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Cheng J, Jiang R, Shan Y, Sun H, Kanehashi S, Ogino K. Polyfluorene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers: synthesis and electron transport behavior. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23505-23510. [PMID: 39071481 PMCID: PMC11273366 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Under mild reaction conditions, we synthesized diblock copolymers of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PFO-b-PEO) via end-capping poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on one end. We investigated the thermal, optical, electrochemical and crystalline properties as well as electron transport performance of these polymers. Our results demonstrate that PFO-b-PEO diblock copolymers with short PEO chains (M n = 1000 and 2000 g mol-1) exhibit higher electron mobilities compared to the PFO homopolymer and longer PEO chain (M n = 4000 g mol-1) attached copolymers. This enhanced electron mobility is attributed to the higher crystallinity induced by the shorter PEO chain end-capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering Changzhou 213164 China
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuhua Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China
| | - Hong Sun
- Zhejiang Fenghong New-material Co. Ltd. Huzhou 313300 China
| | - Shinji Kanehashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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2
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Gaßdorf F, Fan Z, Schwaderer J, Beuermann S, Wilhelm R, Weber AP, Fischlschweiger M. Macromolecular Architecture-Dependent Polymorphous Crystallization Behavior of PVDF in the PVDF/γ-BL System via Thermally Induced Phase Separation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300177. [PMID: 37461210 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the macromolecular architecture of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on its thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) behavior and polymorphic crystallization in the PVDF/γ-butyrolactone (PVDF/γ-BL) system. Preparative PVDF fractions with specific macromolecular architecture and phase constitution are generated. The results show that PVDF's macromolecular architecture, particularly the degree of branching and regio-defects, plays a significant role in its temperature-dependent crystallization and resulting polymorphic phases. While regio-defects dominate crystallization in the temperature range between 30 and 25 °C, the degree of branching becomes decisive in the 25-20 °C interval. The developed fractions of PVDF are further analyzed in terms of their molecular weight distribution, revealing that the PVDF fractions crystallized out of solution have similar molecular weight distributions with lower dispersity compared with the feed polymer. These findings are crucial for macromolecular separation and adjustment of PVDF polymorphic properties and hence for the development of tailor-made PVDF matrix materials for composites and membranes. The findings suggest the possibility of polymorphous phase tailoring of PVDF based on macromolecular architecture due to temperature-controlled crystallization out of solution and strongly motivate further research to reveal deeper knowledge of regio-defect and branching influence of PVDF solution crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaßdorf
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics and Energy Efficient Material Treatment, Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Fuel Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastraße 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Zengxuan Fan
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics and Energy Efficient Material Treatment, Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Fuel Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastraße 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schwaderer
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - René Wilhelm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Alfred P Weber
- Institute of Particle Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 19, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Michael Fischlschweiger
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics and Energy Efficient Material Treatment, Institute for Energy Process Engineering and Fuel Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastraße 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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3
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Koguchi R, Jankova K, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto A, Murakami D, Yang Q, Ameduri B, Tanaka M. Altering the bio-inert properties of surfaces by fluorinated copolymers of mPEGMA. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213573. [PMID: 37562157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophilic materials display "bio-inert properties", meaning that they are less recognized as foreign substances by proteins and cells. Such materials are often water soluble; therefore, one general approach to enable the use of these materials in various applications deals with copolymerizing hydrophilic monomers with hydrophobic ones to facilitate such resulting copolymers water insoluble. However, reducing the hydrophilic monomer amount may reduce the bio-inert properties of the material. The decrease in bio-inert properties can be avoided when small amounts of fluorine are used in copolymers with hydrophilic monomers, as presented in this article. Even in small quantities (7.9 wt%), the fluorinated monomer, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl 2-fluoroacrylate (FAHFiP), contributed to the improved hydrophobicity of the polymers of the long side-chain poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) bearing nine ethylene glycol units turning them water insoluble. As evidenced by the AFM deformation image, a phase separation between the FAHFiP and mPEGMA domains was observed. The copolymer with the highest amount of the fluorinated monomer (66.2 wt%) displayed also high (82 %) FAHFiP amount at the polymer-water interface. In contrast, the hydrated sample with the lowest FAHFiP/highest mPEGMA amount was enriched of three times more hydrophilic domains at the polymer-water interface compared to that of the sample with the highest FAHFiP content. Thus, by adding a small FAHFiP amount to mPEGMA copolymers, water insoluble in the bulk too, could be turned highly hydrophilic at the water interface. The high content of intermediate water contributed to their excellent bio-inert properties. Platelet adhesion and fibrinogen adsorption on their surfaces were even more decreased as compared to those on poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate), which is typically used in medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Koguchi
