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Sivaranjanee R, Senthil Kumar P, Chitra B, Rangasamy G. A critical review on biochar for the removal of toxic pollutants from water environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142382. [PMID: 38768788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
As an effort to tackle some of the most pressing ecological issues we are currently experiencing, there has been an increasing interest in employing biomass-derived char products in various disciplines. Thermal combustion of biomass results in biochar production, which is a remarkably rich source of carbon. Not only does the biochar obtained by the thermochemical breakdown of biomass lower the quantity of carbon released into the environment, but it also serves as an eco-friendly substitute for activated carbon (AC) and further carbon-containing products. An overview of using biochar to remove toxic pollutants is the main subject of this article. Several techniques for producing biochar have been explored. The most popular processes for producing biochar are hydrothermal carbonization, gasification and pyrolysis. Carbonaceous materials, alkali, acid and steam are all capable of altering biochar. Depending on the environmental domains of applications, several modification techniques are chosen. The current findings on characterization and potential applications of biochar are compiled in this survey. Comprehensive discussion is given on the fundamentals regarding the formation of biochar. Process variables influencing the yield of biochar have been summarized. Several biochars' adsorption capabilities for expulsion pollutants under various operating circumstances are compiled. In the domain of developing biochar, a few suggestions for future study have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sivaranjanee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - B Chitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, 641021, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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2
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Li L, Xie Y, Chen K, Zhou J, Wang M, Wang W, Zhang Z, Lu F, Du Y, Feng Y. Adsorption Characteristics of Ball Milling-Modified Chinese Medicine Residue Biochar Toward Quercetin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11658-11670. [PMID: 38496992 PMCID: PMC10938329 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Using traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials, different biochars (BC) were prepared through oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, and BC was ball-milled to produce ball-milled biochar (BMC). Using these adsorbents to adsorb the allelopathic autotoxic substance quercetin. The physical and chemical properties of various biochars derived from traditional Chinese medicine residues were characterized using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N2 surface areas (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy (Raman). The study investigated the effects of the initial pH value, different humic acid concentrations, and multiple adsorption-desorption experiments on the removal of quercetin from the solution. The article discusses the adsorption mechanism of quercetin in solution by biochar from a traditional Chinese medicine residue, based on the results of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm fitting. The findings indicate that increasing the pyrolysis temperature reduces the oxygen-containing functional groups of BC, enhances the aromaticity, and stabilizes the carbon structure. The pore structure of BMC becomes more complex after ball milling, which increases the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. Among the samples tested, BMC700 exhibits the best adsorption performance, with an adsorption capacity of 293.3 mg·g-1 at 318 K. The adsorption process of quercetin by BMC700 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The process is primarily a form of multimolecular layer adsorption. Its mechanism involves the pore-filling effect, hydrogen-bonding interaction, electrostatic interaction, and π-π coexistence, as well as the yoke effect. Additionally, they are highly recyclable and show promise in addressing continuous cropping issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Li
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Keyan Chen
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Min Wang
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Hubei
University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Zhifan Zhang
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Fan Lu
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yadong Du
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yinghao Feng
- College
of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui
Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
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3
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Lingamdinne LP, Angaru GKR, Pal CA, Koduru JR, Karri RR, Mubarak NM, Chang YY. Insights into kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of chemically activated sunflower stem biochar for removal of phenol and bisphenol-A from wastewater. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4267. [PMID: 38383598 PMCID: PMC10881974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized a highly efficient KOH-treated sunflower stem activated carbon (KOH-SSAC) using a two-step pyrolysis process and chemical activation using KOH. The resulting material exhibited exceptional properties, such as a high specific surface area (452 m2/g) and excellent adsorption capacities for phenol (333.03 mg/g) and bisphenol A (BPA) (365.81 mg/g). The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, benefiting from the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and stacking interactions. Comparative analysis also showed that KOH-SSAC performed approximately twice as well as sunflower stem biochar (SSB), indicating its potential for water treatment and pollutant removal applications. The study suggests the exploration of optimization strategies to further enhance the efficiency of KOH-SSAC in large-scale scenarios. These findings contribute to the development of improved materials for efficient water treatment and pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei.
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Yoon-Young Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Rizwan M, Murtaza G, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Iqbal R, Ahmed Z, Khan I, Siddique KHM, Leng L, Li H. Tuning active sites on biochars for remediation of mercury-contaminated soil: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115916. [PMID: 38171108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination is acknowledged as a global issue and has generated concerns globally due to its toxicity and persistence. Tunable surface-active sites (SASs) are one of the key features of efficient BCs for Hg remediation, and detailed documentation of their interactions with metal ions in soil medium is essential to support the applications of functionalized BC for Hg remediation. Although a specific active site exhibits identical behavior during the adsorption process, a systematic documentation of their syntheses and interactions with various metal ions in soil medium is crucial to promote the applications of functionalized biochars in Hg remediation. Hence, we summarized the BC's impact on Hg mobility in soils and discussed the potential mechanisms and role of various SASs of BC for Hg remediation, including oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and X (chlorine, bromine, iodine)- functional groups (FGs), surface area, pores and pH. The review also categorized synthesis routes to introduce oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur to BC surfaces to enhance their Hg adsorptive properties. Last but not the least, the direct mechanisms (e.g., Hg- BC binding) and indirect mechanisms (i.e., BC has a significant impact on the cycling of sulfur and thus the Hg-soil binding) that can be used to explain the adverse effects of BC on plants and microorganisms, as well as other related consequences and risk reduction strategies were highlighted. The future perspective will focus on functional BC for multiple heavy metal remediation and other potential applications; hence, future work should focus on designing intelligent/artificial BC for multiple purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 848300, China
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia.
