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Huyan Z, Pellegrini N, Rubert J, Steegenga WT, Capuano E. Levels of lipid-derived gut microbial metabolites differ among plant matrices in an in vitro model of colon fermentation. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114230. [PMID: 38609219 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study explored differences in microbial lipid metabolites among sunflower seeds, soybeans, and walnuts. The matrices were subjected to in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. Defatted digested materials and fiber/phenolics extracted therefrom were added to sunflower oil (SO) and also fermented. Targeted and untargeted lipidomics were employed to monitor and tentatively identify linoleic acid (LA) metabolites. Walnut fermentation produced the highest free fatty acids (FFAs), LA, and conjugated LAs (CLAs). Defatted digested walnuts added to SO boosted FFAs and CLAs production; the addition of fibre boosted CLAs, whereas the addition of phenolics only increased 9e,11z-CLA and 10e,12z-CLA. Several di-/tri-hydroxy-C18-FAs, reported as microbial LA metabolites for the first time, were annotated. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant impacts of food matrix presence and type on lipidomics and C18-FAs. Our findings highlight how the food matrices affect CLA production from dietary lipids, emphasizing the role of food context in microbial lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Huyan
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Pellegrini
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Josep Rubert
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Nasoha NZ, Luthfi AAI, Roslan MF, Hariz HB, Bukhari NA, Manaf SFA. Exploring pineapple peel hydrolysate as a sustainable carbon source for xylitol production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19284. [PMID: 37935748 PMCID: PMC10630370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores utilizing pineapple peel (PP) hydrolysate as a promising carbon source for xylitol production, covering scopes from the pre-treatment to the fermentation process. The highest xylose concentration achieved was around 20 g/L via mild acid hydrolysis (5% nitric acid, 105 °C, 20-min residence time) with a solid loading of 10%. Two sets fermentability experiments were carried out of varying pH levels in synthetic media that includes acetic acid as the main inhibitors and hydrolysate supplemented with diverse nitrogen source. The results revealed that pH 7 exhibited the highest xylitol production, yielding 0.35 g/g. Furthermore, urea was found to be a highly promising and cost-effective substitute for yeast extract, as it yielded a comparable xylitol production of 0.31 g/g with marginal difference of only 0.01 g/g compared to yeast extract further highlights the viability of urea as the preferred option for reducing xylitol production cost. The absence of a significant difference between the synthetic media and hydrolysate, with only a marginal variance of 0.35 to 0.32 g/g, implies that acetic acid is indeed the primary constraint in xylitol production using PP hydrolysate. The study sheds light on PP biomass's potential for xylitol production, aligning economic benefits with environmental sustainability and waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zahidah Nasoha
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Faizuddin Roslan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hikmah Bajunaid Hariz
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Adela Bukhari
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering & Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, 43000, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Curcumin treatment enhances bioactive metabolite accumulation and reduces enzymatic browning in soybean sprouts during storage. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100607. [PMID: 36974192 PMCID: PMC10039267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that is widely used in food and medicine. Here, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the antioxidant accumulation and enzymatic browning of soybean sprouts after storage at 4 °C for 2 weeks. Curcumin drastically reduced the water loss, browning index, and peroxide accumulation, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, decreased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase, elevated the contents of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiol, phenolics and isoflavones, and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity of soybean sprouts during storage. These curcumin-induced changes were partly but dramatically attenuated by inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX). Curcumin induced NOX activity and H2O2 burst in soybean sprouts during the first 24 h after treatment. The curcumin-induced antioxidants and -inhibited enzymatic browning are closely associated with NOX-dependent H2O2 signaling. The findings provide a new method for improving soybean sprout quality during storage.
