Physico-Chemical Properties of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as Influenced by Different Drying Methods and Temperatures

Influence of Pretreatments and Freeze-Drying Conditions of Strawberries on Drying Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of pretreatments and drying temperature on the freeze-drying (FD) kinetics, ascorbic acid content, color changes, and antioxidant activity (AA) of strawberries. Experiments were performed at 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C, with a constant pressure of 63 Pa in the FD chamber. The strawberry samples were cut into slices (CS) and pulped (PS) before drying. The drying kinetics was best described using the Midilli or logistic model depending on the strawberry grinding method used and the FD temperature. The FD of strawberries significantly increased the lightness, redness, and yellowness of the dried fruit. The FD temperature and pretreatment methods had little influence on the total phenolic content (TPC) and AA. The lowest TPC was found in strawberry pulps after dehydration at 60 °C, and the highest TPC was observed in strawberry slices dehydrated at the same temperature (18.54 and 22.04 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry mass, respectively). Furthermore, the ascorbic acid content in dried strawberries was higher for the samples freeze-dried at a higher temperature.