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Ki MR, Youn S, Kim DH, Pack SP. Natural Compounds for Preventing Age-Related Diseases and Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7530. [PMID: 39062777 PMCID: PMC11276798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental elements. As time progresses, the human body experiences degenerative changes in major functions. The external and internal signs of aging manifest in various ways, including skin dryness, wrinkles, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Additionally, cancer, like aging, is a complex disease that arises from the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Circadian clock dysregulation has recently been identified as an important risk factor for aging and cancer development. Natural compounds and herbal medicines have gained significant attention for their potential in preventing age-related diseases and inhibiting cancer progression. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects as well as circadian clock regulation. This review explores age-related diseases, cancers, and the potential of specific natural compounds in targeting the key features of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Youn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (M.-R.K.); (S.Y.); (D.H.K.)
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Zhou L, Peng Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Zhang N, Liang T, Chen T, Xiao Y, Feng S, Ding C. The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Moisturizing Effects of Camellia oleifera Oil and Its Potential Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:1864. [PMID: 38675684 PMCID: PMC11055129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera oil (CO oil) extracted from C. oleifera seeds has a 2300-year consumption history in China. However, there is relatively little research regarding its non-edible uses. This study determined the physicochemical properties of CO oil extracted via direct pressing, identified its main components using GC-MS, and evaluated its antioxidant, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that CO oil's acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification values were 1.06 ± 0.031 mg/g, 0.24 ± 0.01 g/100 g, 65.14 ± 8.22 g/100 g, and 180.41 ± 5.60 mg/g, respectively. CO oil's tocopherol, polyphenol, and squalene contents were 82.21 ± 9.07 mg/kg, 181.37 ± 3.76 mg/kg, and 53.39 ± 6.58 mg/kg, respectively; its unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was 87.44%, and its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was 12.56%. CO oil also demonstrated excellent moisture retention properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and certain free radical scavenging. A highly stable CO oil emulsion with competent microbiological detection was developed using formulation optimization. Using CO oil in the emulsion significantly improved the formulation's antioxidant and moisturizing properties compared with those of the emulsion formulation that did not include CO oil. The prepared emulsion was not cytotoxic to cells and could reduce cells' NO content; therefore, it may have potential nutritional value in medicine and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yunlan Peng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhou Xu
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China;
| | - Jingyi Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ningbo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tao Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (N.Z.); (T.L.); (T.C.); (Y.X.)
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Tran THM, Wang R, Kim H, Kim YJ. The anti-inflammation and skin-moisturizing effects of Boehmeria tricuspis-mediated biosynthesized gold nanoparticles in human keratinocytes. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1258057. [PMID: 37869754 PMCID: PMC10588637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1258057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a potential technique for skin generation, which has several treatment advantages, such as decreased drug cytotoxicity and enhanced skin penetration. Boehmeria tricuspis (BT) belongs to the Urticaceae family and is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In this study, we biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (BT-AuNPs) using BT extract to explore their anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing properties in keratinocytes. Methods: Field-emission transmission electron microscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transforminfrared spectroscopy were used to examine the synthesized BT-AuNPs. qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were applied for investigating the effect of BT-AuNPs on anti-inflammation and moisturizing activity in HaCaT cells. Results: At concentrations below 200 μg/mL, BT-AuNPs had no cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes. BT-AuNPs dramatically alleviated the expression and secretion of inflammatory chemokines/cytokine, such as IL-6, IL-8, TARC, CTACK, and RANTES in keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (T + I). These anti-inflammatory properties of BT-AuNPs were regulated by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Furthermore, BT-AuNPs greatly promoted hyaluronic acid (HA) production by enhancing the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase genes (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) and suppressing the expression of hyaluronidase genes (HYAL1 and HYAL2) in HaCaT cells. Discussion: These results suggest that BT-AuNPs can be used as a promising therapeutic alternative for treating skin inflammation. Our findings provide a potential platform for the use of BT-AuNPs as candidates for treating inflammatory skin diseases and promoting skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hoa My Tran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Linsaenkart P, Ruksiriwanich W, Jantrawut P, Chittasupho C, Rachtanapun P, Jantanasakulwong K, Sommano SR, Prom-u-thai C, Jamjod S, Arjin C, Sringarm K, Barba FJ. Natural Melanogenesis Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Collagen Biosynthesis Stimulator of Phytochemicals in Rice Bran and Husk Extracts from Purple Glutinous Rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Pieisu 1 CMU) for Cosmetic Application. