1
|
Andrade RR, Tinôco IDFF, Damasceno FA, Oliveira CEA, Concha MS, Zacaroni ODF, Bambi G, Barbari M. Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1755. [PMID: 38929374 PMCID: PMC11201204 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in milk production has been to maintain a focus on efficient processes that enhance production outcomes while aligning with animal welfare and sustainability and being valued by society. As an alternative to improve cow welfare in production and provide better handling of the waste generated by the activity, the system called the compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) has been widely adopted in countries with temperate climates and higher milk production. This CBP has been attracting global interest, including from countries with tropical and subtropical climates, such as Brazil, where many producers have started to use it due to the response in terms of milk productivity. A CBP can be designed either in (a) an open facility with natural ventilation or a positive-pressure ventilation system or (b) totally closed facilities, equipped with negative-pressure ventilation systems and permanent thermal control. The latter system is being implemented in Brazil, despite insufficient knowledge about its efficiency. The objective of this study was, through a review, to gather and describe the most recent information on the use of open and closed CBP systems for dairy cattle housing, mainly covering how it is applied in tropical climate regions. To achieve the proposed objective, this review study included the following topics related to CBPs: (i) implementation, (ii) bedding, (iii) general construction and architectural characteristics, and (iv) ambient thermal conditioning. Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also identified here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Resende Andrade
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Ilda de Fátima Ferreira Tinôco
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (I.d.F.F.T.); (C.E.A.O.)
| | - Flávio Alves Damasceno
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Alves Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (I.d.F.F.T.); (C.E.A.O.)
| | - Mariana Silva Concha
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (O.d.F.Z.)
| | - Ozana de Fátima Zacaroni
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil; (M.S.C.); (O.d.F.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Bambi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, 50145 Firenze, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Barbari
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, 50145 Firenze, Italy; (G.B.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pajura R. Composting municipal solid waste and animal manure in response to the current fertilizer crisis - a recent review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169221. [PMID: 38101643 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic price increases of fertilizers and the generation of organic waste are currently global issues. The growth of the population has led to increased production of solid municipal waste and a higher demand for food. Food production is inherently related to agriculture and, to achieve higher yields, it is necessary to replenish the soil with essential minerals. A synergistic approach that addresses both problems is the implementation of the composting process, which aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Food waste, green waste, paper waste, cardboard waste, and animal manure are promising feedstock materials for the extraction of valuable compounds. This review discusses key factors that influence the composting process and compares them with the input materials' parameters. It also considers methods for optimizing the process, such as the use of biochar and inoculation, which result in the production of the final product in a significantly shorter time and at lower financial costs. The applications of composts produced from various materials are described along with associated risks. In addition, innovative composting technologies are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Pajura
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Ave Powstańców Warszawy 6, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simoni M, Mezzasalma N, Pitino R, Manuelian CL, Spadini C, Iannarelli M, Montanaro SL, Summer A, Cabassi CS, De Marchi M, Righi F. A short-term comparison of wheat straw and poplar wood chips used as litter in tiestalls on hygiene, milk, and behavior of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9150-9163. [PMID: 37641355 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A short-term study was conducted to compare the effect of using poplar wood chips (PWC) instead of wheat straw (WS) litter in dairy cows. A total of 38 lactating Holstein cows (204 ± 119 days in milk, 26.9 ± 6.5 kg of milk yield [MY]) were housed in a tiestall farm for a 10-d trial including 5 d of adaptation followed by 5 sampling days (from d 5 to 10). Cows were divided into 2 homogeneous groups: one group was bedded with WS, and the second with PWC. Both litter materials were provided in the amount of 7 kg/stall per d. Each group was composed of 3 subgroups of 6 or 7 cows; the subgroups were physically separated along the feeding line by wooden boards. During the sampling days, fecal composition, used litter composition, and bacterial count (Clostridium spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, and total bacterial count) were analyzed by subgroup twice a day. On d 1 and from d 5 to 10, udder hygiene score and cow cleanliness score were also evaluated individually twice a day. Meanwhile MY, milk hygiene (total bacterial count [TBC], coliform bacterial count [CBC], and spore-forming units [SFU]) and quality were measured and analyzed from 9 animals per group. Moreover, individual animal behavior (body position and behavioral traits) and subgroup dry matter intake were measured on d 9 and 10. Fecal dry matter did not differ between groups, PWC had the lowest used litter moisture and N content favoring the highest clean cow frequency, but also gave rise to the greatest used litter microbial contamination. The MY, milk quality, TBC, SFU, and CBC were similar. The lying behavior frequency was similar between groups. However, the PWC group showed the lowest sleeping frequency, the highest frequency of other behaviors (including discomfort signs), and the lowest dry matter intake. However, despite this apparent reduction in cow comfort, no biologically important differences were observed in this short-term study between cows on PWC and WS in milk production or hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - N Mezzasalma
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - R Pitino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Group of Ruminant Research (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - C Spadini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Iannarelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - S L Montanaro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - C S Cabassi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - F Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|