- AGC Inc. Organic Materials Division, Materials Integration Laboratories, 1-1 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Katja Jankova
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Build. 375, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yukiko Tanaka
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daiki Murakami
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Qizhi Yang
- University of Montpellier, ICGM, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- University of Montpellier, ICGM, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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4
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Exploring chemical and structural features to tailor wetting properties of PVDF and PVDF/PMMA surfaces. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Pakhira M, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Chatterjee DP, Nandi AK. Development of poly(vinylidene fluoride) graft random copolymer membrane for antifouling and antimicrobial applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Influence of the solvent evaporation rate on the β-Phase content of electrosprayed PVDF particles and films studied by a fast Multi-Overtone QCM. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Falireas PG, Ameduri B. Cobalt-Mediated Radical Copolymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride and 2,3,3,3-Trifluoroprop-1-ene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2676. [PMID: 34451216 PMCID: PMC8402042 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New copolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (1234yf) were synthesized by organometallic-mediated radical copolymerization (OMRcP) using the combination of bis(tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate initiator and bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II), (Co(acac)2) as a controlling agent. Kinetics studies of the copolymerization of the fluoroalkenes copolymers were monitored by GPC and 19F NMR with molar masses up to 12,200 g/mol and dispersities (Đ) ranging from 1.33 to 1.47. Such an OMRcP behaves as a controlled copolymerization, evidenced by the molar mass of the resulting copolymer-monomer conversion linear relationship. The reactivity ratios, ri, of both comonomers were determined by using the Fineman-Ross and Kelen-Tüdos fitting model leading to rVDF = 0.384 ± 0.013 and r1234yf = 2.147 ± 0.129 at 60 °C, showing that a lower reactivity of VDF integrated in the copolymer to a greater extent leads to the production of gradient or pseudo-diblock copolymers. In addition, the Q (0.03) and e (0.06 and 0.94) parameters were assessed, as well as the dyad statistic distributions and mean square sequence lengths of PVDF and P1234yf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
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María N, Maiz J, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Algarni F, Zapzas G, Hadjichristidis N, Müller AJ. Phase Transitions in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Diblock Copolymers and Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34372044 PMCID: PMC8348057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization and morphology of two linear diblock copolymers based on polymethylene (PM) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with compositions PM23-b-PVDF77 and PM38-b-PVDF62 (where the subscripts indicate the relative compositions in wt%) were compared with blends of neat components with identical compositions. The samples were studied by SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), WAXS (Wide Angle X-ray Scattering), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), BDS (broadband dielectric spectroscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The results showed that the blends are immiscible, while the diblock copolymers are miscible in the melt state (or very weakly segregated). The PVDF component crystallization was studied in detail. It was found that the polymorphic structure of PVDF was a strong function of its environment. The number of polymorphs and their amount depended on whether it was on its own as a homopolymer, as a block component in the diblock copolymers or as an immiscible phase in the blends. The cooling rate in non-isothermal crystallization or the crystallization temperature in isothermal tests also induced different polymorphic compositions in the PVDF crystals. As a result, we were able to produce samples with exclusive ferroelectric phases at specific preparation conditions, while others with mixtures of paraelectric and ferroelectric phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás María
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Jon Maiz
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Matrials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (D.E.M.-T.); (A.A.)
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fatimah Algarni
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - George Zapzas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE—Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Unexpected Radical Telomerisation of Vinylidene Fluoride with 2-Mercaptoethanol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113082. [PMID: 34064078 PMCID: PMC8196733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radical telomerisation of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) with 2-mercaptoethanol as chain transfer agent (CTA) was studied to synthesise fluorinated telomers which bear a hydroxy end-group, such as H(VDF)nS(CH2)2OH, under thermal (di-tert-butyl peroxide as the initiator) or photochemical initiations. A careful structural study of a typical H-VDF-S(CH2)2OH telomer was performed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. These analytical methods allowed us to explore the selective addition of the thiyl radical onto the hydrogenated side of VDF, and the telomer containing one VDF unit was obtained selectively. Surprisingly, for higher [VDF]o initial concentrations, a monoadduct telomer was produced as well as PVDF homopolymer. This feature was related to the fast consumption of the CTA. The kinetics of radical telomerisation led to a quite high transfer constant of the CTA (40 at 140 °C) that evidences the formation of a monoadduct as the only telomer formed.
