implemented into diverse applications that benefit modern human society, but one of the most valuable properties of polymers, durability, has posed a long-standing environmental challenge from its inception since plastic waste can lead to significant contamination and remains in landfills and oceans for at least hundreds of years. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) derived from renewable resources provides a sustainable alternative to traditional polymers due to its advantages of comparable mechanical properties with common plastics and biodegradability. However, the poor thermal and hydrolytic stability of PLA-based materials limit their potential for durable applications. Stereocomplex crystallization of enantiomeric poly (l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly (d-lactide) (PDLA) provides a robust approach to significantly enhance material properties such as stability and biocompatibility through strong intermolecular interactions between L-lactyl and D-lactyl units, which has been the key strategy to further PLA applications. This review focuses on discussing recent progress in the development of processing strategies for enhancing the formation of stereocomplexes within PLA materials, including thermal processing, additive manufacturing, and solution casting. The mechanism for enhancing SC formation and resulting material property improvement enabled by each method are also discussed. Finally, we also provide the perspectives on current challenges and opportunities for improving the understanding of processing-structure-property relationship in PLA materials that could be beneficial to their wide practical applications for a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander Fortenberry
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Biocompatible Materials Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid), Chitosan and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract I. Effect of Chitosan on the Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060941. [PMID: 31151276 PMCID: PMC6631666 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to develop new multifunctional environmentally friendly materials having applications both in medical and food packaging fields. New poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based multifunctional materials containing additives derived from natural resources like chitosan (CS) and rosemary extract (R) were obtained by melt mixing. Each of the selected components has its own specific properties such as: PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable biomass, heat-resistant, with mechanical properties close to those of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, and CS offers good antimicrobial activity and biological functions, while R significantly improves antioxidative action necessary in all applications. A synergy of their combination, an optimum choice of their ratio, and processing parameters led to high performance antimicrobial/antioxidant/biocompatible/environmentally degradable materials. The polyethylene glycol (PEG)-plasticized PLA/chitosan/powdered rosemary extract biocomposites of various compositions were characterized in respect to their mechanical and rheological properties, structure by spectroscopy, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy images evidence the morphology features added by rosemary powder presence in polymeric materials. Incorporation of additives improved elongation at break, antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also biocompatibility. Migration of bioactive components into D1 simulant is slower for PEG-plasticized PLA containing 6 wt % chitosan and 0.5 wt % rosemary extract (PLA/PEG/6CS/0.5 R) biocomposite and it occurred by a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The biocomposites show high hydrophilicity and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. No hematological, biochemical and immunological modifications are induced by subcutaneous implantation of biocomposites. All characteristics of the PEG-plasticized PLA-based biocomposites recommend them as valuable materials for biomedical implants, and as well as for the design of innovative drug delivery systems. Also, the developed biocomposites could be a potential nature-derived active packaging with controlled release of antimicrobial/antioxidant compounds.
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Improvement in Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA by Melt Blending with PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA for Potential Use as High-Performance Bioplastics. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8690650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ecofriendly poly(L-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA) are flexible bioplastics. In this work, the blending of poly(D-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D-lactide) (PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA) with various blend ratios for stereocomplex formation has been proved to be an effective method for improving the mechanical properties and heat resistance of PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA films. The PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA/PDLA-b-PEG-b-PLDA blend films were prepared by melt blending followed with compression molding. The stereocomplexation of PLLA and PDLA end-blocks were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of stereocomplex crystallites of blend films increased with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA ratio. From XRD, the blend films exhibited only stereocomplex crystallites. The stress and strain at break of blend films obtained from tensile tests were enhanced by melt blending with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA. The heat resistance of blend films determined from testing of dimensional stability to heat and dynamic mechanical analysis were improved with the PDLA-b-PEG-b-PDLA ratio. The sterecomplex PLLA-b-PEG-b-PLLA/PDL-b-PEG-b-PDLA films prepared by melt processing could be used as flexible and good heat-resistance packaging bioplastics.
