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Ibarra-Cantún D, Ramos-Cassellis ME, Marín-Castro MA, Castelán-Vega RDC. Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of the Solid-State Fermentation in Apple ( Pirus malus L.) and Agave Mezcalero ( Agave angustifolia H.) Bagasse. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030137. [PMID: 32824632 PMCID: PMC7560069 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is used in enzyme and antibiotic production, bioethanol and biodiesel as an alternative energy source, biosurfactants with environmental goals, and the production of organic acids and bioactive compounds. The present project determined the quantity of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained by the solid-state fermentation of apple and agave mezcalero bagasse over 28 days, inoculated with the Pleurotus ostreatus strain. The extraction was carried out with three solvents: acetone and water (80:20 v/v), 100% methanol and 100% water. The results showed a higher presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total triterpenes and antioxidant activity in the apple bagasse from the SSF on day 21 in the extract of acetone and water (80:20 v/v), 100% methanol and aqueous; while the agave bagasse showed a significant presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids only in the aqueous extract. In conclusion, the presence of secondary metabolites exhibiting antioxidant activities from the solid-state fermentation in the residues of the cider and mezcal industry is an alternative use for wasted raw material, plus, it reduces the pollution generated from the agroindustrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ibarra-Cantún
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Col. Jardines de San Manuel, Edificio IC6, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - María Elena Ramos-Cassellis
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-222-229-55-00 (ext. 7356)
| | - Marco Antonio Marín-Castro
- Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Agrícolas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301 Edificio IC1, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (M.A.M.-C.); (R.d.C.C.-V.)
| | - Rosalía del Carmen Castelán-Vega
- Departamento de Investigación en Ciencias Agrícolas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301 Edificio IC1, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (M.A.M.-C.); (R.d.C.C.-V.)
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Park C, Lee H, Hong SH, Kim JH, Park SK, Jeong JW, Kim GY, Hyun JW, Yun SJ, Kim BW, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Protective effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol against oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:298-308. [PMID: 31060395 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2019.1613425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the onset and progression of disease pathogenesis in a variety of organs, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), a phlorotannin compound, is one of the major components of the brown alga Ishige okamurae Yendo, and has been shown to have strong antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of DPHC against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured ARPE19 retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Materials and methods: Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Intracellular ROS generation was measured by flow cytometer using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. The magnitude of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using the annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. DNA damage was evaluated by DNA fragmentation assay, comet assay and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) analysis. To observe the mitochondrial membrane potential, 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide staining was performed. In order to identify the underling mechanism of DPHC against H2O2-induced cellular alteration, we performed immune blotting. Results: The results of this study showed that the decreased survival rate brought about by H2O2 could be attributed to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis accompanied by the increased production of ROS, which was remarkably reversed by DPHC. In addition, the loss of H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly attenuated in the presence of DPHC. The inhibitory effect of DPHC on H2O2-induced apoptosis was associated with a reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the protection of the activation of caspase-9 and -3 and the inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, which was associated with the blockage of cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm. Conclusions: Our data proved that DPHC protects ARPE19 cells against H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis by scavenging ROS and thus suppressing the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. Therefore, this study suggests that DPHC has the therapeutic potential to prevent AMD by inhibiting oxidative stress-induced injury in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- a Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- b Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea.,c Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- b Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea.,c Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- d Research Team, BGN CARE Co., Ltd., BGN Eye Clinic , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Seh-Kwang Park
- d Research Team, BGN CARE Co., Ltd., BGN Eye Clinic , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jeong
- d Research Team, BGN CARE Co., Ltd., BGN Eye Clinic , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- e Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- f Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- g Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- h Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- g Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- b Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea.,c Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University , Busan , Republic of Korea
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Lee YH, Sun Y, Gerweck LE, Glickman RD. Regulation of DNA Damage Response by Estrogen Receptor β-Mediated Inhibition of Breast Cancer Associated Gene 2. Biomedicines 2015; 3:182-200. [PMID: 28536406 PMCID: PMC5344223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that ubiquitin E3 ligases are involved in cancer development as their mutations correlate with genomic instability and genetic susceptibility to cancer. Despite significant findings of cancer-driving mutations in the BRCA1 gene, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers progress upon treatment with DNA damaging-cytotoxic therapies. In order to understand the underlying mechanism by which ER-positive breast cancer cells develop resistance to DNA damaging agents, we employed an estrogen receptor agonist, Erb-041, to increase the activity of ERβ and negatively regulate the expression and function of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Upon Erb-041-mediated ERα down-regulation, the transcription of an ERα downstream effector, BCA2 (Breast Cancer Associated gene 2), correspondingly decreased. The ubiquitination of chromatin-bound BCA2 was induced by ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation but suppressed by Erb-041 pretreatment, resulting in a blunted DNA damage response. Upon BCA2 silencing, DNA double-stranded breaks increased with Rad51 up-regulation and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation. Mechanistically, UV-induced BCA2 ubiquitination and chromatin binding were found to promote DNA damage response and repair via the interaction of BCA2 with ATM, γH2AX and Rad51. Taken together, this study suggests that Erb-041 potentiates BCA2 dissociation from chromatin and co-localization with Rad51, resulting in inhibition of homologous recombination repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hao Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Youping Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Leo E Gerweck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Randolph D Glickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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