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McDougall H, Hibberd M, Tong A, Neville S, Peterson V, Didier C. Preparation of pyrite concentrate powder from the Thackaringa mine for quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1572-1582. [PMID: 36570660 PMCID: PMC9721321 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722009888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative phase analysis using X-ray diffraction of pyrite ore concentrate samples extracted from the Thackaringa mine is problematic due to poor particle statistics, microabsorption and preferred orientation. The influence of sample preparation on these issues has been evaluated, with ball milling of the powder found most suitable for accurate and precise quantitative phase analysis. The milling duration and other aspects of sample preparation have been explored, resulting in accurate phase reflection intensities when particle sizes are below 5 µm. Quantitative phase analysis on those samples yielded precise phase fractions with standard deviations below 0.3 wt%. Some discrepancy between the elemental composition obtained using X-ray powder diffraction data and that determined using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence was found, and is thought to arise from unaccounted for crystalline phase substitution and the possible presence of an amorphous phase. This study provides a methodology for the precise and accurate quantitative phase analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data of pyrite ore concentrate from the Thackaringa mine and a discussion of the limitations of the method. The optimization process reveals the importance of confirming reproducibility on new samples, with as much prior knowledge as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish McDougall
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Monica Hibberd
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Andrew Tong
- Cobalt Blue, 17.03 100 Miller Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Suzanne Neville
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vanessa Peterson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Christophe Didier
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Anzac Parade, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Road, Sydney, NSW 2232, Australia
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Rivera J, Siliveru K, Li Y. A comprehensive review on pulse protein fractionation and extraction: processes, functionality, and food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4179-4201. [PMID: 38708867 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population requires the production of nutrient-rich foods. Protein is an essential macronutrient for healthy individuals. Interest in using plant proteins in foods has increased in recent years due to their sustainability and nutritional benefits. Dry and wet protein fractionation methods have been developed to increase protein yield, purity, and functional and nutritional qualities. This review explores the recent developments in pretreatments and fractionation processes used for producing pulse protein concentrates and isolates. Functionality differences between pulse proteins obtained from different fractionation methods and the use of fractionated pulse proteins in different food applications are also critically reviewed. Pretreatment methods improve the de-hulling efficiency of seeds prior to fractionation. Research on wet fractionation methods focuses on improving sustainability and functionality of proteins while studies on dry methods focus on increasing protein yield and purity. Hybrid methods produced fractionated proteins with higher yield and purity while also improving protein functionality and process sustainability. Dry and hybrid fractionated proteins have comparable or superior functionalities relative to wet fractionated proteins. Pulse protein ingredients are successfully incorporated into various food formulations with notable changes in their sensory properties. Future studies could focus on optimizing the fractionation process, improving protein concentrate palatability, and optimizing formulations using pulse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Rivera
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaliramesh Siliveru
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Electrostatic separation technology for obtaining plant protein concentrates: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Perez-Vaquero J, Landauer J, Briesen H, Foerst P. A particle tracking velocimetry method to measure size and charge distributions in tribocharged powder particles. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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