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Ding K, Li R, Ma Y, Li N, Zhang T, Cheng-Mei X, Jiang HT, Gong YK. Folate Ligand Orientation Optimized during Cell Membrane Mimetic Micelle Formation for Enhanced Tumor Cell Targeting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1257-1265. [PMID: 29936846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers with strong tumor cell targeting ability have been expected to overcome limitations of cancer chemotherapy. Herein, cell membrane mimetic micelles were prepared from a random copolymer (PMNCF) containing cell membrane phosphorylcholine zwitterion, cholesterol, and tumor cell targeting folic acid (FA) at the side chain ends. Surface orientation of the FA ligand was optimized during PMNCF micelle preparation by controlling solvent solubility for FA. The out-oriented ligands on the micelles were immobilized by the strongly associated hydration layer around the closely packed phosphorylcholine zwitterions. The doxorubicin (DOX) loaded PMNCF micelles were demonstrated to reduce normal cell toxicity to less than 20%. More significantly, HeLa and MCF-7 tumor cell killing efficacy of the optimized formulation was enhanced to 160% compared with that of free DOX. The excellent performances of the drug loaded PMNCF micelles on both tumor cell killing and normal cell toxicity reducing efficacies reveal great potential for developing advanced drug delivery system.
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Zhang W, Gao Y, Yang N, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen HQ, Meng J, Zhang SY, Li W. Sinomenine-loaded microcapsules fabricated by phase reversion emulsification-drying in liquid method: An evaluation of process parameters, characterization, and released properties. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911517751159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sinomenine is a natural alkaloid with important biological activities (e.g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic). However, the unstability and short half-life absolutely limited its application to foods. Microencapsulation technology can offer a way to solve these issues. In this study, polylactic acid microcapsules loading sinomenine hydrochloride were fabricated by phase inversion emulsification-drying in liquid technique. The results showed that microcapsules had nice spherical shape, uniform particle size, and free flowing. The encapsulation efficiency was 89.2% and drug loading was 8.9% under the optimal conditions. In vitro release assays demonstrated that release of sinomenine from microcapsules was sustained and slow. Moreover, it was found that the sinomenine release fitted Fickian diffusion mechanism. The results of cytotoxicity study showed that sinomenine-loaded microcapsules were biocompatible. Sinomenine-loaded microcapsules could inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. In summary, polylactide microcapsules exhibit excellent properties for sinomenine that can be used in drug or food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, Logistics University of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Qiu Chen
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianqiang Meng
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
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Jia S, Yu D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Chen L, Fu L. Morphology, Crystallization and Thermal Behaviors of PLA-Based Composites: Wonderful Effects of Hybrid GO/PEG via Dynamic Impregnating. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E528. [PMID: 30965832 PMCID: PMC6418665 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a dynamic impregnating device, which can generate supersonic vibration with the vacuum-adsorbing field, was used to prepare the hybrid graphene oxide (GO)/polyethylene glycol (PEG). Interestingly, the hybrid GO/PEG under dynamic impregnating and/or internal mixing was introduced into poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix via melting-compounding, respectively. On one hand, compared with the internal mixing, the hybrid GO/PEG with the different component ratio using dynamic impregnation had a better dispersed morphology in the PLA matrix. On the other hand, compared with the high molecular weight (Mw) of PEG, the hybrid GO/PEG with low Mw of PEG had better an exfoliated morphology and significantly improved the heat distortion temperature (HDT) of the PLA matrix. Binding energies results indicate that low Mw of PEG with GO has excellent compatibility. Dispersed morphologies of the hybrid GO/PEG show that the dynamic impregnating had stronger blending capacity than the internal mixing and obviously improved the exfoliated morphology of GO in the PLA. Crystallization behaviors indicate that the hybrid GO/PEG with the low Mw of PEG based on dynamic impregnating effectively enhanced the crystallinity of PLA, and the cold crystallization character of PLA disappeared in the melting process. Moreover, the storage modulus and loss factor of the PLA-based composites were also investigated and their HDT was improved with the introduction of hybrid GO/PEG. Furthermore, a physical model for the dispersed morphology of the hybrid GO/PEG in the PLA matrix was established. Overall, the unique blending technique of hybrid GO/PEG via dynamic impregnating is an effective approach to enhance the property range of PLA and is suitable for many industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikui Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Ligui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
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Li J, Ding J, Liu T, Liu JF, Yan L, Chen X. Poly(lactic acid) Controlled Drug Delivery. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POLY(LACTIC ACID) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2017_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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