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Sanfelice RC, Balogh DT, Lederle F, Adams J, Beuermann S. Studies of Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer Films of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) and Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride). J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7037-7045. [PMID: 32678603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic use of blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) or poly((vinylidene fluoride)-block-(methyl methacrylate)) (PVDF-PMMA) to form Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films is reported. P3HT has wide applications in sensor devices because of its properties such as conductivity, luminescence, and chromism; however, the stiffness of the films and the difficulty in organizing the molecules may pose a problem in these applications. In this context, polymers based on PVDF can be used in the formation of thin P3HT films and present an alternative to improve the organization of P3HT molecules. In addition, PVDF acts as a plasticizer, making the film less rigid. The films were obtained from the blends of P3HT/PVDF and P3HT/PVDF-PMMA in a solution containing chloroform and DMAc (N,N-dimethylacetamide). Surface pressure isotherms, in situ ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, and Brewster angle microscopy techniques were used to analyze Langmuir films. The surface morphology of LS films was characterized by atomic force microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy, and their degradation was analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy after exposure to natural light under atmospheric conditions. The Langmuir films containing PVDF indicate a direct formation of the ferroelectric β phase, with dipoles parallel to the water surface. The Langmuir films formed by P3HT presented dipoles of side chains parallel and aromatic groups perpendicular to the water surface. P3HT and PVDF or PVDF-PMMA films show high molecular organization compared with pure P3HT films. The results suggest that these films could be used to improve the properties of P3HT in several device applications, such as in optical and electrical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Cristina Sanfelice
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological and Exact Sciences - ICTE, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), 38064-200 Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Débora Terezia Balogh
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix Lederle
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Adams
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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11
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Macromolecular engineering approach for the preparation of new architectures from fluorinated olefins and their applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Inducing β phase crystallinity of PVDF homopolymer, blends and block copolymers by anti-solvent crystallization. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morales-Cerrada R, Ladmiral V, Gayet F, Fliedel C, Poli R, Améduri B. Fluoroalkyl Pentacarbonylmanganese(I) Complexes as Initiators for the Radical (co)Polymerization of Fluoromonomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E384. [PMID: 32046342 PMCID: PMC7077403 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of [Mn(RF)(CO)5] (RF = CF3, CHF2, CH2CF3, COCF2CH3) to initiate the radical polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (F2C=CH2, VDF) and the radical alternating copolymerization of vinyl acetate (CH2=CHOOCCH3, VAc) with tert-butyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate (MAF-TBE) by generating primary RF• radicals is presented. Three different initiating methods with [Mn(CF3)(CO)5] (thermal at ca. 100 °C, visible light and UV irradiations) are described and compared. Fair (60%) to satisfactory (74%) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) yields were obtained from the visible light and UV activations, respectively. Molar masses of PVDF reaching 53,000 g·mol-1 were produced from the visible light initiation after 4 h. However, the use of [Mn(CHF2)(CO)5] and [Mn(CH2CF3)(CO)5] as radical initiators produced PVDF in a very low yield (0 to 7%) by both thermal and photochemical initiations, while [Mn(COCF2CH3)(CO)5] led to the formation of PVDF in a moderate yield (7% to 23%). Nevertheless, complexes [Mn(CH2CF3)(CO)5] and [Mn(COCHF2)(CO)5] efficiently initiated the alternating VAc/MAF-TBE copolymerization. All synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy, which proves the formation of the expected PVDF or poly(VAc-alt-MAF-TBE) and showing the chaining defects and the end-groups in the case of PVDF. The kinetics of VDF homopolymerization showed a linear ln[M]0/[M] versus time relationship, but a decrease of molar masses vs. VDF conversion was noted in all cases, which shows the absence of control. These PVDFs were rather thermally stable in air (up to 410 °C), especially for those having the highest molar masses. The melting points ranged from 164 to 175 °C while the degree of crystallinity varied from 44% to 53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morales-Cerrada
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; (R.M.-C.); (V.L.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (F.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; (R.M.-C.); (V.L.)
| | - Florence Gayet
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (F.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Christophe Fliedel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (F.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; (F.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; (R.M.-C.); (V.L.)
