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Peer GDG, Priyadarshini A, Gupta A, Vibhuti A, Raj VS, Chang CM, Pandey RP. Exploration of Antileishmanial Compounds Derived from Natural Sources. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:1-13. [PMID: 38279725 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230270724231214112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leishmaniasis is a deadly tropical disease that is neglected in many countries. World Health Organization, along with a few other countries, has been working together to protect against these parasites. Many novel drugs from the past few years have been discovered and subjected against leishmaniasis, which have been effective but they are quite expensive for lower-class people. Some drugs showed no effect on the patients, and the longer use of these medicines has made resistance against these deadly parasites. Researchers have been working for better medication by using natural products from medicinal plants (oils, secondary metabolites, plant extracts) and other alternatives to find active compounds as an alternative to the current synthetic drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To find more potential natural products to treat Leishmania spp, a study has been conducted and reported many plant metabolites and other natural alternatives from plants and their extracts. Selected research papers with few term words such as natural products, plant metabolites, Leishmaniasis, in vivo, in vitro, and treatment against leishmaniasis; in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases with selected research papers published between 2015 and 2021 have been chosen for further analysis has been included in this report which has examined either in vivo or in vitro analysis. RESULTS This paper reported more than 20 novel natural compounds in 20 research papers that have been identified which report a leishmanicidal activity and shows an action against promastigote, axenic, and intracellular amastigote forms. CONCLUSION Medicinal plants, along with a few plant parts and extracts, have been reported as a possible novel anti-leishmanial medication. These medicinal plants are considered nontoxic to Host cells. Leishmaniasis treatments will draw on the isolated compounds as a source further and these compounds compete with those already offered in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajala Deethamvali Ghouse Peer
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Archana Gupta
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Vethakkani Samuel Raj
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat, 131 029, Haryana, India
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Aminu S, Chechet GD, Alkhalil SS, Sobeh M, Daoud R, Simelane MB, Onyike E, Ibrahim MA. Therapeutic efficacy of β-sitosterol treatment on Trypanosoma congolense infection, anemia development, and trans-sialidase ( TconTS1) gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1282257. [PMID: 37886075 PMCID: PMC10598747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1282257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background African animal trypanosomiasis hinders sustainable livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. About 17 million infected cattle are treated with trypanocides annually but most of the drugs are associated with drawbacks, necessitating the search for a promising chemotherapeutic agent. Objectives In this study, the effects of β-sitosterol on Trypanosoma congolense infection were investigated along with its effect on the trans-sialidase gene expressions. Results Oral treatment with β-sitosterol at 15 and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced parasitemia and ameliorated the parasite-induced anemia. Also, the parasite-induced increase in serum urea level and renal histopathological damage scores in addition to renal hypertrophy was significantly (p < 0.05) reverted following treatment with 30 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. The compound also significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of TconTS1 but not TconTS2, TconTS3, and TconTS4. Correlation analysis between free serum sialic acid with the TconTS1 and TconTS2 gene variants revealed negative correlations in the β-sitosterol-treated groups although they were non-significant (p > 0.05) in the group treated with 15 mg/kg BW β-sitosterol. Similarly, a non-significant negative (p > 0.05) correlation between the biomolecule and the TconTS3 and TconTS4 gene variants was observed in the β-sitosterol-treated groups while positive correlations were observed in the infected untreated control group. Conclusion The observed effect of β-sitosterol on T. congolense infection could make the compound a possible template for the design of novel trypanocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gloria Dada Chechet
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Processing Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | | | - Elewechi Onyike
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- African Center of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Hussain S, Liufang H, Shah SM, Ali F, Khan SA, Shah FA, Li JB, Li S. Cytotoxic effects of extracts and isolated compounds from Ifloga spicata (forssk.) sch. bip against HepG-2 cancer cell line: Supported by ADMET analysis and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986456. [PMID: 36160390 PMCID: PMC9501938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the anticancer potential of Ifloga spicata (I. spicata) against HepG-2 cell line. To assess I. spicata cytoxicity, brine shrimp lethality and MTT assays were performed. In the brine shrimp bioassay, the ethyl acetate fraction had a significant impact with an IC50 of 10 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions inhibited HepG-2 cell line effectively (IC50 values 5.54 and 6.52 μg/ml, respectively). The isolated compound, heptadecyl benzoate inhibited growth significantly (IC50, 8.92 μg/ml) while methyl dihydroxybenzoate had modest activity (25.66 μg/ml) against the cell line. Both compounds displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters in the ADME study. In the docking study, the methyl dihydroxybenzoate was involved in two hydrogen bonds with two different residues Thr830 and Asp831. The heptadecyl benzoate carbonyl oxygen exhibited a single hydrogen bond with Lys692. Both showed good interactions with the active site of the (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. Our findings suggest that I. spicata might be a viable source of anticancer natural agents. This discovery raises the prospect of the future development of a new medication for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - He Liufang
