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Yu S, Zhu Q, Yu M, Zhou C, Meng R, Bai G, Huang B, Xiao Y, Wu W, Guo Y, Zhang J, Tang W, Xu J, Liang S, Chen Z, He G, Ma W, Liu T. The association between long-term exposure to ambient formaldehyde and respiratory mortality risk: A national study in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116860. [PMID: 39126815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations are increasing worldwide, there was limited research on its health effects. OBJECTIVES To assess the association of long-term exposure to ambient HCHO with the risk of respiratory (RESP) mortality and the associated mortality burden in China. METHODS Annual and seasonal RESP death and tropospheric HCHO vertical columns data were collected in 466 counties/districts across China during 2013-2016. A difference-in-differences approach combined with a generalized linear mixed-effects regression model was employed to assess the exposure-response association between long-term ambient HCHO exposure and RESP mortality risk. Additionally, we computed the attributable fraction (AF) to gauge the proportion of RESP mortality attributable to HCHO exposure. RESULTS This analysis encompassed 560,929 RESP deaths. The annual mean ambient HCHO concentration across selected counties/districts was 8.02×1015 ± 2.22×1015 molec.cm-2 during 2013-2016. Each 1.00×1015 molec.cm-2 increase in ambient HCHO was associated with a 1.61 % increase [excess risk (ER), 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.20 %, 2.03 %] in the RESP mortality risk. The AF of RESP mortality attributable to HCHO was 12.16 % (95 %CI:9.33 %, 14.88 %), resulting in an annual average of 125,422 (95 %CI:96,404, 153,410) attributable deaths in China. Stratified analyses suggested stronger associations in individuals aged ≥65 years old (ER=1.87 %, 95 %CI:1.43 %, 2.32 %), in cold seasons (ER=1.00 %, 95 %CI:0.56 %, 1.44 %), in urban areas (ER=1.65 %, 95 %CI:1.15 %, 2.16 %), and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (ER=1.95 %, 95 %CI:1.42 %, 2.48 %). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that long-term HCHO exposure may significantly increase the risk of RESP mortality, leading to a substantial mortality burden. Targeted measures should be implemented to control ambient HCHO pollution promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qijiong Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Department of Environment and Health, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 450001, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guoxia Bai
- Institute of Non-communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Health Hazard Factors Control Department, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Yanfang Guo
- Bao'an District Hospital for Chronic Diseases Prevention and Cure, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Weiling Tang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuru Liang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Regional Atmospheric Aerosol Pollution Detection Based on LiDAR Remote Sensing. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11202339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol is one of the major factors that cause environmental pollution. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is an effective remote sensing tool for aerosol observation. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol pollution from the physical perspective, this study investigated regional atmospheric aerosol pollution through the integration of measurements, including LiDAR, satellite, and ground station observations and combined the backward trajectory tracking model. First, the horizontal distribution of atmospheric aerosol wa obtained by a whole-day working scanning micro-pulse LiDAR placed on a residential building roof. Another micro-pulse LiDAR was arranged at a distance from the scanning LiDAR to provide the vertical distribution information of aerosol. A new method combining the slope and Fernald methods was then proposed for the retrieval of the horizontal aerosol extinction coefficient. Finally, whole-day data, including the LiDAR data, the satellite remote sensing data, meteorological data, and backward trajectory tracking model, were selected to reveal the vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics of aerosol pollution and to provide some evidence of the potential pollution sources in the regional area. Results showed that the aerosol pollutants in the district on this specific day were mainly produced locally and distributed below 2.0 km. Six areas with high aerosol concentration were detected in the scanning area, showing that the aerosol pollution was mainly obtained from local life, transportation, and industrial activities. Correlation analysis with the particulate matter data of the ground air quality national control station verified the accuracy of the LiDAR detection results and revealed the effectiveness of LiDAR detection of atmospheric aerosol pollution.
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