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Ghose A, Nuzelu V, Gupta D, Kimoto H, Takashima S, Harlin EW, Ss S, Ueda H, Koketsu M, Rangan L, Mitra S. Micropollutants (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) remediation from wastewater through laccase derived from spent mushroom waste: Fate, toxicity, and degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121857. [PMID: 39029166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics frequently found in environmental matrices (wastewater treatment plants, hospital wastewater, industrial wastewater and surface wastewater) causes potential threat to the environment. Enzymatic treatment for degradation of antibiotics from environmental matrices is a green and sustainable approach. Focusing on this, this study aimed to degrade two frequently found fluroquinolone emergent pollutants, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin from wastewater. The trinuclear cluster of copper ions present in laccase has the ability to effectively remove organic micropollutants (OMPs). The uniqueness of this study is that it utilizes laccase enzyme extracted from spent mushroom waste (SMW) of P. florida for degradation of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin and to achieve highest degradation efficiency various parameters were tweaked such as pH (3-6), temperature (30 °C and 50 °C), and ABTS (0.05, 0.6, and 1 mM) concentration. The results showed that the most effective degradation of ciprofloxacin (86.12-75.94%) and norfloxacin (83.27-65.94%) was achieved in 3 h at pH 4.5, temperature 30 °C, and 2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 0.05 mM concentration. Nevertheless, achieving degradation at 50 °C for both antibiotics, indicates thermostability nature of laccase (P. florida). Further, the fate of transformed products obtained from laccase mediated degradation was confirmed by liquid chromatography (LC-MS). Both the antibiotics undergo decarboxylation, depiperylyzation, dealkylation and defluorination as a result of laccase-mediated bond breakage. Anti-microbial activity of the biodegraded products was monitored by residual anti-bacterial toxicity test (E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The biodegraded products were found to be non-toxic and resulted in the growth of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as determined by the agar-diffusion method. Moreover, the storage stability of laccase was determined for 28-day duration at varying pH (3-10) and temperature (4-50 °C). The maximum storage stability was obtained at pH 4.5 and temperature 30 °C. Therefore, utilizing SMW for the degradation of OMPs from wastewater not only benefits in degradation but also reuses SMW agro waste, shedding light on agro waste management. Thus, SMW is a one-pot solution for both OMPs biodegradation and circularity in the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Ghose
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - V Nuzelu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debaditya Gupta
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hiroki Kimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Division of Cooperative Research Facility, Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eka Wahyuni Harlin
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Sonu Ss
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mamoru Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medicinal Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Latha Rangan
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro and Rural Technology (SART), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Assam, 781039, India.
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Batista-Barwinski MJ, Butzke-Souza N, Radetski-Silva R, Tiegs F, Laçoli R, Venturieri GA, Miller PRM, Branco JO, Ariente-Neto R, Radetski CM. Slaughterhouse by-products composting: can microorganisms inoculum addition mitigate final compost odor emission? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2024; 59:131-141. [PMID: 38314812 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2312063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Small slaughterhouses generate biowaste, which for economic reasons, is generally destined for composting. Inoculating appropriate microorganisms can improve biodegradation efficiency and mitigate odor generation during the composting process and can give rise to composts with neutral or pleasant odors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the odor intensity reduction of compost generated with and without a formulated inoculum (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris). A set of experimental data was collected and analyzed according to the German "Verein Deutscher Ingenieure" odor protocol. The results showed that adding microorganisms was effective in reducing unpleasant odors in all three composts generated from swine, cattle, and poultry slaughterhouse by-products during both summer and winter seasons. Additionally, soil odor was predominant in composts that were inoculated in the two tested seasons (i.e., summer and winter). On the other hand, composts without inoculation had odors similar to peat for swine compost, ammonia for cattle compost, and manure for poultry compost, regardless of the season tested. Overall, composting process with appropriate inoculum can help in the correct disposal of slaughterhouse wastes by transforming organic matter into composts, which can have economic and environmental value as a soil conditioner and/or fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolli Butzke-Souza
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Ramaiana Radetski-Silva
- Curso de Mestrado em Tecnologia e Ambiente, Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Araquari, Araquari, Brazil
| | - Frankie Tiegs
- Curso de Mestrado em Tecnologia e Ambiente, Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Araquari, Araquari, Brazil
| | - Rosane Laçoli
- Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Giorgini A Venturieri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paul Richard M Miller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Joaquim O Branco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ariente-Neto
- Curso de Engenharia de Produção, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Campus Jandaia do Sul, Jandaia do Sul, Brazil
| | - Claudemir M Radetski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
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Oviedo-Ocaña ER, Abendroth C, Domínguez IC, Sánchez A, Dornack C. Life cycle assessment of biowaste and green waste composting systems: A review of applications and implementation challenges. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:350-364. [PMID: 37708800 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Composting is one of the most widely applied methods for recycling organic waste. This process has been proposed as one option that facilitates the reincorporation of materials into the production cycle. However, composting also generates environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most common approach to evaluate the environmental impacts of a process at different system stages. Nevertheless, applying LCA in composting facilities is challenging due to the extensive information required, the lack of standardization on the initial assumptions, the definition of system boundaries, and the high diversity of existing composting technologies. This paper systematically reviews LCA studies in biowaste and/or green waste composting. The study highlights the challenges that should be met in order to improving the application of LCA to evaluate the environmental impacts of this type or waste treatment strategy. The review protocol used identified 456 papers published between 2010 and 2022. After the screening, 56 papers were selected, read, and thoroughly analyzed. The results show that: i) about 68% of the studies aimed to compare composting with other solid waste management options; ii) there was a wide diversity among the impact categories considered, which predominantly included climate change and ozone depletion; iii) there was no consensus on the functional unit or the system boundaries; iv) the main gaseous emissions studied were ammonia, methane, and nitrogen oxide, which were generally determined by emission factors; v) the avoided environmental impacts associated with the end-product quality and its application as an organic amendment or soil improver were ignored. This work demonstrates the complexity of conducting credible and valid composting LCA studies and proposes seven recommendations for improving the application of this assessment methodology to analyze this waste management alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Oviedo-Ocaña
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Facultad de Ingenierías Fisicomecánicas, Grupo de Investigación en Recurso Hídrico y Saneamiento Ambiental - GPH, Carrera 27 Calle 9 Ciudad Universitaria Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - C Abendroth
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Pratzschwitzer Str. 15. 01796 Pirna, Germany; Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Lehrgebäude 4 A R2.25, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - I C Domínguez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Facultad de Ingenierías Fisicomecánicas, Grupo de Investigación en Recurso Hídrico y Saneamiento Ambiental - GPH, Carrera 27 Calle 9 Ciudad Universitaria Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - A Sánchez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Chemical Engineering, Composting Research Group, 08193, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - C Dornack
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Pratzschwitzer Str. 15. 01796 Pirna, Germany
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Ottani F, Parenti M, Santunione G, Moscatelli G, Kahn R, Pedrazzi S, Allesina G. Effects of different gasification biochar grain size on greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions in municipal aerated composting processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117257. [PMID: 36634419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work is aimed at investigating the effects derived from the application of minimum amounts of two different sized biochars, obtained through biomass gasification, on the greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from a co-composting process of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The chosen biochar-to-organic waste share is set to 3% w/w dry, and the results obtained are compared with a conventional composting process without biochar. Nine aerated static pilot-scale bins with a volume of 1.3 m3 were prototyped and run, three per thesis and three for the control. The trial lasted 63 days, following the same approach used in full-scale composting facilities. The testing period was divided into a forced aeration phase followed by a static phase. In terms of global warming potential, the use of fine biochar and coarse biochar resulted in 13 and 11 kg CO2eq ton-1 emitted respectively. These values are 36% and 45% lower than the 20 kg of CO2eq ton-1 emitted by the control theses. Specifically, the chosen minimum amounts of biochar produced a reduction of CH4 and N2O, while a significant reduction in NH3 emissions was not detected. Carbon dioxide showed a slight increase in biochar theses. This work has proven that fine and coarse gasification-derived biochars improve the bio-oxidative phenomena and reduce greenhouse gases emissions of the composters, regardless of the biochar particle size and regardless of the modest 3% w/w biochar-to-organic waste share used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ottani
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Parenti
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Giulia Santunione
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213-D, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Moscatelli
