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Beisel A, Jones G, Glass J, Lee TJ, Töteberg-Harms M, Estes A, Ulrich L, Bollinger K, Sharma S, Sharma A. Comparative analysis of human tear fluid and aqueous humor proteomes. Ocul Surf 2024; 33:16-22. [PMID: 38561100 PMCID: PMC11179983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Technological advancements allowing for the analysis of low-volume samples have led to the investigation of human tear fluid and aqueous humor (AH) as potential biomarker sources. However, acquiring AH samples poses significant challenges, making human tear fluid a more accessible alternative. This study aims to compare the protein compositions of these two biofluids to evaluate their suitability for biomarker discovery. METHODS Paired tear and AH samples were collected from 20 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips prior to surgery, and AH samples were collected from the anterior chamber immediately after corneal incision. Proteins were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 481 proteins were identified in greater than 50% of the tear samples, and 191 proteins were detected in greater than 50% of the AH samples. Of these proteins, 82 were found to be common between the two biofluids, with ALB, LTF, TF, LCN1, and IGKC being the most abundant. CONCLUSION Although tear fluid and the AH are functionally independent and physically separated, many of the proteins detected in AH were also detected in tears. This direct comparison of the proteomic content of tear fluid and AH may aid in further investigation of tear fluid as a source of readily accessible biomarkers for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Beisel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Titz B, Siebourg-Polster J, Bartolo F, Lavergne V, Jiang Z, Gayan J, Altay L, Enders P, Schmelzeisen C, Ippisch QT, Koss MJ, Ansari-Shahrezaei S, Garweg JG, Fauser S, Dieckmann A. Implications of Ocular Confounding Factors for Aqueous Humor Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses in Retinal Diseases. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:17. [PMID: 38913008 PMCID: PMC11205237 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.6.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the impact of ocular confounding factors on aqueous humor (AH) proteomic and metabolomic analyses for retinal disease characterization. Methods This study recruited 138 subjects (eyes): 102 with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), 18 with diabetic macular edema (DME), and 18 with cataract (control group). AH samples underwent analysis using Olink Target 96 proteomics and Metabolon's metabolomics platform Data analysis included correlation, differential abundance, and gene-set analysis. Results In total, 756 proteins and 408 metabolites were quantified in AH. Total AH protein concentration was notably higher in nAMD (3.2-fold) and DME (4.1-fold) compared to controls. Pseudophakic eyes showed higher total AH protein concentrations than phakic eyes (e.g., 1.6-fold in nAMD) and a specific protein signature indicative of matrix remodeling. Unexpectedly, pupil-dilating drugs containing phenylephrine/tropicamide increased several AH proteins, notably interleukin-6 (5.4-fold in nAMD). Correcting for these factors revealed functionally relevant protein correlation clusters and disease-relevant, differentially abundant proteins across the groups. Metabolomics analysis, for which the relevance of confounder adjustment was less apparent, suggested insufficiently controlled diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia in the DME group. Conclusions AH protein concentration, pseudophakia, and pupil dilation with phenylephrine/tropicamide are important confounding factors for AH protein analyses. When these factors are considered, AH analyses can more clearly reveal disease-relevant factors. Translational Relevance Considering AH protein concentration, lens status, and phenylephrine/tropicamide administration as confounders is crucial for accurate interpretation of AH protein data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Titz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg-Polster
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Bartolo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
- EFOR-CVO et Soladis, Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or, France
| | - Vincent Lavergne
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
- EFOR-CVO et Soladis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Gayan
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lebriz Altay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Justus Gerhard Garweg
- Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dieckmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
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Lee TJ, Goyal A, Jones G, Glass J, Doshi V, Bollinger K, Ulrich L, Ahmed S, Kodeboyina SK, Estes A, Töteberg-Harms M, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. AHP DB: a reference database of proteins in the human aqueous humor. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae001. [PMID: 38284936 PMCID: PMC10878049 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The aqueous humor (AH) is a low-viscosity biofluid that continuously circulates from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber of the eye. Recent advances in high-resolution mass-spectrometry workflows have facilitated the study of proteomic content in small-volume biofluids like AH, highlighting the potential clinical implications of the AH proteome. Nevertheless, in-depth investigations into the role of AH proteins in ocular diseases have encountered challenges due to limited accessibility to these workflows, difficulties in large-scale AH sample collection and the absence of a reference AH proteomic database. In response to these obstacles, and to promote further research on the involvement of AH proteins in ocular physiology and pathology, we have developed the web-based Aqueous Humor Proteomics Database (AHP DB). The current version of AHP DB contains proteomic data from 307 human AH samples, which were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The database offers comprehensive information on 1683 proteins identified in the AH samples. Furthermore, relevant clinical data are provided for each analyzed sample. Researchers also have the option to download these datasets individually for offline use, rendering it a valuable resource for the scientific community. Database URL: https://ahp.augusta.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Arnav Goyal
