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Nitrate in Groundwater Resources of Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran: Concentration Estimation, Distribution and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment Using Monte Carlo Simulation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High nitrate concentration in drinking water has the potential to cause a series of harmful effects on human health. This study aims to evaluate the health risk of nitrate in groundwater resources of Hormozgan province in four age groups, including infants, children, teenagers, and adults, based on the US EPA methodology and Monte Carlo technique to assess uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to investigate the spatial distribution of nitrate levels in the study area. The nitrate concentration ranged from 0.3 to 30 mg/L, with an average of 7.37 ± 5.61 mg/L. There was no significant difference between the average concentration of nitrate in all study areas (p > 0.05). The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 for all age groups and counties, indicating a low-risk level. The HQ95 for infants and children in the Monte Carlo simulation was 1.34 and 1.22, respectively. The sensitivity analysis findings showed that the parameter with the most significant influence on the risk of toxicity in all age groups was the nitrate content. Therefore, implementing a water resources management program in the study area can reduce nitrate concentration and enhance water quality.
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Aryal RL, Bhurtel KP, Poudel BR, Pokhrel MR, Paudyal H, Ghimire KN. Sequestration of phosphate from water onto modified watermelon waste loaded with Zr(IV). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2021.1884878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Lochan Aryal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Chemistry, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Khem Prasad Bhurtel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bhoj Raj Poudel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megh Raj Pokhrel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hari Paudyal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kedar Nath Ghimire
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
Cheap and plentiful, water was for centuries a manufacturing tool that industry took for granted [...]
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