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Gayathri V, Lobo NP, Vikash VL, Kamini NR, Samanta D. Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Related Surfaces Using a Facile Coupling Reaction by Thermoresponsive Catalyst. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:625-641. [PMID: 36632811 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bacterial cellulose and related materials attracted significant attention for applications such as leather-like materials, wound healing materials, etc., due to their abundance in pure form and excellent biocompatibility. Chemical modification of bacterial cellulose further helps to improve specific properties for practical utility and economic viability. However, in most cases, chemical modification of cellulose materials involves harsh experimental conditions such as higher temperatures or organic solvents, which may destroy the 3-dimensional network of bacterial cellulose, thereby altering its characteristic properties. Hence, in this work, we have adopted the Suzuki coupling methodology, which is relatively unexplored for chemically modifying cellulose materials. As the Suzuki coupling reaction is tolerable against air and water, modification can be done under mild conditions so that the covalently modified cellulose materials remain intact without destroying their 3-dimensional form. We performed Suzuki coupling reactions on cellulose surfaces using a recently developed thermoresponsive catalyst consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-tagged N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based palladium(II) complex. The thermoresponsive nature of the catalyst particularly helped to perform reactions in a water medium under mild conditions considering the biological nature of the substrates, where separation of the catalyst can be easily achieved by tuning temperature. The boronic acid derivatives have been chosen to alter the wettability behavior of bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose (BC) obtained from fermentation on a lab scale using a cellulose-producing bacterium called Gluconacetobacter kombuchae (MTCC 6913) under Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium, or kombucha-derived bacterial cellulose (KBC) obtained from kombucha available in the market or cotton-cellulose (CC) was chosen for the surface functionalization to find the methodology's diversity. Movie files in the Supporting Information and figures in the manuscript demonstrated the utility of the methodology for fluorescent labeling of bacterial cellulose and related materials. Finally, contact angle analysis of the surfaces showed the hydrophobic natures of some functionalized BC-based materials, which are important for the practical use of biomaterials in wet climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnakumar Gayathri
- Polymer Science & Technology division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai600020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| | - Nitin P Lobo
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India.,Centre For Analysis, Testing, Evaluation & Reporting Services (CATERS), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai600 020, India
| | - Vijan Lal Vikash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India.,Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai600020, India
| | - Numbi Ramudu Kamini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India.,Biochemistry & Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai600020, India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai600020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
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Wu JH, Hu TG, Wang H, Zong MH, Wu H, Wen P. Electrospinning of PLA Nanofibers: Recent Advances and Its Potential Application for Food Packaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8207-8221. [PMID: 35775601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid), also abbreviated as PLA, is a promising biopolymer for food packaging owing to its environmental-friendly characteristic and desirable physical properties. Electrospinning technology makes the production of PLA-based nanomaterials available with expected structures and enhanced barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties; especially, the facile process produces a high encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of bioactive agents for the purpose of extending the shelf life and promoting the quality of foodstuffs. In this study, different types of electrospinning techniques used for the preparation of PLA-based nanofibers are summarized, and the enhanced properties of which are also described. Moreover, its application in active and intelligent packaging materials by introducing different components into nanofibers is highlighted. In all, the review establishes the promising prospects of PLA-based nanocomposites for food packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wu
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Wen
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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3
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Kosuru SR, Chang YL, Chen PY, Lee W, Lai YC, Ding S, Chen HY, Chen HY, Chang YC. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone by Using Aluminum Complexes Bearing Aryl Thioether Phenolates: Labile Thioether Chelation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3997-4008. [PMID: 35020371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, aluminum complexes bearing ferrocene-based and arylthiomethylphenolate ligands were synthesized, and their catalytic activity for ε-caprolactone (CL) polymerization was investigated. The catalytic activity of the reduced form of Al complexes was higher than that of the oxidized form. The CL polymerization rate of the reduced form fcO2AlMe (75 min, conversion = 100%) was higher than that of the oxidized form fcoxO2AlMe (4320 min, conversion = 45%), and the CL polymerization rate of fc(OAlMe2)2 (40 min, conversion = 100%) was higher than that of fcox(OAlMe2)2 (60 min, conversion = 97%). Electron deficiency substituents on phenolate decreased the catalytic activity of Al complexes bearing arylthiomethylphenolate ligands. Density functional theory calculations revealed that thioether coordination stabilized the transition state (TS1) and that the oxidized form fcox(OAlMe2)2 exhibited weaker thioether coordination and higher activation energy in TS1 compared with those of the reduced form fcO2AlMe. In addition, our study determined that the thioether group is a suitable chelating group for Al catalysts in CL polymerization due to its labile nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Kosuru