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:970. [PMID: 36840317 PMCID: PMC9962111 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oryza sativa L. cv. Pieisu 1 CMU (PES1CMU) has a high anthocyanin content in the colored bran and high phenolic content in the husk. Biologically active compounds in plants are available as dietary supplements and cosmetics. To expand the utilization of natural resources, PES1CMU will be a natural remedy for skin hyperpigmentation and aging. Cell-free tyrosinase inhibition and scavenging assays were used to screen all extracts, including PES1CMU-rice bran oil (RBO), PES1CMU-defatted rice bran (DFRB), and PES1CMU-husk (H). PES1CMU extracts were first examined in IBMX-stimulated B16 cells and H2O2-induced fibroblasts. The results exhibited that PES1CMU-DFRB was the most effective inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase, intracellular melanin production (fold change of 1.11 ± 0.01), and tyrosinase activity (fold change of 1.22 ± 0.10) in IBMX-stimulated B16 cells. Particularly, PES1CMU-DFRB showed a comparable whitening effect to the standard arbutin with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Moreover, PES1CMU-DFRB and PES1CMU-H demonstrated strong scavenging activities. After accelerated cell aging caused by H2O2 exposure in fibroblasts, the levels of malondialdehyde production in all PES1CMU-treated fibroblasts were comparable with those of standard l-ascorbic acid (p > 0.05). Besides, PES1CMU-DFRB and PES1CMU-H treatment significantly inhibited collagen degradation against MMP-2 compared to l-ascorbic acid-treated cells (p > 0.05). PES1CMU rice-processing wastes (DFRB and H) could become potential natural sources for dermatocosmetic constituents in skin anti-aging and whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichchapa Linsaenkart
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Chuda Chittasupho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | | | - Sansanee Jamjod
- Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Arjin
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, 46100 València, Spain
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Dhandapani S, Wang R, cheol Hwang K, Kim H, Kim YJ. Enhanced skin anti-inflammatory and moisturizing action of gold nanoparticles produced utilizing Diospyros kaki fruit extracts. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Kim H, Shin HY, Jeong EJ, Lee HD, Hwang KC, Yu KW, Lee S, Lee S. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sargassum macrocarpum Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122483. [PMID: 36552691 PMCID: PMC9774442 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are known to be the most important pathological factors for aging skin cells. Therefore, substances that protect skin cells from oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions of the skin have potential as functional ingredients for skin care. In the present study, we investigated the potential of Sargassum macrocarpum as an anti-inflammatory candidate for inflammatory skin disease. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are desirable properties in such functional materials. The total polyphenol content as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in hot-water (HES) and ethanol (EES) extracts of S. macrocarpum. The polyphenol content was higher in the HES (HES: 115.9 ± 15.3 mg GA/g, EES: 3.9 ± 0.5 mg GA/g), and the HES also had ABTS (HES: IC50 1.0 ± 0.0 mg/mL, EES: IC50 16.09 ± 0.7 mg/mL) and DPPH (HES: IC50 6.50 ± 0.3 mg/mL, EES: IC50 35.3 ± 3.1 mg/mL) radical scavenging capacities as well as FRAP activity (HES: IC50 18.8 ± 0.4 mg/mL, EES: IC50 n.d.). Compared with the EES at the equivalent concentration range (1.25-20 μg/mL), the HES exerted a more potent inhibitory activity on LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (10.3-43.1%), IL-6 (15.7-45.0%), and TNF-α (14.1-20.8%) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in addition to TNF-α and IFN-γ-facilitated IL-6 (10.9-84.1%) and IL-8 (7.7-73.2%) in HaCaT keratinocytes. These results suggested that water-soluble materials might be deeply involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in S. macrocarpum. General composition analysis indicated that the HES contains more carbohydrates and polyphenols than the EES, and the monosaccharide composition analysis suggested that fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide and β-glucan might be potent anti-inflammatory candidates in the HES. The present study presents important preliminary results and a valuable strategy for developing novel anti-skin dermatitis candidates using a hot-water extract of S. macrocarpum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Shin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Dong Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Hwang
- Venture Research Center, Rafarophe Co., Cheongju 28164, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (S.L.)
