Evaluation of the Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrients in the Co-Treatment of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Using a Bioreactor-Constructed Wetlands System

Comprehensive review of technologies for separate digestate treatment and agricultural valorisation within circular and green economy

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has the potential to catalyse the shift from a linear to a circular economy. However, effective treatment and management of both solid (DSF) and liquid (DLF) digestate fraction treatment and management require adopting sustainable technologies to recover valuable by-products like energy, biofuels, biochar, and nutrients. This study reviews state-of-the-art advanced technologies for DSF and DLF treatment and valorisation, using life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) in integrated digestate management (IDM). Key findings highlight these technologies' potential in mitigating environmental impacts from digestate management, but there's a need to improve process efficiency, especially at larger scales. Future research should prioritize cost-effective and eco-friendly IDM technologies. This review emphasizes how LCA and TEA can guide decision-making and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Ultimately, sustainable IDM technologies can boost resource recovery and advance circular economy principles, enhancing the environmental and economic sustainability of AD processes.

Assessment of the Feasibility of Converting the Liquid Fraction Separated from Fruit and Vegetable Waste in a UASB Digester

Anaerobic digestion of food waste still faces important challenges despite its world-wide application. An important fraction of food waste is composed of organic material having a low hydrolysis rate and which is often not degraded in digesters. The addition of this less hydrolysable fraction into anaerobic digesters requires a longer hydraulic residence time, and therefore leads to oversizing of the digesters. To overcome this problem, the conversion of the highly biodegradable liquid fraction from fruit and vegetable waste in a up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) digester is proposed and demonstrated. The more easily biodegradable fraction of the waste is concentrated in the liquid phase using a 2-stage screw press separation. Then, this liquid fraction is digested in a 3.5 L UASB digester at a high organic loading rate. A good and stable performance was observed up to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 12 g COD/(Lrx.d), with a specific methane production of 2.6 L CH4/(Lrx.d) and a degradation of 85% of the initial total COD. Compared to the conversion of the same initial waste with a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), this new treatment strategy leads to 10% lower COD degradation, but can produce the same amount of methane with a digester that is twice as small. The scale-up of this process could contribute to reduced costs related to the anaerobic digestion of food waste, while reducing management efforts associated with digestate handling and increasing process stability at high organic loading rates.