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Hutter N, Hendricks S, Jutila A, Ricker R, von Albedyll L, Birnbaum G, Haas C. Digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface from airborne laser scanning during MOSAiC. Sci Data 2023; 10:729. [PMID: 37863900 PMCID: PMC10589245 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne laser scanners (ALS) are used to map the sea-ice surface at sub-meter resolution. We conducted 64 flights over the Arctic sea ice between September 2019 and September 2020 during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition to measure sea-ice surface elevation. The flights ranged from repeated, local-scale 5 × 5 km2 floe grid surveys to regional-scale transects more than 100 km long. We provide data at different processing levels: geolocated elevation point clouds and gridded segments of elevation and freeboard with a spatial resolution of 0.5 m. The latter product is corrected for atmospheric backscatter, sea-ice drift, and offset in elevation due to degraded INS/GNSS solutions > 85° N. For floe grid surveys, all data are combined to merged two-dimensional elevation maps. Other provided parameters include laser reflectance and echo width. The presented data offer a unique possibility to study the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and variability of the snow and sea-ice surface and their properties in addition to validating satellite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hutter
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hendricks
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Arttu Jutila
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, 00560, Finland
| | - Robert Ricker
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
| | - Luisa von Albedyll
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Gerit Birnbaum
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
| | - Christian Haas
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, 27570, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
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Coulson S, Dangendorf S, Mitrovica JX, Tamisiea ME, Pan L, Sandwell DT. A detection of the sea level fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet melt. Science 2022; 377:1550-1554. [PMID: 36173832 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid melting of ice sheets and glaciers drives a unique geometry, or fingerprint, of sea level change. However, the detection of individual fingerprints has been challenging because of sparse observations at high latitudes and the difficulty of disentangling ocean dynamic variability from the signal. We predict the fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) melt using recent ice mass loss estimates from radar altimetry data and model reconstructions of nearby glaciers and compare this prediction to an independent, altimetry-derived sea surface height trend corrected for ocean dynamic variability in the region adjacent to the ice sheet. A statistically significant correlation between the two fields (P < 0.001) provides an unambiguous observational detection of the near-field sea level fingerprint of recent GrIS melting in our warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Coulson
- Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sönke Dangendorf
- Department of River-Coastal Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jerry X Mitrovica
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Tamisiea
- Center for Space Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Linda Pan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David T Sandwell
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Satellite Altimetry: Achievements and Future Trends by a Scientometrics Analysis. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Scientometric reviews, facilitated by computational and visual analytical approaches, allow researchers to gain a thorough understanding of research trends and areas of concentration from a large number of publications. With the fast development of satellite altimetry, which has been effectively applied to a wide range of research topics, it is timely to summarize the scientific achievements of the previous 50 years and identify future trends in this field. A comprehensive overview of satellite altimetry was presented using a total of 8541 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection covering the years from 1970 to 2021. We begin by presenting the fundamental statistical results of the publications, such as the annual number of papers, study categories, countries/regions, afflictions, journals, authors, and keywords, in order to provide a comprehensive picture of satellite altimetry research. We discuss the co-occurrence of the authors in order to reveal the global collaboration network of satellite altimetry research. Finally, we utilised co-citation networks to detect the development trend and associated crucial publications for various specific topics. The findings show that satellite altimetry research has been changed immensely during the last half-century. The United States, France, China, England, and Germany made the most significant contributions in the field of satellite altimetry. The analysis reveals a clear link between technology advancements and the trend in satellite altimetry research. As a result, wide swath altimetry, GNSS-reflectometry, laser altimetry, terrestrial hydrology, and deep learning are among the most frontier study subjects. The findings of this work could guide a thorough understanding of satellite altimetry’s overall development and research front.
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Southern ocean sea level anomaly in the sea ice-covered sector from multimission satellite observations. Sci Data 2022; 9:70. [PMID: 35236858 PMCID: PMC8891355 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its central role in the global climate, the Southern Ocean circulation is still one of the least understood ocean circulation systems of the planet. One major constraint to our understanding of this region is the challenge of observing ocean circulation in the seasonally sea ice sector of the Southern Ocean. Here, we present a new Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) product, focusing on the subpolar Southern Ocean and including its sea ice covered parts from 2013 to 2019. Combining observations from multiple satellites, including Cryosat-2, Sentinel-3A, and SARAL/AltiKa, processed with state-of-the-art algorithms, allows an improvement in spatial and temporal resolution compared with previous products. Validation is made by comparing our estimate with existing SLA products, cross-comparing estimates from individual satellites in the sea ice zones, and comparing the time series of the product with a Bottom Pressure Recorder in the Drake Passage. Measurement(s) | Sea Level Anomaly | Technology Type(s) | Satellite Altimetry | Sample Characteristic - Location | Southern Ocean |
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An Overview of Requirements, Procedures and Current Advances in the Calibration/Validation of Radar Altimeters. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the radar echoes from a spaceborne altimeter gives information on sea surface height, wave height and wind speed, as well as other parameters over land and ice. The first spaceborne radar altimeter was pioneered on Skylab in 1974. Since then, there have been about 20 further missions, with several advances in the sophistication of hardware and complexity of processing with the aim of increased accuracy and precision. Because of that, the importance of regular and precise calibration and validation (“cal/val”) remains undiminished, especially with efforts to merge altimetric records from multiple missions spanning different domains and time periods. This special issue brings together 19 papers, with a focus on the recent missions (Jason-2, Jason-3, Sentinel-3A and HY-2B) as well as detailing the issues for anticipated future missions such as SWOT. This editorial provides a brief guide to the approaches and issues for cal/val of the various different derived parameters, including a synopsis of the papers in this special issue.
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The Roles of the S3MPC: Monitoring, Validation and Evolution of Sentinel-3 Altimetry Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Sentinel-3 Mission Performance Centre (S3MPC) is tasked by the European Space Agency (ESA) to monitor the health of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 satellites and ensure a high data quality to the users. This paper deals exclusively with the effort devoted to the altimeter and microwave radiometer, both components of the Surface Topography Mission (STM). The altimeters on Sentinel-3A and -3B are the first to operate in delay-Doppler or SAR mode over all Earth surfaces, which enables better spatial resolution of the signal in the along-track direction and improved noise reduction through multi-looking, whilst the radiometer is a two-channel nadir-viewing system. There are regular routine assessments of the instruments through investigation of telemetered housekeeping data, calibrations over selected sites and comparisons of geophysical retrievals with models, in situ data and other satellite systems. These are performed both to monitor the daily production, assessing the uncertainties and errors on the estimates, and also to characterize the long-term performance for climate science applications. This is critical because an undetected drift in performance could be misconstrued as a climate variation. As the data are used by the Copernicus Services (e.g., CMEMS, Global Land Monitoring Services) and by the research community over open ocean, coastal waters, sea ice, land ice, rivers and lakes, the validation activities encompass all these domains, with regular reports openly available. The S3MPC is also in charge of preparing improvements to the processing, and of the development and tuning of algorithms to improve their accuracy. This paper is thus the first refereed publication to bring together the analysis of SAR altimetry across all these different domains to highlight the benefits and existing challenges.
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