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Chen S, Han J, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zheng C, Ma L, Liu S, Yang Y, Zou L, He L, Li J. Preparation of biochar-based surface molecularly imprinted polymers and evaluation of their selective adsorption and removal of carbaryl from rice and corn. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464210. [PMID: 37451198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The residue of carbaryl in food is a threat to human health. In this study, activated soybean shell biochar (A-SBC) was used as a carrier, methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as a functional monomer, and carbaryl was used as a template molecule to synthesize the activated biochar surface molecularly imprinted polymer (A-SBC@MIP). The synthesized A-SBC@MIP was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and XPS techniques, and then applied as adsorbent for carbaryl removal. The adsorption capacity of A-SBC@MIP for carbaryl was 8.6 mg‧g-1 and the imprinting factor was 1.49 at the optimum ionic strength and pH. The kinetic and isothermal data indicated that it had fast mass transfer rate and high binding capacity(Qmax=47.9 mg‧g-1). A-SBC@MIP showed good regenerative properties and the adsorption of carbaryl was excellent in its structural analogues. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) column composed of A-SBC@MIP was developed for the detection of rice and corn under optimized conditions, with recoveries of 93-101% for the spiked carbaryl. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 3.6 μg‧kg-1 with good linearity (R2=0.994) in the range of 0.01-5.00 mg‧L-1. The results show that the developed MIPs-SPE can enrich carbaryl from food samples as a specific and cost-effective method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Han
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yiting Zhu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chi Zheng
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yong Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Likou Zou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li He
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
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Da Y, Xu M, Ma J, Gao P, Zhang X, Yang G, Wu J, Song C, Long L, Chen C. Remediation of cadmium contaminated soil using K 2FeO 4 modified vinasse biochar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115171. [PMID: 37348221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil is challenging for agricultural practices. In this study, a novel vinasse biochar modified by potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) was synthesized to immobilize Cd in agricultural soil. Three biochars [i.e., vinasse biochar (BC), KMnO4 modified vinasse biochar (MnBC), and K2FeO4 modified vinasse biochar (FeBC)] were applied to compare their efficiencies of Cd immobilization. The results showed that the orders of pH, ash content, and functional groups in different biochar were the same following BC < MnBC < FeBC. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the FeBC has more micropores than MnBC and BC. X-ray diffraction identified manganese oxides and iron oxides within MnBC and FeBC, indicating that Mn and Fe were well loaded on the biochar. In the soil-based pot experiment, both MnBC and FeBC significantly reduced soil available Cd by 23-38% and 36-45% compared with the control, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, the application of BC, MnBC, and FeBC significantly increased the yield, chlorophyll, and vitamin C of Chinese cabbage (p < 0.05), and decreased its Cd uptake compared with the control. Notably, shoot Cd significantly reduced when 2% FeBC was applied (p < 0.05). Overall, using K2FeO4 to modify vinasse biochar enriched the surface functional groups and minerals as well as reduced Cd availability in soil and its uptake by the plant. Our study showed that K2FeO4 modified vinasse biochar could be used as an ideal amendment for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Da
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15261, USA
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chun Song
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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7
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Al-Asadi ST, Al-Qaim FF, Al-Saedi HFS, Deyab IF, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S. Adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using low-cost adsorbent: kinetic, isotherm adsorption, and thermodynamic studies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:676. [PMID: 37188926 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fig leaf, an environmentally friendly byproduct of fruit plants, has been used for the first time to treat of methylene blue dye. The fig leaf-activated carbon (FLAC-3) was prepared successfully and used for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MB). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In the present study, initial concentrations, contact time, temperatures, pH solution, FLAC-3 dose, volume solution, and activation agent were investigated. However, the initial concentration of MB was investigated at different concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 200 mg/L. pH solution was examined at these values: pH3, pH7, pH8, and pH11. Moreover, adsorption temperatures of 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C were considered to investigate how the FLAC-3 works on MB dye removal. The adsorption capacity of FLAC-3 was determined to be 24.75 mg/g for 0.08 g and 41 mg/g for 0.02 g. The adsorption process has followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9841), where the adsorption created a monolayer covering the surface of the adsorbent. Additionally, it was discovered that the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 41.7 mg/g and the Langmuir affinity constant (KL) was 0.37 L/mg. The FLAC-3, as low-cost adsorbents for methylene blue dye, has shown good cationic dye adsorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Talib Al-Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq.
