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Anwar A, Kanwal Q, Sadiqa A, Razaq T, Khan IH, Javaid A, Khan S, Tag-Eldin E, Ouladsmane M. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Analysis of High Surface Area Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14527. [PMID: 37833975 PMCID: PMC10572144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous microwave-assisted flow synthesis has been used as a simple, more efficient, and low-cost route to fabricate a range of nanosized (<100 nm) strontium-substituted calcium phosphates. In this study, fine nanopowder was synthesized via a continuous flow synthesis with microwave assistance from the solutions of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (with strontium nitrate as Sr2+ ion source) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate at pH 10 with a time duration of 5 min. The morphological characterization of the obtained powder has been carried out by employing techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The chemical structural analysis to evaluate the surface properties was made by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Zeta potential analysis was performed to evaluate the colloidal stability of the particles. Antimicrobial studies were performed for all the compositions using four bacterial strains and an opportunistic human fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. It was found that the nanoproduct with high strontium content (15 wt% of strontium) showed pronounced antibacterial potential against M. luteus while it completely arrested the fungal growth after 48 h by all of its concentrations. Thus the synthesis strategy described herein facilitated the rapid production of nanosized Sr-substituted CaPs with excellent biological performance suitable for a bone replacement application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Qudsia Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (Q.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Ayesha Sadiqa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (Q.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tabassam Razaq
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Iqra Haider Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (I.H.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Arshad Javaid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (I.H.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Safia Khan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - ElSayed Tag-Eldin
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Mohamed Ouladsmane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Borciani G, Ciapetti G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Baldini N. Strontium Functionalization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Purposes: A Biological Point of View. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051724. [PMID: 35268956 PMCID: PMC8911212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is a trace element taken with nutrition and found in bone in close connection to native hydroxyapatite. Sr is involved in a dual mechanism of coupling the stimulation of bone formation with the inhibition of bone resorption, as reported in the literature. Interest in studying Sr has increased in the last decades due to the development of strontium ranelate (SrRan), an orally active agent acting as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, the use of SrRan was subjected to some limitations starting from 2014 due to its negative side effects on the cardiac safety of patients. In this scenario, an interesting perspective for the administration of Sr is the introduction of Sr ions in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This strategy has attracted attention thanks to its positive effects on bone formation, alongside the reduction of osteoclast activity, proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. The purpose of this review is to go through the classes of biomaterials most commonly used in BTE and functionalized with Sr, i.e., calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, metal-based materials, and polymers. The works discussed in this review were selected as representative for each type of the above-mentioned categories, and the biological evaluation in vitro and/or in vivo was the main criterion for selection. The encouraging results collected from the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are outlined to highlight the potential applications of materials’ functionalization with Sr as an osteopromoting dopant in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366748
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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Yeh CL, Bhorade R, Hsu TT, Chen CY, Lin CP. Mechanical assessment and odontogenic behavior of a 3D-printed mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate/poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffold. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:510-518. [PMID: 34266707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Tissue engineering in dentistry has fundamentally changed the way endodontists assess treatment options. Our previous study found that quercetin-contained mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCSQ) could induce hard tissue defect region regeneration. This study focused on whether the MSCSQ scaffold could also be effective in regulating odontogenesis and dentin regeneration. METHODS In this study, we fabricated MSCSQ composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique. The characteristics of the MSCSQ scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and mechanical properties were also assessed. In addition, we evaluated the cell viability, cell proliferation, odontogenic-related protein expression, and mineralization behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured on different scaffolds. RESULTS We found the precipitation of spherical-apatite on the scaffold surface rapidly in short periods. The in-vitro results for cell behavior revealed that hDPSCs with an MSCSQ scaffold were significantly higher in cell viability as followed time points. In addition, the specific makers of odontogenesis, such as DSPP and DMP-1 proteins, were induced obviously after culturing the hDPSCs on the MSCSQ scaffold. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MSCSQ scaffolds could enhance physicochemical and biological behaviors compared to mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) scaffolds. In addition, MSCSQ scaffolds also enhanced odontogenic and immuno-suppressive properties compared to MSCS scaffolds. These results indicated that MSCSQ scaffolds could be considered a potential bioscaffold for clinical applications and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rupali Bhorade