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vishal Doshi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sai Karthik Kodeboyina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Mass General Brigham, 399 Revolution Drive, Somerville, MA 02145, USA
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Vashishtha A, Maina SW, Altman J, Jones G, Lee TJ, Bollinger KE, Ulrich L, Töteberg-Harms M, Estes AJ, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Complement System Proteins in the Human Aqueous Humor and Their Association with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1400. [PMID: 37763167 PMCID: PMC10532607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study discovers the complement protein profile in the aqueous humor (AH) of human subjects and investigates its association with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) pathogenesis. Among the 32 complement proteins identified, 22 were highly abundant and detected in more than 50% of AH samples. The most predominant active complement proteins in the AH are C3, C4B, C4A, CFB, CFD, and C9. Additionally, the most prevalent complement regulators and receptors include CLU, SERPING1, F2, CFH, CFI, and VTN. Significant alterations in complement proteins were observed in individuals with POAG compared to those with cataracts. Specifically, complement protein F2 was upregulated, while C8G, C6, and CFH were downregulated in POAG samples. Stratification of the samples by race and sex revealed distinct alterations of complement proteins in patients with POAG. In the African American cohort, five complement proteins (C4A, C4B, F2, C7, and C3) were upregulated in POAG compared to cataract patients. In the Caucasian cohort, eight complement proteins (C3, SERPING1, CFI, CLU, CFHR1, C8G, C6, and CFH) were downregulated in the POAG samples compared to the cataract samples. Within the male cohort, three complement proteins (CLU, C6, and CFH) were downregulated in POAG patients compared to those with cataracts. Whereas, within the female cohort, two complement proteins (C4B and F2) were upregulated and one (C8G) downregulated in the POAG samples when compared to cataracts. Discerning these changes in the AH complement protein profile will assist in the development of tailored therapies to modulate the complement system for managing ocular disorders. These insights may also lead to novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Vashishtha
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Sharon W. Maina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Jeremy Altman
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Kathryn E. Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Marc Töteberg-Harms
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Amy J. Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.W.M.); (J.A.); (G.J.); (T.J.L.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.E.B.); (L.U.); (M.T.-H.); (A.J.E.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Mong MA. Vitamin K and the Visual System-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081948. [PMID: 37111170 PMCID: PMC10143727 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic-related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in mice. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with those with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is, therefore, the intention of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and provide some historical context for recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon in the hope of raising awareness and encouraging continued VK-related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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DNA methylation changes and increased mRNA expression of coagulation proteins, factor V and thrombomodulin in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:62. [PMID: 36773096 PMCID: PMC9922242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a disease affecting the corneal endothelium (CE), associated with a cytosine-thymine-guanine repeat expansion at the CTG18.1 locus in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. It is unknown whether CTG18.1 expansions affect global methylation including TCF4 gene in CE or whether global CE methylation changes at advanced age. Using genome-wide DNA methylation array, we investigated methylation in CE from FECD patients with CTG18.1 expansions and studied the methylation in healthy CE at different ages. The most revealing DNA methylation findings were analyzed by gene expression and protein analysis. 3488 CpGs had significantly altered methylation pattern in FECD though no substantial changes were found in TCF4. The most hypermethylated site was in a predicted promoter of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) gene, and the most hypomethylated site was in a predicted promoter of coagulation factor V (F5 for gene, FV for protein). In FECD, AQP1 mRNA expression was variable, while F5 gene expression showed a ~ 23-fold increase. FV protein was present in both healthy and affected CE. Further gene expression analysis of coagulation factors interacting with FV revealed a ~ 34-fold increase of thrombomodulin (THBD). THBD protein was detected only in CE from FECD patients. Additionally, we observed an age-dependent hypomethylation in elderly healthy CE.Thus, tissue-specific genome-wide and gene-specific methylation changes associated with altered gene expression were discovered in FECD. TCF4 pathological methylation in FECD because of CTG18.1 expansion was ruled out.