| | | | - Issa Farhan Deyab
- Medical Physics Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sun S, Zhu Y, Gu Z, Chu H, Hu C, Gao L, Zhao X. Adsorption of crystal violet on activated bamboo fiber powder from water: preparation, characterization, kinetics and isotherms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6108-6123. [PMID: 36814871 PMCID: PMC9940309 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass-activated carbon has made a great contribution as an adsorbent in the field of dye wastewater treatment. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the preparation process. Bamboo fiber activated carbon (BAC) with a specific surface area of 2892 m2 g-1 and a pore volume of 1.80 cm3 g-1 was prepared. Various characterization methods (SEM, XPS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy) were used to analyze the micro-structure of BAC. In the microscopic state, the BAC is fibrous and maintains the originally connected pores of the bamboo fiber. After high-temperature activation, the microcrystallinity of BAC decreases, and the degree of graphitization is low, indicating the presence of amorphous carbon. The adsorption capacity of BAC to crystal violet in simulated wastewater was evaluated via an adsorption experiment. Under the following conditions: the dosage of BAC was 0.04 g, the concentration was 600 mg L-1, the adsorption temperature and time were 25 °C and 30 min, respectively, and the as-prepared BAC had a 99.96% removal rate. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process of CV on BAC belonged to monomolecular layer adsorption. The adsorption process occurs spontaneously and is accompanied by heat release, and the maximum adsorption capacity of BAC within a given concentration range could reach 1353.09 mg g-1. SEM-EDS characterization before and after adsorption showed that ion exchange and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups played an important role in promoting the adsorption process. The results show that BAC considerably affects CV removal, which has great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushuang Sun
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China .,School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Zishuo Gu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Hongyu Chu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Chaoshuai Hu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan 114051 China
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Li P, Zhao T, Zhao Z, Tang H, Feng W, Zhang Z. Biochar Derived from Chinese Herb Medicine Residues for Rhodamine B Dye Adsorption. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4813-4825. [PMID: 36777604 PMCID: PMC9909799 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, one well-known CHM residue (Atropa belladonna L., ABL) was used to prepare biochar capable of adsorbing rhodamine B (RhB) with an ultrahigh surface area for the first time. Three micropore-rich ABL biochars including ABL@ZnCl2 (1866 m2/g), ABL@H3PO4 (1488 m2/g), and ABL@KOH (590 m2/g) were obtained using the one-step carbonization method with activation agents (ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH) via chemical activation and carbonization at 500 °C, and their adsorption performance for RhB was systematically studied with adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. Through pore diffusion, π-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding, ABL biochar had excellent adsorption performance for RhB. Moreover, when C 0 was 200 mg/L, biochar dosage was 1 g/L, and the contact time was 120 min; the maximum RhB adsorption capacity and removal efficiency on ABL@ZnCl2 and ABL@H3PO4 were 190.63 mg/g, 95% and 184.70 mg/g, 92%, respectively, indicating that it was feasible to prepare biochar from the ABL residue for RhB adsorption. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of ABL@ZnCl2 and ABL@H3PO4 for RhB were 263.19 mg/g and 309.11 mg/g at 25 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared biochar showed good economic applicability, with pay back of USD 972/t (ABL@ZnCl2) and USD 987/t (ABL@H3PO4), respectively. More importantly, even after five cycles, ABL@H3PO4 biochar still showed great RhB removal efficiency, suggesting that it had a good application prospect and provided a new method for the resource utilization of traditional CHM residues. Additionally, pore diffusion, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding all play roles in the physical adsorption of RhB on ABL biochar. π-π interactions dominated in the early stage of RhB adsorption on ABL@H3PO4, while pore diffusion played a crucial role in the whole adsorption process on both adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Hanxiao Tang
- College
of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University
of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- College
of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese
Medicine, Zhengzhou450046, China
- Institute
of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
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10
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Tomczyk A, Kondracki B, Szewczuk-Karpisz K. Chemical modification of biochars as a method to improve its surface properties and efficiency in removing xenobiotics from aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137238. [PMID: 36375614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, applied in various areas such as water purification, fuel production, soil amendment, etc. Many types of BC are characterized by insufficient textural parameters or poor surface chemistry, and hence by low adsorption capacity. This makes innovative chemical methods increasing BC ability to remove xenobiotics from aquatic environments highly needed. Many of them have already been described in the literature. This review presents them in detail and evaluates their effectiveness in improving textural parameters, surface chemistry, and adsorption capacity of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kondracki
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 (SPSK Nr 4), 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Yan Y, Zhou L, Chen Z, Qi F. Ultrahigh sorption of sulfamethoxazole by potassium hydroxide-modified biochars derived from bean-worm skin waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:3997-4009. [PMID: 35963968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food processing of bean worm generates copious amount of skin as solid waste posing a serious environmental concern. The present study utilized bean worm skin (BWS) waste to produce KOH-modified biochars (KBWS-BCs) for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solution for the first time. Characterization of KBWS-BCs was systematically investigated via multiple instrumental analysis techniques. The sorption performance of KBWS-BCs as a function of solution pH, reaction time, initial SMX concentration, and reaction temperature was investigated using batch experiments. The classic kinetics and isotherm models were employed to fit the sorption data. KBWS-BCs exhibited large surface areas (3331-4742 m2 g-1) and ultrahigh sorption performance for SMX (maximum adsorption capacities of 909-2000 mg g-1), which were comparable to those of other modified biochars and even those of well-designed materials. Thermodynamic study indicated that the sorption of SMX on KBWS-BCs was a spontaneous (△G° < 0) and exothermic (△H° < 0) process. Mechanism analysis showed that both chemisorption and physisorption were responsible for the adsorption of SMX by KBWS-BCs. Overall, recycling BWS for preparation of high-performance biochars can be a "win-win" strategy for both disposal of BWS and removal of SMX from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Zhaolan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Liu Z, Xu Z, Xu L, Buyong F, Chay TC, Li Z, Cai Y, Hu B, Zhu Y, Wang X. Modified biochar: synthesis and mechanism for removal of environmental heavy metals. CARBON RESEARCH 2022; 1:8. [DOI: doi.org/10.1007/s44246-022-00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWith social progress and industrial development, heavy metal pollution in water and soils environment is becoming more serious. Although biochar is a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal ions, its adsorption and immobilization efficiency still need to be improved. As an upgraded version of biochar, modified biochar has attracted extensive attention in the scientific community. This review summarized the recent research progress on the treatment methods on heavy metal pollutants in water and soils using biochar. The features and advantages of biochar modification techniques such as physical modification, chemical modification, biological modification and other categories of biochar were discussed. The mechanism of removing heavy metals from soil and water by modified biochar was summarized. It was found that biochar had better performance after modification, which provided higher surface areas and more functional groups, and had enough binding sites to combine heavy metal ions. Biochar is a very promising candidate for removing heavy metals in environment. Furthermore, some high valent metal ions could be reduced to low valent metals, such as Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III), and form precipitates on biochar by in-situ sorption-reduction-precipitation strategy. However, it is still the direction of efforts to develop high-efficiency modified biochar with low-cost, high sorption capacity, high photocatalytic performance, environmentally friendly and no secondary pollution in future.