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Woumbo CY, Kuate D, Metue Tamo DG, Womeni HM. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a polyphenol rich extract obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) seeds using optimized conditions in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030385. [PMID: 36386938 PMCID: PMC9650115 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods have gained popularity in recent decades. They are exploited for their bioactive compounds like polyphenols, which are highly demanded in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. However, extractive techniques and conditions used up to recently are almost obsolete and must be optimized for higher efficiency. The current study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of an optimized extract of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) seeds. The optimal conditions for extracting polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds were determined using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). A Face Center Composite Design (FCCD) was used for optimization. Solvent/dry matter ratio, wavelength and time were considered while the response studied was the polyphenolic content. The extract obtained at optimal conditions was characterized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, then tested for its antioxidant, alpha amylase inhibitory and antidiabetic activities. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) permitted the determination of the optimal conditions for phenols extraction as: microwave power 330 W, with a solvent ratio of 97.04/1 mL/g for 9.5 min of extraction time. The optimized extract showed a phenolic content up to 86.37 ± 1.13 mg GAE/g containing quercetin and catechin as revealed by the TLC. Functional groups characteristic of polyphenols were identified on FTIR spectra, and the extract exhibited good in vitro antioxidant capacities with DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay). An IC50 of 3.99 ± 0.15 μg/mL was obtained with the DPPH scavenging test. Alpha amylase inhibitory assay revealed that the optimized okra extract behaved as a non-competitive inhibitor of porcine pancreatic amylase with an IC50 of 484.17 ± 2.33 μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity of the extract was observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic males Wistar rats, as shown by the fasting blood glucose levels, food intake, changes in body weight and serum lipid profile among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerile Ypolyte Woumbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Kuate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Wang SY, Zhang YJ, Zhu GY, Shi XC, Chen X, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts and strategies to enhance their content: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1961-1982. [PMID: 35411587 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting is a common strategy to enhance the nutritional value of seeds. Here, all the reports regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts have been covered for the first time. Isoflavones were detected with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 101 g/kg in soybean sprouts. Isoflavone concentration depends on the cultivar, germination time, part of the sprout, light, and temperature. Aglycon isoflavones increased during germination, especially in the hypocotyl, while 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside isoflavones decreased in the hypocotyl and increased in the cotyledon and root. Cooking reduced total isoflavone content. Regarding the strategies to enhance isoflavone contents, fermentation with Aspergillus sojae and external irradiation with UV-A or far-infrared were the methods that caused the greatest increases in aglycon, 7-O-β-glucoside, and total isoflavones. However, the largest increases in 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside and 6″-O-acetyl-7-O-β-glucosides isoflavones were detected after treatment with chitohexaose and calcium chloride, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean sprouts are widely consumed and provide essential proteins, antioxidants, and minerals. They are rich in isoflavones, which exhibit numerous health benefits, and have been studied as alternative therapies for a range of hormone-dependent conditions, such as cancer, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Despite numerous reports being published to date regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts, the publications in this field are highly dispersed, and a review has not yet been published. This review aims to (1) highlight the particular isoflavones that have been detected in soybean sprouts and their concentrations, (2) compared the effects of temperature, light, cooking and soybean cultivar affect the isoflavone levels on the different parts of the sprout, and (3) discuss the efficacy of the methods to enhance isoflavone contents. This review will provide a better understanding of the current state of this field of research by comparing the general trends and the different treatments for soybean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gui-Yang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Kathuria D, Dhiman AK, Surekha A. Effect of different extraction techniques and drying conditions for the assay of isoflavone from
Harit
soya seeds. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kathuria
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Anju K. Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
| | - Attri Surekha
- Department of Food Science and Technology Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan India
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Valorization of Glycine max (Soybean) Seed Waste: Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Characterization of Polyphenols from Soybean Meal Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4869909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the optimal conditions for extraction of total phenolic compounds from soybean (Glycine max) meal, a by-product of the soybean seeds industry, using a green protocol with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). A face-centered composite design (FCCD) was used for optimization. Based on a screening aimed to determine the factors that significantly influenced the responses, a 50% hydro-ethanolic solution was used with solvent/dry matter ratio (60/1–110/1), power (120–270 W), and time (0–10 min) as factors, while the responses studied were total phenolic and flavonoid contents. FTIR, TLC, DPPH, and FRAP anti-oxidants tests were used to characterize the extracts obtained with optimum conditions. The factors that significantly influenced both responses were the individual effect of all factors, the interaction between solvent/dry matter ratio and extraction time, the quadratic effect of solvent/dry matter ratio, and power for total phenolic content, while only the quadratic effect of power significantly influenced the flavonoid content. The highest contents of phenols (13.09 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (7.39 mg CE/g) were obtained at 120 W for 0.16 min with a solvent/dry matter ratio of 60/1. ATR-FTIR spectra indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds in the extract, namely flavonoids. TLC indicated the presence of at least nine compounds in the extract, among which catechin and quercetin were identified with respective Rf of 0.98 and 0.93. DPPH assay showed the anti-oxidant capacity for the extract with an IC50 of 194.98 µg/ml. RSM permitted us to develop a green protocol for maximum extraction of polyphenols from soybean seeds waste using less solvent, low power, and a reduced time in MAE.