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De Maria A, Zientek KD, David LL, Wilmarth PA, Bhorade AM, Harocopos GJ, Huang AJW, Hong AR, Siegfried CJ, Tsai LM, Sheybani A, Bassnett S. Compositional Analysis of Extracellular Aggregates in the Eyes of Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:27. [PMID: 34964803 PMCID: PMC8740535 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a condition characterized by the production of insoluble fibrillar aggregates (exfoliation material; XFM) in the eye and elsewhere. Many patients with XFS progress to exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), a significant cause of global blindness. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of XFM in lens capsule specimens and in aqueous humor (AH) samples from patients with XFS, patients with XFG and unaffected individuals. Methods Pieces of lens capsule and samples of AH were obtained with consent from patients undergoing cataract surgery. Tryptic digests of capsule or AH were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and relative differences between samples were quantified using the tandem mass tag technique. The distribution of XFM on the capsular surface was visualized by SEM and super-resolution light microscopy. Results A small set of proteins was consistently upregulated in capsule samples from patients with XFS and patients with XFG, including microfibril components fibrillin-1, latent transforming growth factor-β–binding protein-2 and latent transforming growth factor-β–binding protein-3. Lysyl oxidase-like 1, a cross-linking enzyme associated with XFS in genetic studies, was an abundant XFM constituent. Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily were prominent, including LEFTY2, a protein best known for its role in establishing the embryonic body axis. Elevated levels of LEFTY2 were also detected in AH from patients with XFG, a finding confirmed subsequently by ELISA. Conclusions This analysis verified the presence of suspected XFM proteins and identified novel components. Quantitative comparisons between patient samples revealed a consistent XFM proteome characterized by strong expression of fibrillin-1, lysyl oxidase-like-1, and LEFTY2. Elevated levels of LEFTY2 in the AH of patients with XFG may serve as a biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia De Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Keith D Zientek
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anjali M Bhorade
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - George J Harocopos
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Andrew J W Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Augustine R Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Carla J Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Linda M Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Arsham Sheybani
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Patel PA, Lee TJ, Kodeboyina SK, Jones G, Bollinger K, Ulrich L, Bogorad D, Estes A, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Intra-population differences of apolipoproteins in the aqueous humor. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:128. [PMID: 34602085 PMCID: PMC8487476 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the AH's small volume, low protein concentration, and the invasive nature of sample collection. In this study, we report the use of Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to discover associations between AH apolipoproteins and race, gender, and ocular structure in patients with and without primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS AH samples were collected from 231 patients undergoing phacoemulsification or glaucoma incisional surgery at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University and subsequently analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) for each protein was used as a semi-quantitative measure of relative protein levels. Parameters related to ocular structure were determined using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography (HRT). These data sets were probed for relationships between apolipoprotein levels and POAG, demographics (gender and race), and ocular structure. RESULTS A total of ten apolipoproteins were detected in the 231 collected AH samples, with six detected in 100% of the samples, one detected in almost 57% of the samples and three detected in less than 10% of the samples. The levels of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD were higher among POAG subjects. Stratification by gender and race revealed demographic-specific variations. The levels of five apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC3, and APOD) were higher in female POAG patients, whereas no apolipoprotein levels were altered in male POAG patients. The levels of APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, and APOD were increased in glaucomatous African American patients, whereas APOE and APOH levels were decreased in glaucomatous Caucasian patients. We also found distinct associations between apolipoprotein levels and OCT and HRT parameters in patients with and without POAG. CONCLUSIONS The intra-population variation in apolipoprotein levels highlights the heterogeneity of glaucoma as a disease, suggesting the importance of personalized treatments. Gender and race-specific alterations may be associated with higher risks of POAG in females and members of the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth A Patel
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sai Karthik Kodeboyina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Mass General Brigham, 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - David Bogorad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CA4094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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9