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Yu C, Chen X, Li N, Chen J, Yao L, Zhou Y, Lu K, Lai Y, Lai X. Biomass ash pyrolyzed from municipal sludge and its adsorption performance toward tetracycline: effect of pyrolysis temperature and KOH activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81383-81395. [PMID: 35731434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large amount of municipal sludge is difficult to handle; its resource utilization is an effective measure. In this study, the municipal sludge from sewage treatment plant was pyrolyzed without gas protection at different temperatures and potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentrations for activation. The pyrolysis products, named biomass ash, with higher surface area and enriched pore structures could be obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 773 K. Moreover, the KOH activation for raw municipal sludge could further increase the surface area of the pyrolysis biomass ash. The maximum specific surface area was 44.71 m2/g, which was obtained under 2 mol/L KOH activation before pyrolysis at 773 K. And in this situation, the obtained pyrolysis biomass ash as adsorbent showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 50.75 mg/g toward tetracycline (TC). Moreover, the TC adsorption onto pyrolysis biomass ash obtained under various conditions followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption thermodynamics analysis suggested the TC adsorption onto the pyrolysis biomass ash with no pre-activation was mainly due to the multi-molecule heterogeneous adsorption, while the TC adsorption onto pyrolysis biomass ash pretreated through the activation of KOH followed the monomer adsorption mechanism. This different adsorption mechanism was largely related to the pore structure, polarity, and aromaticity of the adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering of Hunan Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Jieming Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Liang Yao
- College of Transportation and Civil Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Kaihong Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yiqi Lai
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiangyu Lai
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
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14
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Methylene Blue Removal by Chitosan Cross-Linked Zeolite from Aqueous Solution and Other Ion Effects: Isotherm, Kinetic, and Desorption Studies. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1853758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing innovative technology for removing methylene blue (MB) from water is essential since the widespread discharge of MB from industrial effluents causes problems for humans and the environment. In this study, we conducted the adsorption method, a simple technique that utilizes an adsorbent. Chitosan is cross-linked with zeolite as a promising adsorbent material and environmentally friendly. For the characterization, FTIR, SEM-EDS, DLS, and pHzpc were analyzed. It was discovered that the removal percentage reached 97% with an adsorption capacity of 242.51 mg/g for 60 minutes at pH 10. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic model were investigated. As a result, the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model were fitted to the adsorption process. Moreover, the effect of other ions was investigated for 5 minutes of mixing time. The results showed that the removal percentage increased in the presence of H2O2 ion. Contrary to sodium chloride, glucose, and citric acid ions, the effectiveness of H2SO4 as a desorbing agent was 99.65% for 30 minutes at 45°C.
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Yusuff AS, Lala MA, Thompson-Yusuff KA, Babatunde EO. ZnCl2-modified eucalyptus bark biochar as adsorbent: preparation, characterization and its application in adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Prasad Reddy Kannapu H, Pyo S, Shiung Lam S, Jae J, Hoon Rhee G, Ali Khan M, Jeon BH, Park YK. MgO-modified activated biochar for biojet fuels from pyrolysis of sawdust on a simple tandem micro-pyrolyzer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127500. [PMID: 35724913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study on MgO-modified KOH activated biochar (AC) catalysts, in the pyrolysis of sawdust for the direct production of bio-jet fuels using a tandem micro-pyrolyzer. AC catalysts with various MgO contents (5 to 20 wt%) were synthesized using an impregnation method. The mesopores generated (4 to 18 nm) in the carbon has a great potential in the conversion of oxygenated to jet fuel. The importance of basic nature in the catalysts is demonstrated with the maximum bio-jet fuel yield of 29 % at 10 % MgO. Further, the temperature of 600 °C and a catalyst/sawdust ratio of 10 are identified as the optimal conditions. The nanosize of MgO and the synergism of acid and base sites seemed to enhance deoxygenation, via decarboxylation and decarbonylation, and oligomerization, which are required for jet fuel formation in high amounts from sawdust pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumin Pyo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Golnari K, Alijani H, Nobakht V, Mokhtari B. High-performance total sulfur removal from diesel fuel using amine functionalized biochar: Equilibrium, kinetic study and experimental design. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xie LQ, Jiang XY, Yu JG. A Novel Low-Cost Bio-Sorbent Prepared from Crisp Persimmon Peel by Low-Temperature Pyrolysis for Adsorption of Organic Dyes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165160. [PMID: 36014402 PMCID: PMC9416227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to properly reuse food waste and remove various contaminants from wastewater, the development of green, sustainable and clean technologies has demonstrated potential in the efficient inhibition of secondary pollution to the environment. In this study, an economical and green method was used to prepare biochar from crisp persimmon peel (CPP) using flash-vacuum pyrolysis at different temperatures (200–700 °C; referred to as CPP200–CPP700). CPP200 has high polarity, low aromaticity and high oxygen-containing functional groups that exhibit superior MB adsorption capabilities. CPP200 that was prepared at a relatively low temperature of 200 °C exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 59.72 mg/g toward methylene blue (MB), which was relatively higher than that for alizarin yellow R (4.05 mg/g) and neutral red (39.08 mg/g), indicating that CPP200 possesses a higher adsorption selectivity for cationic dyes. Kinetics investigation revealed that the kinetic data of CPP200 for the adsorption of MB was better fitted by a linear pseudo-second-order model. Isothermal studies indicated that the linear Langmuir model was more suitable for describing the adsorption process. The adsorption thermodynamics illustrated that the adsorption of MB onto CPP200 was spontaneous and endothermic. EDS and IR analyses of CPP200 for both pre- and post-adsorption of MB showed that electrostatic interactions between oxygen-containing groups on biochar and target MB dominated the adsorption procedure, in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions. Reusability tests confirmed the excellent regeneration characteristics of CPP200, indicating that CPP200 may be used as a green, sustainable, highly efficient and recyclable adsorbent for the selective removal of cationic organic dyes.