- Pediatrics Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jing Bo Li
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Bo Li,
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
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Underlying Anticancer Mechanisms and Synergistic Combinations of Phytochemicals with Cancer Chemotherapeutics: Potential Benefits and Risks. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1189034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies are associated with various challenges including the emergence of multidrug resistant tumors, toxicological issues, severe side effects, and economic burden. To counteract these effects, natural products as substitutes and adjuvant therapies have received considerable attention owing to their safety, efficacy, and economic aspects. Various preclinical and clinical studies revealed that natural products and their combinations with chemotherapeutics mediate their anticancer effects via modulation of various signaling pathways implicated in promoting apoptosis, inhibiting excessive cellular proliferation, and mobilizing the immune system. Several lead phytochemicals including curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, and cannabinoids synergistically act with cancer chemotherapeutics reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, clinical studies on the subject matter are limited and need further extensive studies. It has been observed that patients undergoing chemotherapy use alternative therapies to ameliorate the symptoms associated with the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Nevertheless, some of the patients inform their physicians regarding herbal medicine during chemotherapy while others do not, and even most of the patients do not know the composition of herbal medicine they consume during chemotherapy. Herbal interactions with chemotherapeutics are associated with both beneficial and harmful aspects, but the beneficial aspect overweighs the harmful ones in terms of controlling the symptoms associated with the chemotherapy. Nonetheless, a large number of herbal medicines have been demonstrated to have synergistic effect with chemotherapy and alleviate the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. The concomitant use of the majority of herbal medicines with chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be beneficial in multiple malignant tumors like cancer of blood, lungs, kidneys, liver, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. However, herbal medicines which possess positive interaction and improve the quality of life of patients should be sorted out and integrated with the chemotherapy. There should be a quality control system for the appraisal of herbal medicine, and there should also be an appropriate system of patient-doctor communication to counsel the patients regarding the beneficial and deleterious effects of the herbal medicine in combination with chemotherapy.
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Salinas Ibáñez ÁG, Vallés D, Adaro M, Barberis S, Vega AE. Antimicrobial Effect of a Proteolytic Enzyme From the Fruits of Solanum granuloso-leprosum (Dunal) Against Helicobacter pylori. Front Nutr 2022; 8:699955. [PMID: 34977105 PMCID: PMC8717831 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.699955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, helix-shaped, and microaerophilic bacteria that colonizes the human gastric mucosa, causing chronic infections, gastritis, peptic ulcer, lymphomas associated with lymphoid mucosa tissue, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is considered a Type 1 human carcinogen by WHO. The prevalence of the infection is estimated in more than half of the world population. Treatment of H. pylori infection includes antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, but the increasing antibiotic resistance promotes the research of novel, more effective, and natural antibacterial compounds. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the partially purified proteolytic extract (RAP) of the fruits from Solanum granuloso-leprosum (Dunal), a South American native plant, and a purified fraction named granulosain I, against H. pylori, to obtain natural food additives for the production of anti-H. pylori functional foods. Furthermore, granulosain I and RAP could be used as natural adjuncts to conventional therapies. Granulosain I and RAP antibacterial activity was evaluated as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against H. pylori NCTC 11638 (reference strain) and twelve H. pylori wild strains, using a microdilution plating technique (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). All the strains tested were susceptible to granulosain I with MIC from 156.25 to 312.5 μg/mL and MBC from 312.5 to 625 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, all the strains tested were susceptible to the RAP with MIC from 312.5 to 625 μg/mL and MBC from 625 to 1,250 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of granulosain I and RAP on the transcription of H. pylori genes encoding pathogenic factors, omp18, ureA, and flaA, with respect to a housekeeping gene (16S rRNA), was evaluated by RT-PCR technique. The band intensity between pathogenic factors and control gene was correlated under treated or untreated conditions, using the ImageJ program. Granulosain I and RAP significantly decreased the expression of pathogenic factors: omp18, ureA, and flaA. The combined inhibitory effect of granulosain I or RAP and an antibiotic such as, amoxicillin (AML, 10 μg), clarithromycin (CLA, 15 μg), levofloxacin (LEV, 5 μg), and metronidazole (MTZ, 5 μg) was evaluated, using the agar diffusion technique. Granulosain I and RAP showed significant synergistic effect on AML, CLA, and LEV, but no significant effect on MTZ was observed. Besides, granulosain I and RAP did not show toxicological effects at the concentrations studied. Finally, granulosain I and RAP could be used as safe natural food additives and as adjuvants for conventional therapies against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Gabriel Salinas Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP)-Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) San Luis-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Diego Vallés