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Mundo L, Tosi GM, Lazzi S, Pertile G, Parolini B, Neri G, Posarelli M, De Benedetto E, Bacci T, Silvestri E, Siciliano MC, Barbera S, Orlandini M, Greenwood J, Moss SE, Galvagni F. LRG1 Expression Is Elevated in the Eyes of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8879. [PMID: 34445590 PMCID: PMC8396268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich a-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a candidate therapeutic target for treating the neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD). In this study we examined the expression of LRG1 in eyes of nvAMD patients. Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) from patients who underwent submacular surgery for retinal pigment epithelium-choroid graft transplantation were collected from 5 nvAMD patients without any prior intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, and from six patients who received intravitreal anti-VEGF injections before surgery. As controls free of nvAMD, retina sections were obtained from the eyes resected from a patient with lacrimal sac tumor and from a patient with neuroblastoma. CNVMs were immunostained for CD34, LRG1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Aqueous humor samples were collected from 58 untreated-naïve nvAMD patients prior to the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF and 51 age-matched cataract control patients, and LRG1 concentration was measured by ELISA. The level of LRG1 immunostaining is frequently high in both the endothelial cells of the blood vessels, and myofibroblasts in the surrounding tissue of CNVMs of treatment-naïve nvAMD patients. Furthermore, the average concentration of LRG1 was significantly higher in the aqueous humor of nvAMD patients than in controls. These observations provide a strong experimental basis and scientific rationale for the progression of a therapeutic anti-LRG1 monoclonal antibody into clinical trials with patients with nvAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mundo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (S.L.); (M.C.S.)
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.M.T.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (E.D.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (S.L.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Grazia Pertile
- IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Neri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.M.T.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (E.D.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Matteo Posarelli
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.M.T.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (E.D.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Elena De Benedetto
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.M.T.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (E.D.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.M.T.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (E.D.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Ennio Silvestri
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.S.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Maria Chiara Siciliano
- Section of Pathology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (S.L.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Stefano Barbera
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.S.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.S.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - John Greenwood
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Stephen E. Moss
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.S.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
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10
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Li Y, Dong Y, Yang L, Tucker L, Yang B, Zong X, Hamblin MR, Zhang Q. Transcranial photobiomodulation prevents PTSD-like comorbidities in rats experiencing underwater trauma. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:270. [PMID: 33953158 PMCID: PMC8099909 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive fear memory processing after a traumatic event is a major contributor to the development of the comorbidities related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An intervention to normalize this process could be a first-line treatment to prevent PTSD development. However, little progress has been made in identifying interventions that can prevent trauma survivors from developing PTSD. A treatment that could help trauma survivors cope with traumatic memories and decrease the prevalence of PTSD is thus in high demand. This study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of early photobiomodulation (PBM) interventions to prevent PTSD-like comorbidities in animals. PTSD-like comorbidities in rats were induced by an underwater trauma (UWT) procedure, followed by multiple swimming sessions on later days for memory recall. Immediately after UWT and swimming, rats were restrained with or without PBM treatment (808 nm, 25 mW/cm2, 3 J/day). PTSD-like commodities, such as anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior, and cognitive dysfunction, were reproduced in UWT-rats. These comorbidities, however, could be prevented by early PBM interventions. By measuring the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) as neuronal activity markers, we found that PBM treatment differentially regulated Arc and c-fos expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, two PTSD-related brain regions. Additionally, PBM boosted ATP production and regulated protein expression in the hippocampus following stress. Our results demonstrate that PBM can modulate brain activity in response to traumatic and stressful events and that early PBM intervention can prevent the occurrence of PTSD-like comorbidities in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Luodan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lorelei Tucker
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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