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McCorry MC, Reardon KF, Black M, Williams C, Babakhanova G, Halpern JM, Sarkar S, Swami NS, Mirica KA, Boermeester S, Underhill A. Sensor technologies for quality control in engineered tissue manufacturing. Biofabrication 2022; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/ac94a1. [PMID: 36150372 PMCID: PMC10283157 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac94a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of engineered cells, tissues, and organs has the opportunity to change the way injuries and diseases are treated. Commercialization of these groundbreaking technologies has been limited in part by the complex and costly nature of their manufacture. Process-related variability and even small changes in the manufacturing process of a living product will impact its quality. Without real-time integrated detection, the magnitude and mechanism of that impact are largely unknown. Real-time and non-destructive sensor technologies are key for in-process insight and ensuring a consistent product throughout commercial scale-up and/or scale-out. The application of a measurement technology into a manufacturing process requires cell and tissue developers to understand the best way to apply a sensor to their process, and for sensor manufacturers to understand the design requirements and end-user needs. Furthermore, sensors to monitor component cells' health and phenotype need to be compatible with novel integrated and automated manufacturing equipment. This review summarizes commercially relevant sensor technologies that can detect meaningful quality attributes during the manufacturing of regenerative medicine products, the gaps within each technology, and sensor considerations for manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Clare McCorry
- Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute, Manchester, NH 03101, United States of America
| | - Kenneth F Reardon
- Chemical and Biological Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States of America
| | - Marcie Black
- Advanced Silicon Group, Lowell, MA 01854, United States of America
| | - Chrysanthi Williams
- Access Biomedical Solutions, Trinity, Florida 34655, United States of America
| | - Greta Babakhanova
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M Halpern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - Sumona Sarkar
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States of America
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States of America
| | - Sarah Boermeester
- Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute, Manchester, NH 03101, United States of America
| | - Abbie Underhill
- Scientific Bioprocessing Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15238, United States of America
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Off-Gas-Based Soft Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Biomass and Metabolism in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Continuous Processes in Single-Use Bioreactors. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cell culture, especially in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research, biomass and metabolic monitoring are mandatory for various cell culture process steps to develop and, finally, control bioprocesses. As a common measure for biomass, the viable cell density (VCD) or the viable cell volume (VCV) is widely used. This study highlights, for the first time, the advantages of using VCV instead of VCD as a biomass depiction in combination with an oxygen-uptake- rate (OUR)-based soft sensor for real-time biomass estimation and process control in single-use bioreactor (SUBs) continuous processes with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We investigated a series of 14 technically similar continuous SUB processes, where the same process conditions but different expressing CHO cell lines were used, with respect to biomass growth and oxygen demand to calibrate our model. In addition, we analyzed the key metabolism of the CHO cells in SUB perfusion processes by exometabolomic approaches, highlighting the importance of cell-specific substrate and metabolite consumption and production rate qS analysis to identify distinct metabolic phases. Cell-specific rates for classical mammalian cell culture key substrates and metabolites in CHO perfusion processes showed a good correlation to qOUR, yet, unexpectedly, not for qGluc. Here, we present the soft-sensoring methodology we developed for qPyr to allow for the real-time approximation of cellular metabolism and usage for subsequent, in-depth process monitoring, characterization and optimization.
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Quaternary Alloy Quantum Dots as Fluorescence Probes for Total Acidity Detection of Paper-Based Relics. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071726. [PMID: 34209119 PMCID: PMC8308194 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the acidity of paper-based relics was determined by an extraction method and using a pH meter. This method could not obtain the total acidity of the paper-based relics because it only detected the concentration of free protons in the aqueous soaking solution. To overcome this defect, a new method for determining the total acidity of paper-based relics has been established by using quaternary alloy quantum dots. The quantum dots, CdZnSeS, modified by p-Aminothiophenol (pATP) were prepared, and their composition and structure were characterized. The fluorescence behavior of prepared quantum dots with acidity was investigated. The following results were obtained. The fluorescence of CdZnSeS-pATP quantum dots could decrease with increases in acidity because pATP dissociated from the surfaces of the quantum dots due to protons or undissociated weak acids. Based on this feature, a method for determining the acidity of paper-based relics was constructed, and this method was used to evaluate the acidity of actual paper-based relics. Obviously, for a given paper sample, since both free protons and bound protons can be determined by this method, the acidity measured by this method is more reasonable than that by pH meter.
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Abstract
This special issue is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing [...]
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