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Conversion of Industrial Sludge into Activated Biochar for Effective Cationic Dye Removal: Characterization and Adsorption Properties Assessment. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth characterization of a raw industrial sludge (IS-R) and its KOH-activated biochar pyrolyzed at 750 °C (IS-KOH-B) followed by their application to remove a cationic dye from aqueous solution. Materials characterization shows that compared to the IS-R, the IS-KOH-B has improved structural, textural, and surface chemical properties. In particular, the IS-KOH-B’s BET surface area and total pore volume are about 78 and 6 times higher than those found for the IS-R, respectively. The activated biochar efficiently retained the cationic dye under wide experimental conditions. Indeed, for an initial dye concentration of 50 mg L−1, removal yields were assessed to be more than 92.5%, 93.5%, and 97.8% for a large pH range (4–10), in the presence of high contents of competing cations (3000 mg L−1 of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+), and a low used adsorbent dose (1 g L−1), respectively. The Langmuir’s adsorption capacities were 48.5 and 65.9 mg g−1 for of IS-R and IS-KOH-B, respectively, which are higher than those reported for various adsorbents in the literature. The dye removal was found to be monolayer, spontaneous, and endothermic for both the adsorbents. Moreover, this removal process seems to be controlled by chemical reactions for IS-KOH-B whereas by both physico–chemical reactions for IS-R. This study demonstrates that the raw industrial sludge and especially its KOH-activated derived biochar could be considered as promising adsorbents for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Dutra LV, de Oliveira Fontoura CR, da Cruz JC, Nascimento MA, de Oliveira AF, Lopes RP. Green Synthesis Optimization of Graphene Quantum Dots by Dohelert Design For Dye Photodegradation Application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Pandey D, Daverey A, Dutta K, Arunachalam K. Bioremoval of toxic malachite green from water through simultaneous decolorization and degradation using laccase immobilized biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134126. [PMID: 35247449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, decolorization and degradation of malachite green dye was studied using the laccase immobilized pine needle biochar. Successful immobilization of biochar was achieved by adsorption and confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). High laccase binding of 64.4 U/g and high immobilization yield of 78.1% was achieved using 4U of enzyme at pH3 and temperature 30 °C. The immobilized laccase retained >50% relative activity in the pH range 2-7, >45% relative activity at 65 °C and >55% relative activity at 4 °C for 4 weeks. The re-usability of immobilized enzyme was checked with 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) substrate and enzyme retained 53% of its activity after 6 cycles. Immobilized laccase was used for the degradation and decolorization of azo dye malachite green in aqueous solution. More than 85% removal of malachite green dye (50 mg/L) was observed within 5 h. FTIR and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis clearly indicated the breakdown of dye and presence of metabolites (leuco malachite green, methanone, [4-(dimethyl amino)pheny]phenyl and 3-dimethyl-phenyl amine) in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirmed the dye degradation. Phytotoxicity analysis indicated that the enzymatic degradation resulted in lesser toxic metabolites than the original dye. Thus, laccase immobilized biochar can be used as an efficient biocatalytic agent to remove dye from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Pandey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India
| | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India; School of Biological Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India
| | - Kasturi Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Kusum Arunachalam
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248012, India.
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22
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Kinetic and thermodynamic study on the esterification of oleic acid over SO 3H-functionalized eucalyptus tree bark biochar catalyst. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8653. [PMID: 35606402 PMCID: PMC9126883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, esterification of oleic acid (OA) over tosylic acid functionalized eucalyptus bark biochar (TsOH-MBC) to synthesize fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was investigated. The TsOH-MBC catalyst was prepared via pyrolysis-activation-sulfonation process at various impregnation ratios and was characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, BET, TGA and acid site density techniques. The catalytic performance of the sulfonated biochar catalyst was described in terms of acidity and FAME yield. 6 g of sulfonic acid loaded on 10 g of MBC (6TsOH-MBC) appeared to be most appropriate combination to achieve a highly active catalyst for the esterification of OA with 96.28% conversion to FAME at 80 °C for 5 h with catalyst loading of 4.0 wt% and 8:1 methanol/OA molar ratio. The catalytic reaction kinetic data were very well described by the second-order model, with a rate coefficient of 0.223 mL mol−1 h−1 at 80 °C and activation energy of 81.77 kJ mol−1. The thermodynamic parameters such as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\Delta G$$\end{document}ΔG were determined to be 78.94 kJ mol−1, 135.3 J mol−1 K−1 and 33.03 kJ mol−1, respectively. This research provided an environmentally friendly procedure for FAME production that could be replicated on a commercial scale.