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Fadjare Frempong T, Owusu Boadi N, Badu M. Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:46. [PMID: 34632271 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13284.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. METHODS Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was tested for its statistical significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design was used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. RESULTS The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. CONCLUSIONS The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. The results obtained indicate that, the studied optimal conditions support effective phenolics extraction of Funtumia elastica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Fadjare Frempong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Nathaniel Owusu Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Mercy Badu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
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Fadjare Frempong T, Owusu Boadi N, Badu M. Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:46. [PMID: 34632271 PMCID: PMC8479850 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13284.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. Methods: Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was tested for its statistical significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design was used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. Results: The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. Conclusions: The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. The results obtained indicate that, the studied optimal conditions support effective phenolics extraction of Funtumia elastica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus Fadjare Frempong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Nathaniel Owusu Boadi
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
| | - Mercy Badu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, UPO PMB, Ghana
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Duy LX, Toan TQ, Anh DV, Hung NP, Huong TTT, Long PQ, Dat NM, Le DTT, Pham DTN, Nhan NPT, Manh DV. Optimization of canthaxanthin extraction from fermented biomass of Paracoccus carotinifacuens VTP20181 bacteria strain isolated in Vietnam. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-117-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The bacterium strain Paracoccus carotinifaciens VTP20181 isolated in Vietnam produces canthaxanthin, a carotenoid widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to determine optimal parameters for canthaxanthin extraction from fermented biomass of P. carotinifaciens VTP20181.
Study objects and methods. First, a series of single factor investigations were carried out in regard to maximal carotenoid content in the biomass extract obtained by using ultrasonic waves. Four parameters of the extraction process, such as extraction temperature, solvent/material ratio, extraction time, and ultrasonic output power, were studied. The obtained results were then optimized by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken experimental design.
Results and discussion. The optimal technological parameters of the extraction process included extraction temperature of 35°C, solvent/material ratio of 9.5:1 (v/w), extraction time of 90 min, and ultrasonic output power of 145 W. Under optimal conditions, canthaxanthin and total carotenoid contents were determined as 14.95 ± 0.12 and 18.21 ± 0.11 mg/g respectively, which were compatible with theoretical calculations ‒ 15.074 and 18.263 mg/g, respectively.
Conclusion. Current results confirmed that the strain of halophilic P. carotinifaciens VTP20181 is a potential source for canthaxanthin biosynthesis.
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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phlorotannin From Sargassum swartzii (Turn.) C. Ag. With Ethanol/Water. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21996184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum is a genus of brown macroalgae in the class Phaeophyta, distributed widely in all oceans, including those of Vietnam. Species of this genus have been proven to possess diverse biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory, along with many benefits and applications for human health, including anti-diabetic, obesity, and thrombosis. These benefits arise from a diverse chemical composition, with compounds such as fucoidan, mannitol, and especially phlorotannin—a group of phenolic derivatives found predominantly in brown algae. In this study, we evaluated and optimized the factors that affected the extraction process of phlorotannins from Sargassum swartzii (Turn.) C. Ag., a common species of brown macroalgae in Vietnam. The process utilized ethanol and water as the solvent system, and the extraction process was assisted with the use of microwaves. To carry out optimization studies, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted according to a Central Composite Desisgn (CCD), taking four processing factors into consideration, ethanol concentration (%, v/v), extraction time (minutes), solvent/material ratio (v/w), and microwave output power (W) as independent variables. Phlorotannin concentration (mgPhE/g) and extract mass (mg) were regarded as optimization outcomes. Experimental conditions that produced the highest phlorotannin yield from 10 g of S. swartzii are as follows: Extraction time of 65 minutes, ethanol concentration of 52%, microwave output power of 613 W, and solvent/material ratio of 33/1 (v/w). These conditions corresponded to a phlorotannin concentration of 5.59 ± 0.11 mg PhE/g, and a total extract content of 27.88 ± 0.13 mg/g.