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Fecker R, Magyari-Pavel IZ, Cocan I, Alexa E, Popescu IM, Lombrea A, Bora L, Dehelean CA, Buda V, Folescu R, Danciu C. Oxidative Stability and Protective Effect of the Mixture between Helianthus annuus L. and Oenothera biennis L. Oils on 3D Tissue Models of Skin Irritation and Phototoxicity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2977. [PMID: 36365432 PMCID: PMC9655351 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability as well as to assess the protective effect of the mixture of Helianthus annuus L. (HAO) and Oenothera biennis L. (OBO) oils on 3D tissue models of skin irritation and phototoxicity. The following methods were used: GS analysis (fatty acids composition), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBA) (lipid oxidation degree of tested samples), 3D EpiDerm models (skin irritation and phototoxicity). For HAO the detected saturated fatty acids (SFA) were palmitic acid (7.179%), stearic acid (3.586%), eicosanoic (0.138%) and docosanoic acid (0.548%) The monounsaturated acids (MUFA) were palmitoleic acid (0.158%) and oleic acid (28.249%) and the polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) were linoleic acid (59.941%) and linolenic acid (0.208%). For OBO the detected SFA were myristic acid (0.325%), pentadecylic acid (0.281%), palmitic (7.2%), stearic (2.88%), and arachidic acid (0.275%). Regarding MUFA, even a lower proportion (8.196%) was observed, predominantly being oleic acid, cis form (7.175%), oleic (n10) (0.558%) and 11-eicosenoic (0.210%) acids. The higher content was found for PUFA (82.247%), the most significant proportions being linoleic acid (72.093%), arachidonic acid (9.812%) and linolenic (0.233%). Obtained data indicate a good oxidative stability and biocompatibility of the mixture on the 3D EpiDerm models with no irritant and no phototoxic effects. Oenothera biennis L. oil may be an excellent natural choice in order to delay or prevent oxidative damage of Helianthus annuus L. oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Fecker
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iuliana Maria Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Valentina Buda
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Communication in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Folescu
- Department of Balneology, Medical Recovery and Rheumatology, Family Discipline, Center for Preventive Medicine, Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
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Xu XY, Moon SK, Kim JK, Kim WJ, Kim YJ, Kim H. Structural properties and anti-dermatitis effects of flavonoids-loaded gold nanoparticles prepared by Eupatorium japonicum. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1055378. [PMID: 36386212 PMCID: PMC9659597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1055378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, green synthesis-based nanoformulations using plants or microorganisms have attracted great interest because of their several advantages. Nanotechnology-based biological macromolecules are emerging materials with potential applications in cosmetics and medications for ameliorating and treating inflammatory skin diseases (ISDs). Eupatorium japonicum (EJ), a native Korean medicinal plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, has been traditionally used to prepare prescriptions for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. EJ-based gold nanoparticles (EJ-AuNPs) were biosynthesized under optimal conditions and characterized their physicochemical properties using various microscopic and spectrometric techniques. Additionally, the effects of EJ-AuNPs on ISDs as well as their underlying mechanisms were investigated in the tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (T+I)-induced skin HaCaT keratinocytes. The MTT and live/dead cell staining assays showed that EJ-AuNP treatment was considerably safer than EJ treatment alone in HaCaT cells. Moreover, EJ-AuNP treatment effectively suppressed the production of T+I-stimulated inflammatory cytokines (RANTES, TARC, CTACK, IL-6, and IL-8) and intracellular reactive oxygen species, and such EJ-driven anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be associated with the downregulation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. The present study provides preliminary results and a valuable strategy for developing novel anti-skin dermatitis drug candidates using plant extract-based gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yue Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, And College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, And College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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Wang R, Moon SK, Kim WJ, Dhandapani S, Kim H, Kim YJ. Biologically Synthesized Rosa rugosa-Based Gold Nanoparticles Suppress Skin Inflammatory Responses via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35951-35960. [PMID: 