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Mg(NO3)2·6H2O-modified porous carbon derived from peanut shell: formation mechanism and efficient removal of p-nitrophenol. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Phinyothanmakorn N, Prasert T, Ngernyen Y, Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi S, Phungsai P. Characterization of molecular dissolved organic matter removed by modified eucalyptus-based biochar and disinfection by-product formation potential using Orbitrap mass spectrometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153299. [PMID: 35074379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an alternative adsorbent, with similar characteristics to activated carbon, that can be applied to water treatment to remove dissolved organic matter (DOM) as disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors with comparable efficiency and better cost-effectiveness and sustainability relative to commercial alternatives. We applied non-targeted analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry to investigate changes in molecular DOM and DBP formation after treating DOM-containing water with biochar. Two surface water sources, Phong River (PR) in Khon Kaen, Thailand and Suwannee river (SR), USA, were tested using three types of eucalyptus-derived biochar (i.e., KOH-modified, calcined, and both) were selected as adsorbents and compared to commercial coconut-based activated carbon (ccAC). The results showed that calcination increased the surface area, pore volume, and functional groups of biochar responsible for adsorption. The calcined biochar achieved higher DOC removal efficiencies for both rivers than other adsorbents. PR contains more adsorbable DOM as over 800 molecules with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) features that were decreased or totally removed by all adsorbents. In contrast, for SR treatment, KOH-modified and calcined biochar was found to decrease over 800 CHO features, compared to around 500 and 400 CHO features for calcined biochar and ccAC, respectively. However, numerous background CHO features with reduced character (i.e., low degree of oxidation) were found after water treatment by calcined biochar, resulting in higher DBP formation after chlorination compared to the other adsorbents. The results of this study have important implications for future preparation of biochar for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Phinyothanmakorn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thirawit Prasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yuvarat Ngernyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sumana Siripattanakul-Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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25
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Removal of Methylene Blue by Metal Oxides Supported by Oily Sludge Pyrolysis Residues. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As a typical pollutant, methylene blue poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. Oily sludge pyrolysis residue loaded with metal oxides could be used to prepare composite materials, which is not only an effective way to treat oily sludge, but also a possible method to treat methylene blue pollutants. In this paper, composite materials (AC-CuO, AC-ZnO, and AC-TiO2) were prepared by oily sludge pyrolysis residue-loaded CuO, ZnO, and TiO2 directly, and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, FT-IR, and XPS, and it was shown that the metal oxides were successfully supported on the pyrolysis residue. Then, the composite materials were applied to the removal of methylene blue solution. The removal effect of composite materials on methylene blue with respect to the impregnation time, impregnation ratio and dosage, and the contact time and number of regenerations were investigated, and the removal parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. The removal process for methylene blue was described by applying Lagergren, McKay, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlish isotherm and intraparticle diffusion models. According to the response surface methodology and the main factors affecting the removal effect of methylene blue, the results indicate that the removal effect of 5 mg/L methylene blue could reach 95.28%, 94.95%, and 96.96%, respectively, and the corresponding removal capacities were 4.76, 4.75, and 4.85 mg/g. In addition, kinetic studies showed that the removal process of methylene blue was mainly constituted by chemical adsorption. The intraparticle diffusion showed that the removal of methylene blue may be controlled by both liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The isotherms showed that the adsorption sites of composites for methylene blue were uniformly distributed and had the same affinity. Furthermore, regeneration experiments showed that the composite materials were stable and had relatively reusability.
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Wang C, Wang G, Xie S, Wang J, Guo Y. Removal behavior and mechanisms of U(VI) in aqueous solution using aloe vera biochar with highly developed porous structure. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yusuff AS, Popoola LT, Igbafe AI. Response surface modeling and optimization of hexavalent chromium adsorption onto eucalyptus tree bark-derived pristine and chemically-modified biochar. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yusuff AS, Thompson-Yusuff KA, Porwal J. Sulfonated biochar catalyst derived from eucalyptus tree shed bark: synthesis, characterization and its evaluation in oleic acid esterification. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10237-10248. [PMID: 35424967 PMCID: PMC8972392 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, fatty acid (oleic acid, OA) was upgraded to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via esterification reaction using sulfonated biochar obtained from eucalyptus tree shed bark as solid acid catalyst. Under the optimal esterification conditions (i.e., at 65 °C for 2 h using a methanol/OA molar ratio of 10 : 1 with a catalyst dosage of 4 wt%), the FAME yield was 97.05 ± 0.28% when a solid acid catalyst prepared by loading 6 g of p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) on 2 g of activated biochar (p-TSA3/ABC) was used. The remarkable performance of the p-TSA3/ABC could be attributed to its high acidity (468.8 μmol g-1) and dominance of the SO3H acid site on the catalyst surface. Experimental findings showed that the p-TSA3/ABC was relatively stable due to its highly functionalized structure. The catalyst was recycled for five successive cycles and exhibited no dramatic decrease in catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka S Yusuff
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Kudirat A Thompson-Yusuff
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lagos State University Epe Campus Epe Nigeria
| | - Jyoti Porwal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum Dehradun India
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Wu Q, Zhang Y, Cui MH, Liu H, Liu H, Zheng Z, Zheng W, Zhang C, Wen D. Pyrolyzing pharmaceutical sludge to biochar as an efficient adsorbent for deep removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from pharmaceutical wastewater: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127798. [PMID: 34838357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of pyrolysis parameters and modification methods on the characteristics of pharmaceutical sludge biochar, and investigated its capacity and mechanisms for levofloxacin (LEV), a typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics, adsorption. The results showed that SBET of the biochar was improved with temperature increase, but decreased when temperature reached 900 °C. Under the optimal pyrolysis condition of 800 °C and 90 min, the biochar possessed the highest SBET of 264.05 m2 g-1, excellent iodine value of 401.41 ± 3.84 mg∙g-1 and phenol adsorption of 57.36 ± 3.39 mg∙g-1. Among KOH, ZnCl2, and CO2 modifications, ZnCl2 modification achieved the highest phenol adsorption of 123.40 ± 4.65 mg g-1, with a significantly improved SBET of 534.91 m2 g-1. The maximum LEV adsorption capacity of ZnCl2 modified biochar, PZBC800, reached 159.26 mg g-1, which overwhelmed the reported sludge biochars. BET, zeta potential, FT-IR, XPS, and Raman analysis, along with quantum chemistry calculation, revealed that pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, surface complexation, and electrostatic interaction were the main mechanisms for the excellent LEV adsorption performance of PZBC800. Deep removal (99.9%) of Fluoroquinolones (FQs) from pharmaceutical wastewater was also achieved by PZBC800 adsorption. The study promoted the development of pharmaceutical sludge biochar preparation and its application in advanced treatment of FQs pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China.