- Laboratorio de Enzimas Hidrolíticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Adaro
- Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP)-Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) San Luis-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Control de Calidad y Desarrollo de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Sonia Barberis
- Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP)-Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) San Luis-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Luis, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Control de Calidad y Desarrollo de Bromatología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Alba E Vega
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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Sharma L, Dhiman M, Singh A, Sharma MM. Green Approach: ''A Forwarding Step for Curing Leishmaniasis-A Neglected Tropical Disease''. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655584. [PMID: 34124148 PMCID: PMC8193676 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on a dreaded vector-mediated leishmaniasis, with the existing therapeutic approaches including a variety of drugs along with their limitations, the treatment with natural compounds, and different types of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). As evidenced, various metallic NPs, comprising silver, silver oxide, gold, zinc oxide, titanium, lead oxide, etc., played a curative role to treat leishmaniasis, are also presented. Keeping in view the advance success of vaccines against the prevalent dreaded diseases in the past and the present scenario, efforts are also being made to develop vaccines based on these NP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Mamta Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - M M Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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7
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Ju J, Xie Y, Yu H, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W. Synergistic interactions of plant essential oils with antimicrobial agents: a new antimicrobial therapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1740-1751. [PMID: 33207954 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1846494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The problem of drug resistance of food borne pathogens is becoming more and more serious. Although traditional antimicrobial agents have good therapeutic effects on a variety of food borne pathogens, more effective antimicrobial agents are still needed to combat the development of drug-resistant food borne pathogens. Plant-based natural essential oils (EOs) are widely used because of their remarkable antimicrobial activity. A potential strategy to address food borne pathogens drug resistance is to use a combination of EOs and antimicrobial agents. Because EOs have multi-target inhibitory effects on microorganisms, combining them with drugs can enhance the activity of the drugs and avoid the emergence of food borne pathogens drug resistance. This paper introduces the main factors affecting the antibacterial activity of EOs and describes methods for evaluating their synergistic antibacterial effects. The possible mechanisms of action of EOs and the synergistic inhibitory effects on pathogens of EOs in combination with antimicrobial agents is described. In summary, the combined use of EOs and existing antimicrobial agents is a promising potential new antibacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Sani A, Hassan D, Khalil AT, Mughal A, El-Mallul A, Ayaz M, Yessimbekov Z, Shinwari ZK, Maaza M. Floral extracts-mediated green synthesis of NiO nanoparticles and their diverse pharmacological evaluations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4133-4147. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1775120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sani
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Hassan
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Affifa Mughal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed El-Mallul
- Department of Food Engineering, Warsaw Medical University, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Zhanibek Yessimbekov
- Department of Food Engineering, Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey City, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
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Majid Shah S, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Hussain S, Ali Shah AUH, Adnan Ali Shah S, Wadood A, Nadhman A. β-Sitosterol from Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. as potential anti-leishmanial agent against leishmania tropica: Docking and molecular insights. Steroids 2019; 148:56-62. [PMID: 31085212 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial potentials of β-sitosterol isolated from Ifloga spicata. The anti-leishmanial potential of β-sitosterol is well documented against Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis but unexplored against Leishmania tropica. Structure of the compound was elucidated by FT-IR, mass spectrometry and multinuclear (1H and 13C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The compound was evaluated for its anti-leishmanial potentials against L. tropica KWH23 using in vitro anti-promastigote, DNA interaction, apoptosis, docking studies against leishmanolysin (GP63) and trypanothione reductase (TR) receptors using MOE 2016 software. β-sitosterol exhibited significant activity against leishmania promastigotes