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Zhang Y, Xu F, Chen F, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jiang L. Dual Utilization of Lignocellulose Biomass and Glycerol Waste to Produce Fermentable Levoglucosan via Fast Pyrolysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:847767. [PMID: 35360539 PMCID: PMC8960302 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.847767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol waste was combined with microwave to pretreat lignocellulose before fast pyrolysis. After pretreatment, most alkali and alkaline earth metals (87.9%) and lignin (52.6%) were removed, and a higher crystallinity was obtained. Comparatively, glycerol waste combined with microwave was proven to be more efficient than glycerol with conventional heating. During fast pyrolysis, higher content of levoglucosan in glycerol waste–pretreated products (27.5%) was obtained, compared with those pretreated by pure glycerol (18.8%) and untreated samples (5.8%). Production of fermentative toxic aldehyde and phenol by-products was also inhibited after glycerol waste treatment. Following mechanistic study had validated that microwave in glycerol waste solvent could effectively ameliorate structure and components of lignocellulose while selectively removing lignin. Notably, under the optimal condition, the levoglucosan content in pyrolytic products was enhanced significantly from 5.8% to 32.9%. In short, this study provided an archetype to dually utilize waste resources for ameliorating lignocellulose structure and precisely manipulating complex fast pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feixiang Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxiang Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiang,
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Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an emerging substitute for petroleum-based products. It is considered an ecologically safe and sustainable fuel. The high cost of biodiesel production is linearly related to its feedstock. Crude glycerol, which is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, is also a major challenge that must be addressed. A large volume of crude glycerol needs to be disposed of, and this involves processing, dumping, and land requirements. This increases the cost of biodiesel production. One way to decrease the cost of biodiesel production is to utilize its by-product to make valuable products. Crude glycerol can be processed to produce a variety of chemicals and products. The present utilization of crude glycerol is not enough to bring down its surplus availability. Thermochemical conversion processes can utilize crude glycerol as a starting feedstock and convert it into solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. The utilization of crude glycerol through integrated thermochemical conversion processes could lead to an integrated biorefinery. This review paper highlights the research scope for areas where crude glycerol could be utilized as a feedstock or co-feedstock in thermochemical conversion technology. Various thermochemical conversion processes, namely, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, catalytic steam reforming, liquefaction, and supercritical water reforming, are discussed and shown to be highly suitable for the use of crude glycerol as an economical feedstock. It is found that the integration of crude glycerol with other thermochemical conversion processes for energy production is a promising option to overcome the challenges related to biodiesel production costs. Hence, this paper provides all the necessary information on the present utilization status of crude glycerol in thermochemical conversion processes, as well as identifying possible research gaps that could be filled by future research studies.
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Guo Z, Lan X, Xue P. High-Precision Monitoring of Average Molecular Weight of Polyethylene Wax from Waste High-Density Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010188. [PMID: 31936795 PMCID: PMC7023213 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a major component of polyethylene waste, yet only under 29.9% of waste HDPE is recycled. As an important additive, polyethylene wax (PEW) is increasingly used in many industries such as plastics, dyes, and paints. The preparation of PEW has received considerable interest because recycling and precisely controllable production can bring huge economic benefits. In this study, to recycle waste HDPE, a single screw extruder was innovatively combined with a connecting pipe to prepare PEW from the pyrolysis of waste HDPE. Using a test platform, PEWs were prepared under different pyrolysis temperatures and screw speeds, and corresponding number-average molecular weights (NAMWs) of PEWs were measured. To precisely monitor NAMW of PEW, a program was developed in MATLAB. First, the relationship between NAMW and pyrolysis ratio was obtained, and a measure-point-independence verification was conducted. Then, modified Arrhenius equations and time-dependent pyrolysis temperature were for the first time introduced into the HDPE pyrolysis model. Furthermore, the screw-speed-dependent inverse method was proposed and validated for high-precision monitoring of NAMW of PEW from the pyrolysis of waste HDPE by extrusion. PEW of desired molecular weight was able to be precisely obtained from waste HDPE.
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Lin Y, Qian L, Xu F, Lang X, Fan S, Zhao Z, Li H. Novel crude glycerol pretreatment for selective saccharification of sugarcane bagasse via fast pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122094. [PMID: 31521980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment is a vital process for efficient saccharification and utilization of lignocellulose. In this study, crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production was used for pretreatment to facilitate selective saccharification via fast pyrolysis. Due to the efficient removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (>95.0%) and lignin (79.4%) by crude glycerol pretreatment, the yield of levoglucosan was evaluated to 25.2% as compared to those from pure glycerol pretreated (14.4%) and untreated sugarcane bagasse (8.4%). Meanwhile, the production of inhibitors (e.g. acetic acid, phenol) to biocatalysts was also obviously inhibited from crude glycerol pretreated biomass. Consequently, this work provided a cost-effective and eco-friendly pretreatment mode, which could not only make full utilization of crude glycerol, but also improve the fermentability of lignocellulosic pyrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Le Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feixiang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuemei Lang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuanshi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zengli Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Papageorgiou GZ. Thinking Green: Sustainable Polymers from Renewable Resources. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E952. [PMID: 30960877 PMCID: PMC6403878 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George Z Papageorgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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