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Rayung M, Ghani NA, Hasanudin N. A review on vegetable oil-based non isocyanate polyurethane: towards a greener and sustainable production route. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9273-9299. [PMID: 38505386 PMCID: PMC10949916 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08684d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition from conventional polyurethane (PU) to non isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is driven mainly by safety concerns, environmental considerations, and sustainability issues associated with the current PU technology. NIPU has emerged as a promising alternative, addressing limitations related to traditional PU production. There has been increasing interest in bio-based NIPU aligning with the aspiration for green materials and processes. One important biomass resource for the development of bio-based NIPU is vegetable oil, an abundant, renewable, and relatively low cost feedstock. As such, this review aims to provide insight into the progression of NIPU derived from vegetable oils. This article highlights the synthetic and green approach to NIPU production, emphasizing the method involving the polyaddition reaction of cyclic carbonates and amines. The review includes case studies on vegetable oil-based NIPU and perspectives on their properties. Further, discussions on the potential applications and commercial importance of PU and NIPU are included. Finally, we offer perspectives on possible research directions and the future prospects of NIPU, contributing to the ongoing evolution of PU technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- School of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang Kampus Jengka 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Pahang Malaysia
| | - Noraini Abd Ghani
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia
- Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Hasanudin
- Terra Mineral Lab Sdn Bhd Level 16, Perak Techno Trade Centre Bandar Meru Jaya, Off Jalan Jelapan Ipoh 30020 Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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2
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Mangal M, H S, Bose S, Banerjee T. Innovations in applications and prospects of non-isocyanate polyurethane bioplastics. Biopolymers 2023; 114:e23568. [PMID: 37846654 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Currently, conventional plastics are necessary for a variety of aspects of modern daily life, including applications in the fields of healthcare, technology, and construction. However, they could also contain potentially hazardous compounds like isocyanates, whose degradation has a negative impact on both the environment and human health. Therefore, researchers are exploring alternatives to plastic which is sustainable and environmentally friendly without compromising its mechanical and physical features. This review study highlights the production of highly eco-friendly bioplastic as an efficient alternative to non-biodegradable conventional plastic. Bioplastics are produced from various renewable biomass sources such as plant debris, fatty acids, and oils. Poly-addition of di-isocyanates and polyols is a technique employed over decades to produce polyurethanes (PUs) bioplastics from renewable biomass feedstock. The toxicity of isocyanates is a major concern with the above-mentioned approach. Novel green synthetic approaches for polyurethanes without using isocyanates have been attracting greater interest in recent years to overcome the toxicity of isocyanate-containing raw materials. The polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines appears to be the most promising method to obtain non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). This method results in the creation of polymeric materials with distinctive and adaptable features with the elimination of harmful compounds. Consequently, non-isocyanate polyurethanes represent a new class of green polymeric materials. In this review study, we have discussed the possibility of creating novel NIPUs from renewable feedstocks in the context of the growing demand for efficient and ecologically friendly plastic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangal Mangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Supriya H
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tamal Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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3
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Recent Advances in Fabrication of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane-Based Composite Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133497. [PMID: 34201649 PMCID: PMC8269506 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a significant group of polymeric materials that, due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties, are used in a wide range of applications. Conventionally, PUs are obtained in polyaddition reactions between diisocyanates and polyols. Due to the toxicity of isocyanate raw materials and their synthesis method utilizing phosgene, new cleaner synthetic routes for polyurethanes without using isocyanates have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Among different attempts to replace the conventional process, polyaddition of cyclic carbonates (CCs) and polyfunctional amines seems to be the most promising way to obtain non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) or, more precisely, polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), while primary and secondary –OH groups are being formed alongside urethane linkages. Such an approach eliminates hazardous chemical compounds from the synthesis and leads to the fabrication of polymeric materials with unique and tunable properties. The main advantages include better chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance, and the process itself is invulnerable to moisture, which is an essential technological feature. NIPUs can be modified via copolymerization or used as matrices to fabricate polymer composites with different additives, similar to their conventional counterparts. Hence, non-isocyanate polyurethanes are a new class of environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Many papers on the matter above have been published, including both original research and extensive reviews. However, they do not provide collected information on NIPU composites fabrication and processing. Hence, this review describes the latest progress in non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis, modification, and finally processing. While focusing primarily on the carbonate/amine route, methods of obtaining NIPU are described, and their properties are presented. Ways of incorporating various compounds into NIPU matrices are characterized by the role of PHU materials in copolymeric materials or as an additive. Finally, diverse processing methods of non-isocyanate polyurethanes are presented, including electrospinning or 3D printing.