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Huang KH, Chen CY, Chang CY, Chen YW, Lin CP. The synergistic effects of quercetin-containing 3D-printed mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds for the promotion of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:1627-1634. [PMID: 33593691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Several growth factors were proven to be effective in the treatment of bone defects and fractures and thus have great potential for bone regeneration applications. However, it needs low-temperature storage and transportation. This study aimed to investigate the herbal extract quercetin, a candidate for natural flavonoid compounds that have been reported to be involved in regulating inflammation and improving immunity and health. METHODS In this study, we prepared quercetin (Q)/mesoporous calcium silicate calcium sulfate (MSCS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique, where we immersed it in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and soaked it for up to 60 days. The characteristics of quercetin scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), immunofluorescence, and Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS We found precipitation of apatite on the surface of the scaffold. The in vitro results for cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) with a 2% quercetin (Q2) scaffold were significantly higher in number than with 1% quercetin (Q1) and MSCS scaffolds. The phalloidin staining of cell skeletons on the surface of Q2 revealed powerful cell-to-cell adhesion and high expression of green fluorescence. The Q2 scaffold also had the highest calcium deposit levels based on Alizarin Red S staining in all scaffolds. This indicated that quercetin was able to induce cell growth and mitosis, echoing the previous preliminary results. CONCLUSION Our initial results indicate that this natural herbal extract can be a good bone-based gene substitution for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Chang
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kao CT, Chiu YC, Lee AKX, Lin YH, Huang TH, Liu YC, Shie MY. The synergistic effects of Xu Duan combined Sr-contained calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds for the promotion of osteogenesis marker expression and the induction of bone regeneration in osteoporosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111629. [PMID: 33321669 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and its related problems such as fractures are gradually becoming common due to an aging population. Current methods to treat osteoporosis include medical and surgical options such as bone implants. Recent developments in 3D printing and materials science technologies has allowed us to fabricate individualized scaffolds with desired properties. In this study, we mixed Xu Duan into strontium‑calcium silicate powder at 5% (XD5) and 10% (XD10) and fabricated 3D scaffolds with polycaprolactone. All scaffolds were assessed for its physical, mechanical, and biological properties to evaluated for its feasibility for bone tissue engineering in the osteoporosis model. Our results showed that such a scaffold could be fabricated using extrusion-based printing techniques and that addition of XD did not alter original structural properties of the SrCS. Furthermore, the XD5 and XD10 scaffolds were found to be non-toxic to cells and cells cultured on the scaffolds had significantly higher proliferation and secreted increased osteogenic-related proteins in in vitro studies as compared to the XD0 groups. Remarkably, the XD10 scaffolds could be used as substitutes for the critical-sized bone defect (7.0 mm diameter and 8.0 mm depth) in the osteoporotic rabbit model. The XD10 scaffolds can enhance bone ingrowth and accelerate new bone regeneration even in complex osteoporotic pathological environments. These results showed that such a Chinese medicine-contained scaffold had potential in osteoporosis bone tissue regeneration and could be considered as a promising tool for future clinical used applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Tze Kao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Dental Science and Oral Health Industries, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Effect of Bone Morphogenic Protein-2-Loaded Mesoporous Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate/Recycled Fish Gelatin 3D Cell-Laden Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has a complex hierarchical structure with the capability of self-regeneration. In the case of critical-sized defects, the regeneration capabilities of normal bones are severely impaired, thus causing non-union healing of bones. Therefore, bone tissue engineering has since emerged to solve problems relating to critical-sized bone defects. Amongst the many biomaterials available on the market, calcium silicate-based (CS) cements have garnered huge interest due to their versatility and good bioactivity. In the recent decade, scientists have attempted to modify or functionalize CS cement in order to enhance the bioactivity of CS. Reports have been made that the addition of mesoporous nanoparticles onto scaffolds could enhance the bone regenerative capabilities of scaffolds. For this study, the main objective was to reuse gelatin from fish wastes and use it to combine with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and Sr-doped CS scaffolds to create a novel BMP-2-loaded, hydrogel-based mesoporous SrCS scaffold (FGSrB) and to evaluate for its composition and mechanical strength. From this study, it was shown that such a novel scaffold could be fabricated without affecting the structural properties of FGSr. In addition, it was proven that FGSrB could be used for drug delivery to allow stable localized drug release. Such modifications were found to enhance cellular proliferation, thus leading to enhanced secretion of alkaline phosphatase and calcium. The above results showed that such a modification could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering research.
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Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Recycled Fish Gelatin/Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate 3D Scaffolds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-encapsulated bioscaffold is a promising and novel method to allow fabrication of live functional organs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, traditional fabrication methods of 3D scaffolds and cell-laden hydrogels still face many difficulties and challenges. This study uses a newer 3D fabrication technique and the concept of recycling of an unutilized resource to fabricate a novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this study, fish-extracted gelatin was incorporated with bioactive ceramic for bone tissue engineering, and with this we successfully fabricated a novel fish gelatin methacrylate (FG) polymer hydrogel mixed with strontium-doped calcium silicate powder (FGSr) 3D scaffold via photo-crosslinking. Our results indicated that the tensile strength of FGSr was almost 2.5-fold higher as compared to FG thus making it a better candidate for future clinical applications. The in-vitro assays illustrated that the FGSr scaffolds showed good biocompatibility with human Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC), as well as enhancing the osteogenesis differentiation of WJMSC. The WJMSC-laden FGSr 3D scaffolds expressed a higher degree of alkaline phosphatase activity than those on cell-laden FG 3D scaffolds and this result was further proven with the subsequent calcium deposition results. Therefore, these results showed that 3D-printed cell-laden FGSr scaffolds had enhanced mechanical property and osteogenic-related behavior that made for a more suitable candidate for future clinical applications.
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