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Lee KH, Jang YW, Kim H, Ki JS, Yoo HY. Optimization of Lutein Recovery from Tetraselmis suecica by Response Surface Methodology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:182. [PMID: 33525716 PMCID: PMC7911107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been attracting attention as feedstock for biorefinery because they have various advantages, such as carbon fixation, high growth rate and high energy yield. The bioactive compounds and lutein contained in microalgae are known to be beneficial for human health, especially eye and brain health. In this study, in order to improve the recovery of bioactive extracts including lutein from Tetraselmis suecica with higher efficiency, an effective solvent was selected, and the extraction parameters such as temperature, time and solid loading were optimized by response surface methodology. The most effective solvent for lutein recovery was identified as 100% methanol, and the optimum condition was determined (42.4 °C, 4.0 h and 125 g/L biomass loading) by calculation of the multiple regression model. The maximum content of recovered lutein was found to be 2.79 mg/mL, and the ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value were about 3.36 mg/mL and 561.9 μmol/L, respectively. Finally, the maximum lutein recovery from T. suecica through statistical optimization was estimated to be 22.3 mg/g biomass, which was 3.1-fold improved compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (Y.W.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun, 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Korea; (K.H.L.); (Y.W.J.); (H.K.)
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Microwave-Assisted Improved Extraction and Purification of Anticancer Nimbolide from Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122913. [PMID: 32599926 PMCID: PMC7356096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nimbolide, a limonoid present in leaves of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), is an anticancer compound against a panel of human cancer cell lines. The rapid process of extraction and purification of the nimbolide from the leaves of neem tree through microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with a chromatographic technique was accomplished. The crude with a maximum content of nimbolide could be recovered from neem leaves through MAE. By using three-factors, three-level Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal conditions for nimbolide extraction (R2 = 0.9019) were solid/liquid ratio 1:16 g/mL, microwave power 280 W, and extraction time 22 min. The enriched extract was further purified by a preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), where nimbolide was obtained as 0.0336 g (0.67% yield, purity over 98%) with ethyl acetate/hexane = 4:6 in 3.0 h. Structural elucidation was performed through spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR. This method was simple and had a good potential for the purification of bioactive compounds from a natural product.
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14
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Green Separation and Extraction Processes: Part I. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction comprises a known technology applied to obtain volatile compounds from flowers, i [...]
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Hyeon H, Min CW, Moon K, Cha J, Gupta R, Park SU, Kim ST, Kim JK. Metabolic Profiling-Based Evaluation of the Fermentative Behavior of Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis for Soybean Residues Treated at Different Temperatures. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020117. [PMID: 31979021 PMCID: PMC7074079 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean processing, e.g., by soaking, heating, and fermentation, typically results in diverse metabolic changes. Herein, multivariate analysis-based metabolic profiling was employed to investigate the effects of fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae or Bacillus subtilis on soybean substrates extracted at 4, 25, or 55 °C. As metabolic changes for both A. oryzae and B. subtilis were most pronounced for substrates extracted at 55 °C, this temperature was selected to compare the two microbial fermentation strategies, which were shown to be markedly different. Specifically, fermentation by A. oryzae increased the levels of most organic acids, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glutamine, which were ascribed to carbohydrate metabolism and conversion of glutamic acid into GABA and glutamine. In contrast, fermentation by B. subtilis increased the levels of most amino acids and isoflavones, which indicated the high activity of proteases and β-glucosidase. Overall, the obtained results were concluded to be useful for the optimization of processing steps in terms of nutritional preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Keumok Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaeho Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (K.M.); (J.C.)
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.T.K.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5505 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-55-350-5509 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.T.K.); (J.K.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5505 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-8241 (J.K.K.); Fax: +82-55-350-5509 (S.T.K.); +82-32-835-0763 (J.K.K.)
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