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14
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Patil Y, Zapsas G, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Iodine‐transfer polymerization and CuAAC “click” chemistry: A versatile approach toward poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based amphiphilic triblock terpolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patil
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Olkhov YA, Allyarov SR, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Frolov IA, Demidov SV. Effect of X-ray beam on the molecular–topological structure of the surface of kynar® polyvinylidene fluoride resin. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Zapsas G, Patil Y, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Polymethylene-Based Block Copolymers and Terpolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Falireas PG, Ladmiral V, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C, Poli R, Ameduri B. Straightforward Synthesis of Well-Defined Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and Its Block Copolymers by Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGM CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier F-34296, France
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman B6a, Liege 4000, Belgium
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse 31077 Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, Paris 75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Ameduri
- ICGM CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier F-34296, France
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18
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Morales‐Cerrada R, Fliedel C, Daran J, Gayet F, Ladmiral V, Améduri B, Poli R. Fluoroalkyl Radical Generation by Homolytic Bond Dissociation in Pentacarbonylmanganese Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 25:296-308. [PMID: 30230633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Morales‐Cerrada
- CNRSLCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Fliedel
- CNRSLCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Jean‐Claude Daran
- CNRSLCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Florence Gayet
- CNRSLCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Bruno Améduri
- ICGMUniv MontpellierCNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRSLCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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19
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Ruan L, Yao X, Chang Y, Zhou L, Qin G, Zhang X. Properties and Applications of the β Phase Poly(vinylidene fluoride). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E228. [PMID: 30966263 PMCID: PMC6415445 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, as one of important polymeric materials with extensively scientific interests and technological applications, shows five crystalline polymorphs with α, β, γ, δ and ε phases obtained by different processing methods. Among them, β phase PVDF presents outstanding electrical characteristics including piezo-, pyro-and ferroelectric properties. These electroactive properties are increasingly important in applications such as energy storage, spin valve devices, biomedicine, sensors and smart scaffolds. This article discusses the basic knowledge and character methods for PVDF fabrication and provides an overview of recent advances on the phase modification and recent applications of the β phase PVDF are reported. This study may provide an insight for the development and utilization for β phase PVDF nanofilms in future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxia Ruan
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yufang Chang
- Computer Teaching and Researching Section, Shenyang Conservatory of Music, Shenyang 110818, China.
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical, Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Xianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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20
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Brandl F, Thünemann AF, Beuermann S. Poly(meth)acrylate-PVDF core–shell particles from emulsion polymerization: preferential formation of the PVDF β crystal phase. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PVDF-poly(methacrylate) core–shell particles prepared via emulsion polymerization preferentially show β phase PVDF crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandl
- Clausthal University of Technology
- Institute of Technical Chemistry
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
| | | | - Sabine Beuermann
- Clausthal University of Technology
- Institute of Technical Chemistry
- 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld
- Germany
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21
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Falireas PG, Wehbi M, Alaaeddine A, Améduri B. Kinetics of radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride with tert-butyl 2-trifluoromethyl acrylate: a suitable pair for the synthesis of alternating fluorinated copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00681d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A study of the copolymerization kinetics of vinylidene fluoride with tert-butyl 2-trifluoromethyl acrylate: a suitable pair for the synthesis of alternating fluorinated copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Wehbi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- ICGM
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
| | - Ali Alaaeddine
- Lebanese University
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products
- Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST
- Hadath
- Lebanon
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- ICGM
- UMR 5253 CNRS
- Université de Montpellier
- CNRS
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22
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Haponska M, Trojanowska A, Nogalska A, Jastrzab R, Gumi T, Tylkowski B. PVDF Membrane Morphology-Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight and Preparation Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E718. [PMID: 30966017 PMCID: PMC6418571 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully prepared nine non-woven, supported polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, using a phase inversion precipitation method, starting from a 15 wt % PVDF solution in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Various membrane morphologies were obtained by using (1) PVDF polymers, with diverse molecular weights ranging from 300 to 700 kDa, and (2) different temperature coagulation baths (20, 40, and 60 ± 2 °C) used for the film precipitation. An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was used for surface and cross-section morphology characterization. An atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to investigate surface roughness, while a contact angle (CA) instrument was used for membrane hydrophobicity studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that the fabricated membranes are formed by a mixture of TGTG' chains, in α phase crystalline domains, and all-TTTT trans planar zigzag chains characteristic to β phase. Moreover, generated results indicate that the phases' content and membrane morphologies depend on the polymer molecular weight and conditions used for the membranes' preparation. The diversity of fabricated membranes could be applied by the End User Industries for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Haponska
- Departament d' Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. dels Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Trojanowska
- Departament d' Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. dels Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Nogalska
- Departament d' Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. dels Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Renata Jastrzab
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Tania Gumi
- Departament d' Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. dels Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Centre Tecnològic de la Química de Catalunya, Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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