36249362 PMCID: PMC9558598 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-applied materials and related therapeutics have gained attention for treating inflammatory skin diseases. The beach rose (Rosa rugosa), belonging to the family Rosaceae, is a perennial, deciduous woody shrub endemic to northeastern Asia. In this study, R. rugosa-based gold nanoparticles (RR-AuNPs) were biologically synthesized under optimal conditions to explore their potential as anti-inflammatory agents for treating skin inflammation. The synthesized RR-AuNPs were analyzed using field emission-transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, selected-area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The uniformly well-structured AuNPs showed near-spherical and polygonal shapes. Cell viability evaluation and optical observation results showed that the RR-AuNPs were absorbed by human keratinocytes without causing cytotoxic effects. The effects of RR-AuNPs on the skin inflammatory response were investigated in human keratinocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (T + I). The results showed that T + I-stimulated increases in inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, interleukins, and reactive oxygen species, were significantly suppressed by RR-AuNP treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The western blotting results indicated that the RR-AuNP-mediated anti-inflammatory effects were highly associated with the suppression of inflammatory signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. These results demonstrate that plant extract-based AuNPs are novel anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application to treat skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Wang
- Graduate
School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido
Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16229, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sanjeevram Dhandapani
- Graduate
School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate
School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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10
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Mi XJ, Kim JK, Lee S, Moon SK, Kim YJ, Kim H. In vitro assessment of the anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing effects of Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. On human keratinocytes and identification of its bioactive phytochemicals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115523. [PMID: 35809756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The meadowsweet family (genus Filipendula) includes about 30 species, which have been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Particularily, F. palmata (Pall.) Maxim. (Siberian meadowsweet) were traditionally and widely used as an ethnic herb in the Oroqen application. AIM OF THE STUDY Limited studies have been documented on most species, except for two main species, F. ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and F. vulgaris Moench. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and skin-moisturizing effects of 70% ethanolic extract (FPE) of F. palmata on human epidermal keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with FPE under different conditions. Quantitative real time-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting methods were used to evaluate the effect and molecular mechanism of the cells treated with FPE. The bioactive compounds in FPE, which are responsible for biological activities, was explored using mass spectrometric analysis. RESULTS FPE did not show a cytotoxic effect on the cells at concentrations below 200 μg/mL. FPE significantly suppressed the intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide of inflamed HaCaT cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ (T + I) and inflammatory chemokine genes and proteins, such as CC chemokine ligands (CCL5, CCL17, and CCL27) and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL8). These anti-inflammatory activities of FPE were mediated by the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In normal HaCaT cells, FPE significantly promoted the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) via the downregulation of hyaluronidase (HYAL1 and HYAL2) and upregulation of hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3) genes, and these effects seemed to be associated with the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated that FPE contains four flavonoids, including (+)-catechin, miquelianin, scutellarin, and quercitrin, as its major phytochemicals. Finally, we demonstrated that miquelianin and quercitrin contribute partially to the anti-inflammatory and HA-producing activity of FPE without cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that topical applications of FPE can be utilized as an alternative therapy for treating skin inflammation. Additionally, our findings serve as a reference in applying FPE as a functional ingredient to treat inflammatory skin diseases and promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyu Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero 1732, Giheung-gu, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Shin HY, Hwang KC, Mi XJ, Moon SK, Kim YJ, Kim H. Rhamnogalacturonan I-rich polysaccharide isolated from fermented persimmon fruit increases macrophage-stimulatory activity by activating MAPK and NF-κB signaling. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2846-2854. [PMID: 34741313 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a familiar and widespread fruit, cultivated worldwide. To date, physiological and chemical changes in fermented persimmon fruit and its active compounds have been rarely investigated. Moreover, comparative studies on the pharmacological activities of fermented persimmon fruit-derived compounds have not been reported. RESULTS To investigate the effect of traditional fermented foods on immunostimulatory activity, non-fermented persimmon fruit (D. kaki, DK) and fermented persimmon fruit (fermented D. kaki, FDK) were prepared and further fractionated into low- and high-molecular weight fractions. FDK exhibited significantly higher activity toward the production of macrophage-stimulatory mediators compared with that of DK, and the high-molecular weight fraction (FDK-H) isolated from FDK was shown to have more potent activity than FDK. FDK-H not only increased the expression of immunostimulatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and iNOS), but also stimulated the phosphorylation of both MAPK (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF-κB (p65 and IκB) signaling molecules underlying macrophage activation. The putative chemical characteristic of FDK-H was identified as a pectic rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I-rich polysaccharide with a high molecular weight of 304 kDa containing galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose as the major monosaccharide units. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that traditional fermentation is a useful method for increasing the macrophage-immunostimulatory activity of persimmon fruit, and the increased activity may be associated with structural modification of persimmon polysaccharides. This study may serve to identify a functional ingredient as an immunostimulatory agent, and our results may be applied to develop a new immunostimulatory product using FDK-H. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Shin
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health System, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Hwang
- Rafarophe Co, Venture Research Center, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao-Jie Mi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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12
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Evening Primrose Extracts Inhibit PDGF-BB-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Regulating Cell-Cycle-Related Proteins. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1928-1940. [PMID: 35678660 PMCID: PMC9164085 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, such as blood flow abnormalities, stroke and atherosclerosis. Evening primrose, known as Oenothera biennis, is a plant native to Korea that exerts physiological activities, such as antioxidant effects, the inhibition of lipid accumulation and the prevention of muscle atrophy. However, the function of evening primrose stem (EVP) in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and migration and the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. In this study, the effect of EVP on the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs was investigated. The results show that PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of VSMCs was inhibited by EVP at concentrations of 25, 50 or 100 μg/mL in a concentration-dependent manner, and a migration assay showed that EVP inhibited cell migration. Cell cycle analysis was performed to confirm the mechanism by which cell proliferation and migration was inhibited. The results indicate that proteins involved in the cell cycle, such as cyclin, CDK and phosphorylated Rb, were downregulated by EVP at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, thereby increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and inhibiting cell cycle progression. In the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) signaling pathway, phosphorylation of the PDGFR was inhibited by EVP at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, and PLCγ phosphorylation was also decreased. The PDGF-BB-induced effect of EVP on the proliferation of VSMCs involved the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and the reduction in the phosphorylation of MAPK proteins such as ERK, P38 and JNK. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that EVP inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration by regulating cell-cycle-related proteins.