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Wei Lee
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, ROC
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424, ROC.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80708, ROC
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bacterial Cellulose: Production, Characterization, and Application as Antimicrobial Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312984. [PMID: 34884787 PMCID: PMC8657668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a multifaceted, versatile biomaterial with abundant applications. Groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are accountable for BC synthesis through static or agitated fermentation processes in the presence of competent media. In comparison to static cultivation, agitated cultivation provides the maximum yield of the BC. A pure cellulose BC can positively interact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic biopolymers while being used in the biomedical domain. From the last two decades, the reinforcement of biopolymer-based biocomposites and its applicability with BC have increased in the research field. The harmony of hydrophobic biopolymers can be reduced due to the high moisture content of BC in comparison to hydrophilic biopolymers. Mechanical properties are the important parameters not only in producing green composite but also in dealing with tissue engineering, medical implants, and biofilm. The wide requisition of BC in medical as well as industrial fields has warranted the scaling up of the production of BC with added economy. This review provides a detailed overview of the production and properties of BC and several parameters affecting the production of BC and its biocomposites, elucidating their antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy with an insight to highlight their therapeutic potential.
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Kosuru SR, Lai FJ, Chang YL, Li CY, Lai YC, Ding S, Wu KH, Chen HY, Lo YH. Collaboration between Trinuclear Aluminum Complexes Bearing Bipyrazoles in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10535-10549. [PMID: 34232620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear aluminum complexes bearing bipyrazoles were synthesized, and their catalytic activity for ε-caprolactone (CL) polymerization was investigated. DBu2Al3Me5 exhibited higher catalytic activity than did the dinuclear aluminum complex LBu2Al2Me4 (16 times as high for CL polymerization; [CL]:[DBu2Al3Me5]:[BnOH] = 100:0.5:5, [DBu2Al3Me5] = 10 mM, conversion 93% after 18 min at room temperature). Density functional theory calculations revealed a polymerization mechanism in which CL first approached the central Al atom and then moved to an external Al. The coordinated CL ring was opened because the repulsion of two tert-butyl groups on the ligands pushed an alkoxide initiator on an external Al to initiate CL. In these trinuclear Al catalysts, the central Al plays a role in monomer capture and then collaborates with the external Al to activate CL, accelerating polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someswara Rao Kosuru
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yu Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chun Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Han Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Minato City 108-8345, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang TF, Kosuru SR, Yu SC, Chang YC, Lai HY, Chang YL, Wu KH, Ding S, Chen HY. Use of pyrazoles as ligands greatly enhances the catalytic activity of titanium iso-propoxide for the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide: a cooperation effect. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40690-40696. [PMID: 35519227 PMCID: PMC9057761 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using TiOiPr4 with a pyrazole ligand for one-pot LA polymerization improved catalytic activity compared with using TiOiPr4 only. At 60 °C, TiOiPr4 with furPz exhibited a higher catalytic activity (approximately 3-fold) than TiOiPr4. At room temperature, TiOiPr4 with BuPz exhibited a higher catalytic activity (approximately 17-fold) than TiOiPr4. High molecular mass PLA (M nGPC = 51 100, and Đ = 1.10) could be produced by using TiOiPr4 with furPz in melt polymerization ([TiOiPr4] : [furPz] = 1000 : 1 : 1 at 100 °C, 240 min). The crystal structure of MePz2Ti2OiPr7 revealed the cooperative activation between two Ti atoms during LA polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Someswara Rao Kosuru
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Shu-Chun Yu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Yung-Chi Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Hsin-Yu Lai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Yu-Lun Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585
| | - Kuo-Hui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University Tamsui 251 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80708 Republic of China +886-7-3125339 +886-7-3121101 ext. 2585.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan 80424 Republic of China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan Republic of China