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314006, China.
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Envirtecs Water and Wastewater Technology Company, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Donghui Wen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Chantarasrisuriyawong T, Prasert T, Yuthawong V, Phungsai P. Changes in molecular dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation during granular activated carbon filtration by unknown screening analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118039. [PMID: 34999315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The minimization of disinfection by-product (DBP) formation by the removal of its precursors before water disinfection is a highly effective approach. Granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration is widely used for water treatment, but our understanding of molecular dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains insufficient. This research investigates the removal of DOM and the minimization of DBP formation by pilot-scale coal- and coconut-based granular activated carbon filtrations (coAC and ccAC, respectively) using unknown screening analysis with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. DOM adsorption rates by both GACs were fitted with pseudo-second order models with initial adsorption rates of 0.005 mg g-1 min-1 and 0.022 mg g-1 min-1 for ccAC and coAC, respectively. Based on observations, ccAC was more effective in the removal of dissolved organic carbon and prolonged adsorption longer than coAC, as the breakthrough of coAC was found on Day 10. ccAC removed compounds with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO features) with a wide range of oxidation states, as indicated by the carbon oxidation state (Cos), and a wide range of unsaturation, as indicated by oxygen subtracted double bond equivalent per carbon ([DBE-O]/C), while coAC selectively removed only those CHO features with less oxidized characters. Less oxidized compounds (low Cos) were preferentially removed with less contact time, while more oxidized compounds needed more contact time to adsorb on the GACs. A biofilm was developed on Day 60, and many CHO features were found to have increased after GAC treatment on Day 60, indicating the formation of microbial products. Chlorination resulted in a decrease in many CHO and CHO with Cl atom (CHOCl) features and the formation of CHOCl DBPs more than CHO DBP features. ccAC was effective in the minimization of trihalomethane (THM) and CHOCl DBP feature formations on Day 10 and Day 60, while coAC was found to be much less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirawit Prasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Vitharuch Yuthawong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Activated Carbon and Coconut Coir with the Incorporation of ABR System as Greywater Filter: The Implications for Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Greywater refers to wastewater generated from domestic activities, which do not contain fecal contamination. Therefore, this study aims to treat greywater in Makassar city to speed up the water cycle and enable reuse, as an environmental conservation strategy. The water parameters measured were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). According to the results, the greywater’s BOD, COD, and TTS contents were 49.98 to 54.88 mg/L, 509 to 655 mg/L, and 404.40 to 464.65 mg/L, respectively, all of which exceed WHO wastewater quality standards. The use of a wastewater treatment installation comprising a combination of Activated Carbon (AC) and Coconut Coir (CC) with the incorporation of the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) system as a greywater filter successfully reduced the city’s greywater pollution. In addition, the new BOD content fulfills the environmentally safe wastewater standards, while the new COD and TSS contents were 152 mg/L to 184 mg/L and 59.68 mg/L to 77.42 mg/L, respectively, which are close to the WHO domestic wastewater quality standards.
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Patra BR, Nanda S, Dalai AK, Meda V. Taguchi-based process optimization for activation of agro-food waste biochar and performance test for dye adsorption. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131531. [PMID: 34329152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of process parameters for biochar activation is crucial for enhancing its surface area and adsorptive potentials. This work attempts to investigate the influence of activating agent (e.g., steam and KOH), temperature (700-900 °C) and activation time (60-120 min) using Taguchi L18 (21 × 32) experimental design for the activation of biochar derived from food waste and agricultural crop residues such as canola hull and oat hull. Among all the factors, activating agent and temperature influenced surface area considerably. KOH-assisted chemical activation of biochar at 800 °C for 90 min was found to be optimal with higher specific surface areas of 1760, 1718 and 1334 m2/g for food waste, canola hull and oat hull derived biochar, respectively. Finally, the comparative evaluation of the performances of biochar and activated carbon samples was achieved through the adsorption of common dyes such as methylene blue, methyl violet and rhodamine B. Activated carbon samples derived from food waste biochar and canola hull biochar exhibited a complete removal of methylene blue and methyl violet from model aqueous solution within 1-2 h of contact time at room temperature, whereas in case of rhodamine B only 91-94% removal was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswa R Patra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ajay K Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Venkatesh Meda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Ahangar FA, Rashid U, Ahmad J, Tsubota T, Alsalme A. Conversion of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer into Activated Carbon and Its Feasibility to Produce Green Fuel. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223952. [PMID: 34833251 PMCID: PMC8625594 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel idea was proposed to convert the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste drinking-water bottles into activated carbon (AC) to use for waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) feasibility to convert into esters. The acidic and basic char were prepared by using the waste PET bottles. The physiochemical properties were determined by employing various analytical techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and temperature-programmed desorption – ammonia/carbon dioxide (TPD-NH3/CO2). The prepared PET H3PO4 and PET KOH showed the higher surface area, thus illustrating that the surface of both materials has enough space for impregnation of foreign precursors. The TPD-NH3 and TPD-CO2 results depicted that PET H3PO4 is found to have higher acidity, i.e., 18.17 mmolg−1, due to the attachment of phosponyl groups to it during pretreatment, whereas, in the case of PET KOH, the basicity increases to 13.49 mmolg−1. The conversion results show that prepared materials can be used as a support for an acidic and basic catalyst for the conversion of WCO and PFAD into green fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous Ahmad Ahangar
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Umer Rashid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universita 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +60-3-97697393
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universita 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Toshiki Tsubota
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan;
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia;
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Abstract
It is with great pleasure that we present to you the output of the Special Issue Study of Biodegradation and Bioremediation [...]
