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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Wang Y, van der Maas K, Weinland DH, Trijnes D, van Putten RJ, Tietema A, Parsons JR, de Rijke E, Gruter GJM. Relationship between Composition and Environmental Degradation of Poly(isosorbide- co-diol oxalate) (PISOX) Copolyesters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2293-2302. [PMID: 38277479 PMCID: PMC10851428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the global CO2 footprint of plastics, bio- and CO2-based feedstock are considered the most important design features for plastics. Oxalic acid from CO2 and isosorbide from biomass are interesting rigid building blocks for high Tg polyesters. The biodegradability of a family of novel fully renewable (bio- and CO2-based) poly(isosorbide-co-diol) oxalate (PISOX-diol) copolyesters was studied. We systematically investigated the effects of the composition on biodegradation at ambient temperature in soil for PISOX (co)polyesters. Results show that the lag phase of PISOX (co)polyester biodegradation varies from 0 to 7 weeks. All (co)polyesters undergo over 80% mineralization within 180 days (faster than the cellulose reference) except one composition with the cyclic codiol 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM). Their relatively fast degradability is independent of the type of noncyclic codiol and results from facile nonenzymatic hydrolysis of oxalate ester bonds (especially oxalate isosorbide bonds), which mostly hydrolyzed completely within 180 days. On the other hand, partially replacing oxalate with terephthalate units enhances the polymer's resistance to hydrolysis and its biodegradability in soil. Our study demonstrates the potential for tuning PISOX copolyester structures to design biodegradable plastics with improved thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin van der Maas
- van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Weinland
- van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Dio Trijnes
- van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Tietema
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Eva de Rijke
- Institute
for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan M. Gruter
- van‘t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Avantium
Support BV, Zekeringstraat
29, Amsterdam 1014 BV, The Netherlands
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3
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Post C, Maniar D, Voet VSD, Folkersma R, Loos K. Biobased 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8991-9003. [PMID: 36936293 PMCID: PMC10018510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Furanic polymers, currently mainly represented by polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF), also known as polyethylene furanoate, have a fantastic potential to replace fossil-based polymers: for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a precursor of PEF, and its derived polymers have been studied extensively, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) has received relatively little attention so far. Similarly to FDCA, BHMF is a biobased platform chemical derived from renewable sources such as sugars. This review highlights different polymerization techniques for BHMF-based polyesters and addresses BHMF's relative instability during the synthesis of BHMF-derived polymers, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes. Furthermore, the degradability of furanic polyesters is discussed and BHMF's toxicity is briefly elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Post
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent S. D. Voet
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Folkersma
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Thiyagarajan S, Maaskant-Reilink E, Ewing TA, Julsing MK, van Haveren J. Back-to-monomer recycling of polycondensation polymers: opportunities for chemicals and enzymes. RSC Adv 2021; 12:947-970. [PMID: 35425100 PMCID: PMC8978869 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08217e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plastics in a wide range of applications has grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in enormous growth in production volumes to meet demand. Though a wide range of biomass-derived chemicals and materials are available on the market, the production volumes of such renewable alternatives are currently not sufficient to replace their fossil-based analogues due to various factors, in particular cost-effectiveness. Hence, the majority of plastics are still industrially produced from fossil-based feedstocks. Moreover, various reports have clearly raised concern about the plastics that are not recycled at their end-of-life and instead end up in landfills or the oceans. To avoid further pollution of our planet, it is highly desirable to develop recycling processes that use plastic waste as feedstock. Chemical recycling processes could potentially offer a solution, since they afford monomers from which new polymers can be produced, with the same performance as virgin plastics. In this manuscript, the opportunities for using either chemical or biochemical (i.e., enzymatic) approaches in the depolymerization of polycondensation polymers for recycling purposes are reviewed. Our aim is to highlight the strategies that have been developed so far to break down plastic waste into monomers, providing the first step in the development of chemical recycling processes for plastic waste, and to create a renewed awareness of the need to valorize plastic waste by efficiently transforming it into virgin plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom A Ewing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Haveren
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research Wageningen P. O. Box 17 6700 AA The Netherlands
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Ghodke SB, Parkar JN, Deshpande AR, Dandekar PP, Jain RD. Structure–Activity Relationship of Polyester-Based Cationic Polyrotaxane Vector-Mediated In Vitro siRNA Delivery: Effect on Gene Silencing Efficiency. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7500-7514. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharwari B. Ghodke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Junaid N. Parkar
- Department of Polymer & Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aparna R. Deshpande
- Department of Physics and Center for Energy Science, h cross, Indian Institute of Science Education Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Prajakta P. Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh D. Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Chen J, Lin Y, Chen Y, Koning CE, Wu J, Wang H. Low‐crystallinity to highly amorphous copolyesters with high glass transition temperatures based on rigid carbohydrate‐derived building blocks. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yiming Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Textile Industry Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Cor E Koning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Product Technology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- DSM Coating Resins Zwolle The Netherlands
| | - Jing Wu
- Co‐Innovation Center for Textile Industry Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Textile Industry Donghua University Shanghai China
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Anastasio R, Cardinaels R, Peters GWM, Breemen LCA. Structure–mechanical property relationships in acrylate networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Anastasio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
- Brightlands Materials Center (BMC) P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Lambèrt C. A. Breemen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Technology InstituteEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands
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Kasmi N, Wahbi M, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Guigo N, Sbirrazzuoli N, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and characterization of two new biobased poly(pentylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) and poly(hexamethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate-co-caprolactone) copolyesters with enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Papadopoulos L, Magaziotis A, Nerantzaki M, Terzopoulou Z, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(ethylene furanoate-co-adipate) random copolyesters with enhanced biodegradability. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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