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Naeem MA, Lv P, Zhou H, Naveed T, Wei Q. A Novel In Situ Self-Assembling Fabrication Method for Bacterial Cellulose-Electrospun Nanofiber Hybrid Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E712. [PMID: 30960637 PMCID: PMC6404102 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling fabrication methodology has recently attracted attention for the production of bio-degradable polymer nanocomposites. In this research work, bacterial cellulose/electrospun nanofiber hybrid mats (BC/CA-ENM) were formed by incorporating cellulose acetate electrospun nanofiber membranes (CA-ENMs) in the fermentation media, followed by in situ self-assembly of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers. ENMs exhibit excessive hydrophobicity, attributed to their high crystallinity and reorientation of hydrophobic groups at the air/solid interfaces. We aimed to improve the hydrophilic and other functional properties of ENMs. As-prepared nanohybrid structures were characterized using SEM and FTIR. SEM results revealed that in situ self-assembling of BC nanofibers onto the electrospun membrane's surface and penetration into pores gradually increased with extended fermentation periods. The surface hydrophilicity and water absorption capacity of as-prepared hybrid mats was also tested and analyzed. Hybrid mats were observably more hydrophilic than an electrospun membrane and more hydrophobic compared to BC films. In addition, the incorporation of CA electrospun membranes in the culture media as a foundation for BC nanofiber growth resulted in improved tensile strength of the hybrid nanocomposites compared to ENMs. Overall, the results indicated the successful fabrication of nanocomposites through a novel approach, with samples demonstrating improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Tayyab Naveed
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201600, China.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Li J, Du B, Su J, Liang H, Liu Y. Surface Layer Fluorination-Modulated Space Charge Behaviors in HVDC Cable Accessory. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E500. [PMID: 30966534 PMCID: PMC6415413 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Space charges tend to accumulate on the surface and at the interface of ethylene⁻propylene⁻diene terpolymer (EPDM), serving as high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable accessory insulation, which likely induces electrical field distortion and dielectric breakdown. Direct fluorination is an effective method to modify the surface characteristics of the EPDM without altering the bulk properties too much. In this paper, the surface morphology, hydrophobic properties, relative permittivity, and DC conductivity of the EPDM before and after fluorination treatment were tested. Furthermore, the surface and interface charge behaviors in the HVDC cable accessory were investigated by the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method, and explained from the point of view of trap distribution. The results show that fluorination helps the EPDM polymer obtain lower surface energy and relative permittivity, which is beneficial to the interface match in composite insulation systems. The lowest degree of space charge accumulation occurs in EPDM with 30 min of fluorination. After analyzing the results of the 3D potentials and the density of states (DOS) behaviors in EPDM before and after fluorination, it can be found that fluorination treatment introduces shallower electron traps, and the special electrostatic potential after fluorination can significantly suppress the space charge accumulation at the interface in the HVDC cable accessory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Boxue Du
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jingang Su
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hucheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Dima SO, Panaitescu DM, Orban C, Ghiurea M, Doncea SM, Fierascu RC, Nistor CL, Alexandrescu E, Nicolae CA, Trică B, Moraru A, Oancea F. Bacterial Nanocellulose from Side-Streams of Kombucha Beverages Production: Preparation and Physical-Chemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E374. [PMID: 30971046 PMCID: PMC6418918 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We focused on preparing cellulose nanofibrils by purification, separation, and mechanical treatment of Kombucha membranes (KM) resulted as secondary product from beverage production by fermentation of tea broth with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). We purified KM using two alkaline solutions, 1 and 4 M NaOH, which afterwards were subjected to various mechanical treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to evaluate the purification degree, the size and aspect of cellulose fibrils after each treatment step, the physical-chemical properties of intermediary and final product, and for comparison with micro-crystalline cellulose from wooden sources. We determined that 1 M NaOH solution leads to approx. 85% purification, while a higher concentration assures almost 97% impurities removal. XRD analysis evidenced an increase in crystallinity from 37% to 87% after purification, the characteristic diffractograms of Iα and Iβ cellulose allomorphs, and a further decrease in crystallinity to 46% after microfluidization, fact correlated with a drastically decrease in fibrils' size. FTIR analysis evidenced the appearance of new chain ends by specific transmission bands at 2941 and 2843cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Csongor Orban
- S.C. Corax Bioner CEU S.A., 53 Sarkadi Elek, Miercurea Ciuc 530200, Romania.
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- INCDCP ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bogdan Trică
- INCDCP ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Angela Moraru
- S.C. Laboratoarele Medica Srl, 11 Frasinului Str., Otopeni 075100, Romania.
| | - Florin Oancea
- INCDCP ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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