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Birer AM, Gözmen B, Sönmez Ö, Kalderis D. Evaluation of sewage sludge biochar and modified derivatives as novel SPE adsorbents for monitoring of bisphenol A. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128866. [PMID: 33172672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is abundant biomass, the sustainable management of which remains a big issue worldwide. It was demonstrated that pyrolysis of sewage sludge using simple and cost-effective apparatus can produce biochars, suitable for solid-phase extraction applications of hydrophobic analytes. Detailed characterization showed that modification lead to three more hydrophobic and one more hydrophilic sample, compared to the original biochar. All samples were evaluated in the solid-phase extraction of the emerging contaminant Bisphenol A from aqueous solutions. KOH-SSB and KOH/MeOH-SSB exhibited the most promising behavior, with the latter achieving recoveries of 88.1%, at a quantity of 0.1 g at the natural pH of the BPA solution (6.5). The effect of solution pH was insignificant in the range of 4-7, whereas the initial BPA concentration had no effect in the recovery within the range of 1-100 μg L-1. The mechanism of interaction between the optimum sample and BPA was based on hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, establishing earlier observations that the type (and not concentration) of individual surface groups and the total surface area play a significant role in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Mulla Birer
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Gözmen
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Özgür Sönmez
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.
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Sukhbaatar B, Yoo B, Lim JH. Metal-free high-adsorption-capacity adsorbent derived from spent coffee grounds for methylene blue. RSC Adv 2021; 11:5118-5127. [PMID: 35424460 PMCID: PMC8694667 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal-free carbon materials were prepared from spent coffee grounds (SCG) using the coupled KOH-urea and NaOH-urea as activating agents, and these were compared with SCG activation by the alkali salts alone. SCG was impregnated with the activating agents before being pyrolyzed at 800 °C under a N2 atmosphere. Characterization of the as-pyrolyzed carbon materials was performed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and measurement of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The carbon materials were utilized for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. Combining KOH and urea as activating agents resulted in the generation of pertinent SCG-derived carbon material properties, including a large surface area (1665.45 m2 g-1) and excellent MB adsorption capacity. Adsorption efficiencies were studied using adsorption kinetics (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) and adsorption isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) models. The influences of pH and temperature were investigated. The results of this work raise new possibilities for synthesizing carbon materials with high MB adsorption capacities from biowastes, via less-toxic, energy-saving conventional pyrolysis methods for water-treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayaraa Sukhbaatar
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan 15588 Korea
| | - Bongyoung Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan 15588 Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam-si 13120 Korea
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Pereira Lopes R, Astruc D. Biochar as a support for nanocatalysts and other reagents: Recent advances and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
Porous materials constitute an attractive research field due to their high specific surfaces; high chemical stabilities; abundant pores; special electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties; and their often higher reactivities. These materials are currently generating a great deal of enthusiasm, and they have been used in large and diverse applications, such as those relating to sensors and biosensors, catalysis and biocatalysis, separation and purification techniques, acoustic and electrical insulation, transport gas or charged species, drug delivery, and electrochemistry. Porous carbons are an important class of porous materials that have grown rapidly in recent years. They have the advantages of a tunable pore structure, good physical and chemical stability, a variable specific surface, and the possibility of easy functionalization. This gives them new properties and allows them to improve their performance for a given application. This review paper intends to understand how porous carbons involve the removal of pollutants from water, e.g., heavy metal ions, dyes, and organic or inorganic molecules. First, a general overview description of the different precursors and the manufacturing methods of porous carbons is illustrated. The second part is devoted to reporting some applications such using porous carbon materials as an adsorbent. It appears that the use of porous materials at different scales for these applications is very promising for wastewater treatment industries.
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Residue Char Derived from Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Sludge as Adsorbent for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Residue char is the main by-product of the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of activated sludge and it has a high content of fixed carbon and porous structure, but little is known about its character as an absorbent. In this study, residue char of activated sludge with microwave-assisted pyrolysis was used as an adsorbent to absorb methylene blue. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis holding time, contact time, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption ability of residue char were investigated. Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic models were also included to study the adsorption behavior. The results showed that the optimal pyrolysis condition was 15 min and 603 °C, and the adsorption capacity reached up to 80.01 mg/g. The kinetics analyses indicated the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the adsorption process was mainly due to chemical interaction. The adsorption isotherm was described by Freundlich model and thus, its process was multimolecular layer adsorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamics parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) at different temperatures indicated that the nature of the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous.
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