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Mhd Haniffa MAC, Munawar K, Ching YC, Illias HA, Chuah CH. Bio-based Poly(hydroxy urethane)s: Synthesis and Pre/Post-Functionalization. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1281-1297. [PMID: 33871151 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New and emerging demand for polyurethane (PU) continues to rise over the years. The harmful isocyanate binding agents and their integrated PU products are at the height of environmental concerns, in particular PU (macro and micro) pollution and their degradation problems. Non-isocyanate poly(hydroxy urethane)s (NIPUs) are sustainable and green alternatives to conventional PUs. Since the introduction of NIPU in 1957, the market value of NIPU and its hybridized materials has increased exponentially in 2019 and is expected to continue to rise in the coming years. The secondary hydroxyl groups of these NIPU's urethane moiety have revolutionized them by allowing for adequate pre/post functionalization. This minireview highlights different strategies and advances in pre/post-functionalization used in biobased NIPU. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of the development of new ideas in this field to achieve more efficient synthetic biobased hybridized NIPU processes through selective and kinetic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Abd Cader Mhd Haniffa
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of Eangineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khadija Munawar
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of Eangineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of Eangineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlee Azil Illias
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing, Faculty of Eangineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Haniffa MAM, Illias HA, Chee CY, Ibrahim S, Sandu V, Chuah CH. Nonisocyanate Poly(Hydroxyl Urethane)-Based Green Polymer Hybrid Coating Systems: Tailoring of Biomacromolecular Compound Architecture Using APTMS-ZnO/TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10315-10326. [PMID: 32426588 PMCID: PMC7226854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid bionanocomposite coating systems (HBCSs) are green polymer materials consisting of an interface between a coating matrix and nanoparticles. The coating matrix was prepared by using a nonisocyanate poly(hydroxyl urethane) (NIPHU) prepolymer crosslinked via 1,3-diaminopropane and epoxidized Jatropha curcas oil. TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanoparticles (TARC) were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose, and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS)-coated ZnO nanoparticles (APTMS-ZnO) and their suspensions were synthesized separately. The suspensions at different weight ratios were incorporated into the coating matrix to prepare a series of HBCSs. FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, XRD, SEM, and TEM were used to confirm the chemical structures, morphology, and elements of the coating matrix, nanomaterials, and HBCSs. The thermomechanical properties of the HBCSs were investigated by TGA-DTG and pencil hardness analyses. The UV and IR absorption spectra of the HBCSs were obtained using UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The HBCSs exhibited good thermal stability at about 200 °C. The degradation temperature at 5% mass loss of all samples was over around 280 °C. The HBCSs exhibited excellent UV block and IR active properties with a stoichiometric ratio of the NIPHU prepolymer and EJCO of 1:1 (wt/wt) containing 5 wt % TARC and 15 wt % APTMS-ZnO nanoparticles. It was observed that the sample with 5 wt % TARC and 15 wt % APTMS-ZnO (HBCS-2) exhibited a uniform crosslinking and reinforcement network with a T onset of 282 °C. This sample has successfully achieved good coating hardness and excellent UV and IR absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd. Abd.
Cader Mhd. Haniffa
- Advanced
Materials Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazlee Azil Illias
- Advanced
Materials Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Yern Chee
- Advanced
Materials Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Institute
of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research &
Innovation) Office, University of Malaya,
Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viorel Sandu
- Dept.
Magnetism and Superconductivity, National
Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor Str., Magurele,
J.Ilfov, POBox MG-7, 077125 Romania
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Malaya, Malaysia, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Das M, Mandal B, Katiyar V. Environment‐friendly synthesis of sustainable chitosan‐based nonisocyanate polyurethane: A biobased polymeric film. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Munmi Das
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam India
| | - Bishnupada Mandal
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam India
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He X, Xu X, Wan Q, Bo G, Yan Y. Solvent- and Catalyst-free Synthesis, Hybridization and Characterization of Biobased Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1026. [PMID: 31185687 PMCID: PMC6631551 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is a research hotspot in polyurethane applications because it does not use phosgene. Herein, a novel method of solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of a hybrid nonisocyanate polyurethane (HNIPU) is proposed. First, four diamines were used to react with ethylene carbonate to obtain four bis(hydroxyethyloxycarbonylamino)alkane (BHA). Then, BHA reacted with dimer acid under condensation in the melt to prepare four nonisocynate polyurethane prepolymers. Further, the HNIPUs were obtained by crosslinking prepolymers and resin epoxy and cured with the program temperature rise. In addition, four amines and two resin epoxies were employed to study the effects and regularity of HNIPUs. According to the results from thermal and dynamic mechanical analyses, those HNIPUs showed a high degree of thermal stability, and the highest 5% weight loss reached about 350 °C. More importantly, the utilization of these green raw materials accords with the concept of sustainable development. Further, the synthetic method and HNIPUs don't need isocyanates, catalysts, or solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangxu Bo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yesudass Sebastin A, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Synthesis and characterization of eco‐friendly siloxane‐semifluorinated polyurethane coatings for underwater application. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yesudass Sebastin
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric MaterialsCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology B‐25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric MaterialsCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology B‐25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric MaterialsCentral Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology B‐25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024 Odisha India
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Xie F, Zhang T, Bryant P, Kurusingal V, Colwell JM, Laycock B. Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Kim SM, Park SA, Hwang SY, Kim ES, Jegal J, Im C, Jeon H, Oh DX, Park J. Environmentally-Friendly Synthesis of Carbonate-Type Macrodiols and Preparation of Transparent Self-Healable Thermoplastic Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E663. [PMID: 30965963 PMCID: PMC6418697 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonate-type macrodiols synthesized by base-catalyzed polycondensation of co-diols and dimethyl carbonate as an environmentally-friendly route were subsequently utilized for the preparation of transparent and self-healable thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) containing a carbonate-type soft segment. Three types of macrodiols, obtained from mono, dual and triple diol-monomers for target molecular weights of 1 and 1.5 kg mol-1, were analyzed by ¹H NMR integration and the OH titration value. Colorless transparent macrodiols in a liquid state at a room temperature of 20 °C were obtained, except the macrodiol from mono 1,6-hexanediol. Before TPU synthesis, macrodiols require pH neutralization to prevent gelation. TPUs synthesized by a solution pre-polymer method with 4,4'-methylene(bisphenyl isocyanate) and 1,4-butanediol as a chain extender exhibited moderate molecular weights, good transparencies and robust mechanical properties. Especially, the incorporation of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol within carbonate-type macrodiols enhanced the transparency of the resultant TPUs by decreasing the degree of microphase separation evidenced by ATR-FTIR and DSC. Interestingly, packing density of hard segments and the degree of microphase separation determined the self-healing efficiency of TPUs, which showed good performances in the case of sourced macrodiols from triple diol-monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Mi Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Eun Seon Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Jonggeon Jegal
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Changgyu Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea.
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea.
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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