with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.06 μg/mL. The standard drug glucantaime showed IC50 of 5.33 ± 0.07 µg/mL. Further mechanistic studies including DNA targeting and apoptosis induction via acridine orange assay exhibited promising anti-leishmanial potentials for β-sitosterol. Molecular docking with leishmanolysin (GP63) and trypanothione reductase (TR) receptors displayed the binding scores of β-sitosterol with targets TR and GP63 were -7.659 and -6.966 respectively. The low binding energies -61.54 (for TR) and -33.24 (for GP63) indicate that it strongly bind to the active sites of target receptors. The results confirmed that β-sitosterol have considerable anti-leishmanial potentials and need further studies as potential natural anti-leishmanial agent against L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Azhar-Ul-Haq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, UCS, Shankar Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences IIB, CECOS University, Peshawar Pakistan
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10
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Ayaz M, Ullah F, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Ovais M, Ahmed J, Devkota HP. Synergistic interactions of phytochemicals with antimicrobial agents: Potential strategy to counteract drug resistance. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:294-303. [PMID: 31158333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is a global threat and has created problems in providing adequate treatment of many infectious diseases. Although the conventional antimicrobial agents are quite effective against several pathogens, yet there is a need for more effective antimicrobial agents against MDR pathogens. Herbal drugs and phytochemicals have been used for their effective antimicrobial activity from ancient times and there is an increasing trend for development of plant based natural products for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic diseases. One of the strategies for effective resistance modification is the use of antimicrobial agent-phytochemical combinations that will neutralize the resistance mechanism, enabling the drug to still be effective against resistant microbes. These phytochemicals can work by several strategies, such as inhibition of target modifying and drug degrading enzymes or as efflux pumps inhibitors. A plethora of herbal extracts, essential oils and isolated pure compounds have been reported to act synergistically with existing antibiotics, antifungals and chemotherapeutics and augment the activity of these drugs. Considerable increases in the susceptibility pattern of several microbes towards the natural antimicrobials and their combinations were observed as indicated by significant decline in minimum inhibitory concentrations. This review paper summarizes the current developments regarding synergistic interactions of plant extracts and isolated pure compounds in combination with existing antibacterial, antifungal agents and chemotherapeutics. The effect of these agents on the susceptibility patterns of these pathogens and possible mechanisms of action are described in detail. In conclusion, many phytochemicals in combination with existing drugs were found to act as resistance modifying agents and proper combinations may rescue the efficacy of important lifesaving antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- (e)Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Mir NT, Saleem U, Anwar F, Ahmad B, Ullah I, Hira S, Ismail T, Ali T, Ayaz M. Lawsonia Inermis Markedly Improves Cognitive Functions in Animal Models and Modulate Oxidative Stress Markers in the Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050192. [PMID: 31121979 PMCID: PMC6571555 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Medicinal plants represent an important source of alternative medicine for the management of various diseases. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Lawsonia inermis ethanol (Li.Et) and chloroform (Li.Chf) extracts as memory-enhancing agents in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Li.Et and Li.Chf were phytochemically characterized via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Samples were tested for nootropic potentials at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg (per oral in experimental animals (p.o.)). Swiss albino mice of either sex (n = 210) were divided into 21 × 10 groups for each animal model. Memory-enhancing potentials of the samples were assessed using two methods including "without inducing amnesia" and "induction of amnesia" by administration of diazepam (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. Piracetam at 400 mg/kg (i.p.) was used as positive control. Cognitive behavioral models including elevated plus maze (EPM) and the passive shock avoidance (PSA) paradigm were used. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress such as glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were analyzed in the brain tissue of treated mice. Results: In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging assay, Li.Et and Li.Chf exhibited 70.98 ± 1.56 and 66.99 ± 1.76% inhibitions respectively at 1.28 mg/mL concentration. GCMS results revealed the presence of important phytochemicals. Both samples (Li.Et and Li.Chf) at 25 mg/kg (p.o.) dose significantly (p < 0.05) improved learning and memory as indicated by decline in transfer latency and increase in step down latency in EPM and PSA models respectively. Li.Et and Li.Chf at 25 mg/kg (p.o.) showed considerable increase in GSH (2.75 ± 0.018 ***), SOD (2.61 ± 0.059 ***) and CAT (2.71 ± 0.049 ***) levels as compared to positive and negative control groups. Conclusions: This study provides the preliminary clue that L. inermis may be a potential source of memory-enhancing and anti-oxidant compounds and thus warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numra Tariq Mir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12420, Pakistan.
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSAT), Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Ali
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18800, Pakistan.
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