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Abstract
The current consumer demands together with the international regulations have pushed the cosmetic industry to seek new active ingredients from natural renewable sources for manufacturing more eco-sustainability and safe products, with botanical extract being an almost unlimited source of these new actives. Essential oils (EOs) emerge as very common natural ingredients in cosmetics and toiletries as a result of both their odorous character for the design and manufacturing of fragrances and perfumes, and the many beneficial properties of their individual components (EOCs), e.g., anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and, nowadays, the cosmetic industry includes EOs or different mixtures of their individual components (EOCs), either as active ingredients or as preservatives, in various product ranges (e.g., moisturizers, lotions and cleanser in skin care cosmetics; conditioners, masks or antidandruff products in hair care products; lipsticks, or fragrances in perfumery). However, the unique chemical profile of each individual essential oil is associated with different benefits, and hence it is difficult to generalize their potential applications in cosmetics and toiletries, which often require the effort of formulators in seeking suitable mixtures of EOs or EOCs for obtaining specific benefits in the final products. This work presents an updated review of the available literature related to the most recent advances in the application of EOs and EOCs in the manufacturing of cosmetic products. Furthermore, some specific aspects related to the safety of EOs and EOCs in cosmetics will be discussed. It is expected that the information contained in this comprehensive review can be exploited by formulators in the design and optimization of cosmetic formulations containing botanical extracts.
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Dhandapani S, Xu X, Wang R, Puja AM, Kim H, Perumalsamy H, Balusamy SR, Kim YJ. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Nigella sativa and Curtobacterium proimmune K3 and evaluation of their anticancer activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112214. [PMID: 34225866 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the development of functionalized nanoparticle methodology for biomedical applications has become a major challenge. In the present study, we prepared a novel gold nanoparticle (AuNP), named Curto-Cumin AuNP (CC-AuNP), using the biosynthetic process involving Nigella sativa (black cumin) seed extract and membrane vesicles isolated from the novel probiotic strain, Curtobacterium proimmune K3. Various spectrometric and microscopic analyses were performed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. CC-AuNP exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells but not against normal cells. The toxic effects of the nanoparticles were associated with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in damaged mitochondria. Further, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic effect of CC-AuNP. Results showed that except for B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), the intracellular apoptotic signaling molecules, such as p53, Bcl-associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase 9/Caspase 3 were significantly upregulated in AGS cells. ROS production and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed in AGS cells treated with CC-AuNP. The activation of autophagy flux-related biomarkers, such as LC3b/a, Beclin-1, p62, and Caspase 8, was confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. Autophagy pathway was suppressed in CC-AuNP-treated AGS cells and could not proceed further to the mature state. This was confirmed by the evaluation of both apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways using autophagy-induced AGS cells treated with rapamycin, a well-studied autophagy activator. Overall, our results showed that CC-AuNP upregulates apoptotic signaling and suppresses the autophagy-related signaling pathway, and thus has potential as an anticancer agent. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that CC-AuNP may serve as novel therapeutic agent against gastric cancer. Furthermore, our study provides preliminary data which can be used to develop novel anticancer candidates and understand their anticancer mechanisms, and seems to be a good starting point for the development of alternative medications based on CC-AuNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevram Dhandapani
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingyue Xu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aditi Mitra Puja
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Gold Nanoparticles Prepared with Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Extract and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Can Induce Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Impairment with Inhibition of Autophagy in the Human Gastric Carcinoma Cell Line AGS. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051260. [PMID: 34064899 PMCID: PMC8150816 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanotechnology is being widely applied for anticancer strategies with few side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from natural extracts are promising candidates for cancer treatment because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. This study aimed to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PEFE) using Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) and to evaluate their anticancer activity against the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS). (2) Methods: The safety of microbial biosynthesis AuNPs (PEFE-AuNPs) was assessed by evaluating the cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs was investigated in AGS cells in terms of apoptosis and autophagy. (3) Results: PEFE-AuNPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against AGS cells but not against normal cells. The apoptosis induced by PEFE-AuNPs in AGS cells was associated with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin mediated reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of intracellular signaling apoptosis pathways. The anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs was associated with induction of apoptosis through inhibition of autophagy, downregulation of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 expression, and upregulation of p62 expression in AGS cells. (4) Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate the anticancer activity of PEFE-AuNPs against AGS cells. Our results provide a good starting point for the development of new anticancer products based on gold nanoparticles of P. emblica fruit extract.