- Centro Ricerche Produzioni Animali S.p.a, (C.R.P.A. S.p.a.)Viale Timavo 43/2, Reggio Emilia, 42121, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pedrazzi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy; INTERMECH, Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari",University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Giulio Allesina
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy; INTERMECH, Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari",University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10/1, Modena, 41125, Italy
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5
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Nordahl S, Preble CV, Kirchstetter TW, Scown CD. Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollutant Emissions from Composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2235-2247. [PMID: 36719708 PMCID: PMC9933540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Composting can divert organic waste from landfills, reduce landfill methane emissions, and recycle nutrients back to soils. However, the composting process is also a source of greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. Researchers, regulators, and policy decision-makers all rely on emissions estimates to develop local emissions inventories and weigh competing waste diversion options, yet reported emission factors are difficult to interpret and highly variable. This review explores the impacts of waste characteristics, pretreatment processes, and composting conditions on CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, and VOC emissions by critically reviewing and analyzing 388 emission factors from 46 studies. The values reported to date suggest that CH4 is the single largest contributor to 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) for yard waste composting, comprising approximately 80% of the total GWP100. For nitrogen-rich wastes including manure, mixed municipal organic waste, and wastewater treatment sludge, N2O is the largest contributor to GWP100, accounting for half to as much as 90% of the total GWP100. If waste is anaerobically digested prior to composting, N2O, NH3, and VOC emissions tend to decrease relative to composting the untreated waste. Effective pile management and aeration are key to minimizing CH4 emissions. However, forced aeration can increase NH3 emissions in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
L. Nordahl
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chelsea V. Preble
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kirchstetter
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Corinne D. Scown
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biosciences
Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint
BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Energy
& Biosciences Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Xie D, Yang M, Zhang S, Xu M, Meng J, Wu C, Wang Q, Liu S. In-situ utilization of nitrogen-rich wastewater discharged from a biotrickling filter as a moisture conditioning agent for composting: Insights into nitrogen transformation behavior and microbial mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128362. [PMID: 36423771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An NH4+-NO2--rich wastewater discharged from a composting-biotrickling filter coupled system can be reused as a composting moisture adjustment agent. To investigate the impact mechanism of reuse, NH4+-NO2--rich wastewater, NH4+-rich wastewater, NO2--rich wastewater, and distilled water were added into the composting (i.e., AMN, AAN, ANO2, and ADW groups). Results show that compost of all groups met the corresponding criteria for stabilization, humification, and non-phytotoxicity of mature compost. AMN increased organic-N and NO3--N content and reduced NH3 emissions, like AAN or ANO2, and avoid stimulating N2O emission in AAN and ANO2. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis of microorganisms revealed that AMN reduced NH3 emissions and increase organic-N content probably due to the inhibition of Alphaproteobacteria by ammonium, and increased nitrate content probably due to the stimulation of Aquamicrobium by nitrite. The avoided N2O emission is probably due to a negative synergistic effect on the stimulation from ammonia and nitrite to denitrifying bacteria (eg., Sphingobacteriaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Bacterial Communities Associated with Crude Oil Bioremediation through Composting Approaches with Indigenous Bacterial Isolate. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111712. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the efficiency of crude oil bioremediation through composting and culture-assisted composting. First, forty-eight bacteria were isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil, and the isolate with the highest crude oil degradation activity, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was selected. The bioremediation was then investigated and compared between crude oil-contaminated soil (S), the contaminated soil composted with fruit-based waste (SW), and the contaminated soil composted with the same waste with the addition of the selected bacterium (SWB). Both compost-based methods showed high efficiencies of crude oil bioremediation (78.1% and 83.84% for SW and SWB, respectively). However, only a slight difference between the treatments without and with the addition of P. aeruginosa was observed. To make a clear understanding of this point, bacterial communities throughout the 4-week bioremediation period were analyzed. It was found that the community dynamics between both composted treatments were similar, which corresponds with their similar bioremediation efficiencies. Interestingly, Pseudomonas disappeared from the system after one week, which suggests that this genus was not the key degrader or only involved in the early stage of the process. Altogether, our results elaborate that fruit-based composting is an effective approach for crude oil bioremediation.
