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Deiana L, Avella A, Rafi AA, Mincheva R, De Winter J, Lo Re G, Córdova A. In Situ Enzymatic Polymerization of Ethylene Brassylate Mediated by Artificial Plant Cell Walls in Reactive Extrusion. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:10414-10422. [PMID: 39296488 PMCID: PMC11406489 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a solvent-free bioinspired approach for the polymerization of ethylene brassylate. Artificial plant cell walls (APCWs) with an integrated enzyme were fabricated by self-assembly, using microcrystalline cellulose as the main structural component. The resulting APCW catalysts were tested in bulk reactions and reactive extrusion, leading to high monomer conversion and a molar mass of around 4 kDa. In addition, we discovered that APCW catalyzes the formation of large ethylene brassylate macrocycles. The enzymatic stability and efficiency of the APCW were investigated by recycling the catalyst both in bulk and reactive extrusion. The obtained poly(ethylene brassylate) was applied as a biobased and biodegradable hydrophobic paper coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deiana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
| | - Angelica Avella
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2a, Gothenburg 41258, Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A Rafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
| | - Rosica Mincheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S2MOs), University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2a, Gothenburg 41258, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, Sundsvall 85179, Sweden
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de Barros DPC, Fonseca LP, Gonçalves LG, Serrano DS, Oliva A. Design and Biocompatibility of Biodegradable Poly(octamethylene suberate) Nanoparticles to Treat Skin Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:753. [PMID: 38931876 PMCID: PMC11207594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable aliphatic polyester formulations as carriers for topical drug delivery show the potential to encapsulate structurally different therapeutic compounds. Poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) nanoparticles (POS-NPs) were used as a matrix to encapsulate four therapeutic molecules used to treat skin disorders: caffeine (CF), quercetin (QR), hydrocortisone (HC), and adapalene (AD). Hydrophobicity and chemical structure of bioactive compounds (BCs) influenced the physicochemical stability of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The particle size of drug-loaded nanoparticles was between 254.9 nm for the CF-POS-NP and 1291.3 for QR-POS-NP. Particles had a negative charge from -27.6 mV (QR) to -49.2 mV (HC). Drug loading content for all BC-POS-NPs varies between 36.11 ± 1.48% (CF-POS-NP) and 66.66 ± 4.87% (AD-POS-NP), and their entrapment efficiency is relatively high (28.30 ± 1.81% and 99.95 ± 0.04%, respectively). Calorimetric analysis showed the appearance of polymorphism for AD- and HC-loaded systems and the drug's complete solubilisation into all nanoparticle formulations. FTIR and NMR spectra showed apparent drug incorporation into the polymer matrix of NPs. The encapsulation of BCs enhanced the antioxidative effect. The prepared POS nanoparticles' cytotoxicity was studied using two dermal cell lines, keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and fibroblasts (HDFn). The nanoparticle cytotoxic effect was more substantial on HaCaT cell lines. A reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) was successfully used to investigate the penetration of polymeric NPs. Based on permeation and histology studies, HC-POS-NPs and CF-POS-NPs were shown not to be suitable for dermal applications with the explored drug concentrations. AD presents a high permeation rate and no toxic impact on RHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana P. C. de Barros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidad Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.G.G.); (A.O.)
| | - Luís P. Fonseca
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís G. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidad Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.G.G.); (A.O.)
| | - Diogo S. Serrano
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidad de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Abel Oliva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidad Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (L.G.G.); (A.O.)
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Special Issue on “Biocatalysis, Enzyme and Process Engineering”. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis entails the use of enzymes, which are catalytically active proteins, to speed up reactions so that products can be obtained swiftly and accurately [...]
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Wang H, Li H, Lee CK, Mat Nanyan NS, Tay GS. Recent Advances in the Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5059. [PMID: 36501454 PMCID: PMC9740404 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyester is a kind of polymer composed of ester bond-linked polybasic acids and polyol. This type of polymer has a wide range of applications in various industries, such as automotive, furniture, coatings, packaging, and biomedical. The traditional process of synthesizing polyester mainly uses metal catalyst polymerization under high-temperature. This condition may have problems with metal residue and undesired side reactions. As an alternative, enzyme-catalyzed polymerization is evolving rapidly due to the metal-free residue, satisfactory biocompatibility, and mild reaction conditions. This article presented the reaction modes of enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization and enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation and their combinations, respectively. In addition, the article also summarized how lipase-catalyzed the polymerization of polyester, which includes (i) the distinctive features of lipase, (ii) the lipase-catalyzed polymerization and its mechanism, and (iii) the lipase stability under organic solvent and high-temperature conditions. In addition, this article also focused on the advantages and disadvantages of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis under different solvent systems, including organic solvent systems, solvent-free systems, and green solvent systems. The challenges of enzyme optimization and process equipment innovation for further industrialization of enzyme-catalyzed polyester synthesis were also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd., Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM 11800, Malaysia
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Nicolás P, Lassalle VL, Ferreira ML. Evaluation of biocatalytic pathways in the synthesis of polyesters: Towards a greener production of surgical sutures. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nicolás
- Catalysis group PLAPIQUI‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - Verónica L. Lassalle
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Applied Hybrid Nanomaterials group INQUISUR‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - María L. Ferreira
- Catalysis group PLAPIQUI‐UNS‐CONICET Bahía Blanca Argentina
- Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
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Enzymatic Poly(octamethylene suberate) Synthesis by a Two-Step Polymerization Method Based on the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new two-step enzymatic polymerization strategy for the synthesis of poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) using an immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (IMM-PBLI). The strategy overcomes the lack of enzymatic POS synthesis in solvent-free systems and increases the final polymer molecular weight. In the first step, the direct polycondensation of suberic acid and 1,8-octanediol was catalyzed by IMM-PBLI at 45 °C, leading to the production of prepolymers with molecular weights (MWs) of 2800, 3400, and 4900 g mol−1 after 8 h in miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane: tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v), respectively. In the second polymerization step, wet prepolymers were incubated at 60 or 80 °C, at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of IMM-PBLI, and without stirring. The final POS polymers showed a significant increase in MW to 5000, 5800, and 19,800 g mol−1 (previously synthesized in miniemulsion, water, or organic solvent, respectively). FTIR analysis of the final polymers confirmed the successful POS synthesis and a high degree of monomer conversion. This innovative two-step polymerization strategy opens up a new opportunity for implementing greener and more environmentally friendly processes for synthesizing biodegradable polyesters.
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Nikulin M, Švedas V. Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:2750. [PMID: 34067052 PMCID: PMC8124709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Nikulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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