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Ko HH, Chang YT, Kuo YH, Lin CH, Chen YF. Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040727. [PMID: 33917957 PMCID: PMC8068348 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oenothera laciniata Hill is a perennial herb traditionally used to alleviate inflammatory complications. This study investigated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities of O. laciniata. The methanolic extract (OLM) of O. laciniata and its different fractions, including ethyl acetate (OLEF), n-butanol (OLBF), and water (OLWF) fractions, were prepared. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by total phenolic content, the radical-scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•), and superoxide anion (O2−•), reducing capacity, and metal chelating ability. OLM and its fractions exhibited potent antioxidant activity in these in vitro assays, with a correlation between radical-scavenging activity and total phenolic content. OLM and its fractions inhibited the mushroom tyrosinase activity superior to the reference control, ascorbic acid. In B16-F10 melanoma cells, OLM and its fractions significantly decreased melanin production and tyrosinase activity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that OLM and its fractions inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expressions via downregulating MITF and phosphorylated CREB and differentially inducing ERK or JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, OLM and its fractions caused no significant cytotoxicity towards B16-F10 or skin fibroblast cells at concentrations used in these cellular assays. These findings demonstrated the potential of O. laciniata extracts as the ideal skin protective agent with dual antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horng-Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Tzu Chang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2765)
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Effects of a High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharides Isolated from Korean Persimmon on the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiwrinkle Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061600. [PMID: 33805791 PMCID: PMC7998197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki), a familiar and widespread fruit worldwide, is known to exhibit several physiological effects because of the presence of pharmacologically active compounds called phytochemicals. However, its high-molecular-weight compounds, particularly polysaccharides, have not been extensively studied. In this study, D. kaki extract (DK) was fractionated into low- and high-molecular-weight fractions (DK-L and DK-H, respectively) through ethanol fractionation, and their effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle activities were investigated by an in vitro system. DK-H contained significantly higher contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid, and polyphenols compared to DK and DK-L. Furthermore, DK-H exhibited significantly improved pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiwrinkle properties, compared to those of DK and DK-L, demonstrating that DK-H may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of persimmon. Sugar composition analysis and molecular characterization indicated that DK-H consisted of a galacturonic acid (GalA)-rich polysaccharide with a molecular weight of >345 kDa that mainly comprised GalA and small amounts of neutral sugar and polyphenol residues. These results suggest that the bioactive fraction DK-H is likely to be a GalA-rich pectic polysaccharide containing a small number of polyphenol residues, which may be a novel candidate in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Effect of the Oral Administration of Common Evening Primrose Sprout ( Oenothera biennis L.) Extract on Skin Function Improvement in UVB-irradiated Hairless Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030222. [PMID: 33800871 PMCID: PMC8000621 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the studies on common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) are focused on its oils (isolated from seed, root, and stem tissues). We aimed to investigate the effect of the oral administration of OBS-E on the improvement of skin function in skin-damaged hairless mice exposed to excessive ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation owing to the preliminary in vitro findings regarding the antioxidant, anti-wrinkle, and skin moisturizing activities of OBS-E. OBS-E administration for 14 weeks did not significantly affect the body weight or clinical signs. Significant reductions were observed in wrinkle parameters (area, number, length, and depth, and metalloproteinase levels) in OBS-E-administered mice compared with those in UVB-irradiated control mice. OBS-E significantly increased skin elasticity and hyaluronic acid content, but it significantly decreased transepidermal water loss. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that OBS-E significantly reduced the epidermal thickness, area of the collagen-occupied region, and number of microfolds and inflammatory and mast cells. These results demonstrate that OBS-E can effectively enhance skin functions in terms of ameliorating wrinkle formation, promoting skin-moisturization, enhancing skin barrier function, and inhibiting inflammatory reactions. The obtained results provide good starting point for the continuation in the process of developing new inner beauty products based on OBS-E.
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