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Xie D, Yang M, Xu M, Meng J, Wu C, Wang Q, Liu S. In-situ untilization of nitrogen-rich wastewater discharged from a biotrickling filter as a moisture conditioning agent for composting: Effect of nitrogen composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127828. [PMID: 36029980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the composting-biotrickling filter coupled system removed ammonia-based odor pollution, other pollutants (nitrogen-rich wastewater) arose. This study intended to determine the effect of in-situ disposal of different kinds of nitrogen-rich wastewater [i.e., multi-nitrogen (NH4+, NO2-, and NO3-)-rich (STL1), NO2--rich (STL2), and NO3--rich (STL3)] as a moisture adjustment agent during the composting thermophilic period on nitrogen transformation. Results indicated that nitrogen-rich wastewater addition did not impair the compost maturation, whereas raised the total nitrogen content of fertilizer by 15.8%-46.7% compared to the control group (i.e., tap water group). Moreover, adding STL1 has the potential to reduce CO2 and NH3 emissions and avoid incomplete organic nitrogen decomposition. Furthermore, nitrogen flow analysis unveiled that STL1 addition increased nitrogen content by strengthening ammonification, dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium, and high-temperature nitrification pathways. Thus, in-situ disposal of STL1 from biotrickling filters via composting is a suitable technique for coupled systems to achieve zero discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 10083, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 10191, China
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9
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Schirmeister CG, Mülhaupt R. Closing the Carbon Loop in the Circular Plastics Economy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200247. [PMID: 35635841 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, plastics are ubiquitous in everyday life, problem solvers of modern technologies, and crucial for sustainable development. Yet the surge in global demand for plastics of the growing world population has triggered a tidal wave of plastic debris in the environment. Moving from a linear to a zero-waste and carbon-neutral circular plastic economy is vital for the future of the planet. Taming the plastic waste flood requires closing the carbon loop through plastic reuse, mechanical and molecular recycling, carbon capture, and use of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. In the quest for eco-friendly products, plastics do not need to be reinvented but tuned for reuse and recycling. Their full potential must be exploited regarding energy, resource, and eco efficiency, waste prevention, circular economy, climate change mitigation, and lowering environmental pollution. Biodegradation holds promise for composting and bio-feedstock recovery, but it is neither the Holy Grail of circular plastics economy nor a panacea for plastic littering. As an alternative to mechanical downcycling, molecular recycling enables both closed-loop recovery of virgin plastics and open-loop valorization, producing hydrogen, fuels, refinery feeds, lubricants, chemicals, and carbonaceous materials. Closing the carbon loop does not create a Perpetuum Mobile and requires renewable energy to achieve sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Schirmeister
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Sustainability Center, University of Freiburg, Ecker-Str. 4, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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A Composting Bedding System for Animals as a Contribution to the Circular Economy. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
By-products from forestry, agriculture and nature areas are used in compost bedded-pack housing (CBP) systems for animals. In this communication, we discuss the application of a CBP system to animal farms and aspects related to the recycling and reuse of the materials in the context of a circular economy. This study is based on data from ongoing projects and literature. The following systems are discussed: (i) composting material applied to a specialized animal housing system; (ii) adding a horticultural component to the animal farm by reusing the compost, and (iii) a cooperative mixed cattle and crop farming system. The success of integrating a compost bedding component in the system depends largely on the skills of managing the composting process, the application of the material in the field, and the cost of acquiring the material. When materials are amply available, then a real contribution to the circular economy can be made. Cooperation between farmers in the utilization of by-products is another route to a more circular economy. Moreover, the analyzed systems can be seen as a Greenhouse Gases (GHG) mitigation practice because they store carbon in the soil and improve soil quality.
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