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Sorek-Hamer M, von Pohle M, Sahasrabhojanee A, Asanjan AA, Deardorff E, Suel E, Lingenfelter V, Das K, Oza N, Ezzati M, Brauer M. A Deep Learning Approach for Meter-Scale Air Quality Estimation in Urban Environments Using Very High-Spatial-Resolution Satellite Imagery. ATMOSPHERE 2022; 13:696. [PMID: 37724306 PMCID: PMC7615102 DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
High-spatial-resolution air quality (AQ) mapping is important for identifying pollution sources to facilitate local action. Some of the most populated cities in the world are not equipped with the infrastructure required to monitor AQ levels on the ground and must rely on other sources, like satellite derived estimates, to monitor AQ. Current satellite-data-based models provide AQ mapping on a kilometer scale at best. In this study we focus on producing hundred-meter-scale AQ maps for urban environments in developed cities. We examined the feasibility of an image-based object-detection analysis approach using very high-spatial-resolution (2.5 m) commercial satellite imagery. We fed the satellite imagery to a deep neural network (DNN) to learn the association between visual urban features and air pollutants. The developed model, which solely uses satellite imagery, was tested and evaluated using both ground monitoring observations and land-use regression modeled PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations over London, Vancouver (BC), Los Angeles, and New York City. The results demonstrate a low error with a total RMSE < 2 µg/m3 and highlight the contribution of specific urban features, such as green areas and roads, to continuous hundred-meter-scale AQ estimation. This approach offers promise for scaling to global applications in developed and developing urban environments. Further analysis on domain transferability will enable application of a parsimonious model based merely on satellite images to create hundred-meter-scale AQ maps in developing cities, where current and historical ground data is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytar Sorek-Hamer
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Michael von Pohle
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Adwait Sahasrabhojanee
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Ata Akbari Asanjan
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Emily Deardorff
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | | | - Violet Lingenfelter
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Kamalika Das
- Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
| | - Nikunj Oza
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
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Comparison of PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea Estimated from the Various Ground-Based and Satellite AOD. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on multiple linear regression (MLR) models, we estimated the PM2.5 at Seoul using a number of aerosol optical depth (AOD) values obtained from ground-based and satellite remote sensing observations. To construct the MLR model, we consider various parameters related to the ambient meteorology and air quality. In general, all AOD values resulted in the high quality of PM2.5 estimation through the MLR method: mostly correlation coefficients >~0.8. Among various polar-orbit satellite AODs, AOD values from the MODIS measurement contribute to better PM2.5 estimation. We also found that the quality of estimated PM2.5 shows some seasonal variation; the estimated PM2.5 values consistently have the highest correlation with in situ PM2.5 in autumn, but are not well established in winter, probably due to the difficulty of AOD retrieval in the winter condition. MLR modeling using spectral AOD values from the ground-based measurements revealed that the accuracy of PM2.5 estimation does not depend on the selected wavelength. Although all AOD values used in this study resulted in a reasonable accuracy range of PM2.5 estimation, our analyses of the difference in estimated PM2.5 reveal the importance of utilizing the proper AOD for the best quality of PM2.5 estimation.
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Temporal and Spatial Autocorrelation as Determinants of Regional AOD-PM2.5 Model Performance in the Middle East. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution has been shown in numerous studies to be associated with detrimental health effects. However, the ability to conduct epidemiological assessments can be limited due to challenges in generating reliable PM2.5 estimates, particularly in parts of the world such as the Middle East where measurements are scarce and extreme meteorological events such as sandstorms are frequent. In order to supplement exposure modeling efforts under such conditions, satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) has proven to be useful due to its global coverage. By using AODs from the Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) of the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) combined with meteorological and assimilated aerosol information from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), we constructed machine learning models to predict PM2.5 in the area surrounding the Persian Gulf, including Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E). Our models showed regional differences in predictive performance, with better results in the U.A.E. (median test R2 = 0.66) than Kuwait (median test R2 = 0.51). Variable importance also differed by region, where satellite-retrieved AOD variables were more important for predicting PM2.5 in Kuwait than in the U.A.E. Divergent trends in the temporal and spatial autocorrelations of PM2.5 and AOD in the two regions offered possible explanations for differences in predictive performance and variable importance. In a test of model transferability, we found that models trained in one region and applied to another did not predict PM2.5 well, even if the transferred model had better performance. Overall the results of our study suggest that models developed over large geographic areas could generate PM2.5 estimates with greater uncertainty than could be obtained by taking a regional modeling approach. Furthermore, development of methods to better incorporate spatial and temporal autocorrelations in machine learning models warrants further examination.
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Xu Q, Chen X, Yang S, Tang L, Dong J. Spatiotemporal relationship between Himawari-8 hourly columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level PM 2.5 mass concentration in mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144241. [PMID: 33385809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Himawari-8 aerosol products have been widely used to estimate the near-surface hourly PM2.5 concentrations due to the high temporal resolution. However, most studies focus on the evaluation model. As the foundation of the estimation, the relationship between near-surface PM2.5 and columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we investigate the relationship between PM2.5 and advanced Himawari imager (AHI) AOD for 2016-2018 across mainland China on different spatial and temporal scales and the factors affecting the association. We calculated the Pearson correlation coefficients and the PM2.5/AOD ratio as the analysis indicators in 345 cities and 14 urban agglomerations based on the collocations of PM2.5 and AHI AOD. From 9:00 to 17:00 local time, the PM2.5-AOD correlation become significantly stronger while The PM2.5/AOD ratio markedly decrease in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Chengyu regions. The strongest correlation is between 12:00 and 14:00 LT (at noon) and between 13:00 and 17:00 LT (afternoon), respectively. The ratio in a day shows an obvious unimodal mode, and the peak occurred at around 10:00 or 11:00 LT, especially in autumn and winter. There is a pronounced variation of the PM2.5-AOD relationship in a week during the winter. Moreover, there are the strongest correlation and the largest ratio for most urban agglomerations during the winter. We also find that PM2.5 and AOD are not always correlated under different meteorological conditions and precursor concentrations. Furthermore, for the scattering-dominated fine-mode aerosol, there is a high correlation and a low ratio between PM2.5 and AOD. The correlation between PM2.5 and AHI AOD significantly increases with increasing the number of AOD retrievals on a day. The findings will provide meaningful information and important implications for satellite retrieval of hourly PM2.5 concentration and its exposure estimation in China, especially in some urban agglomerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Shangbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Linling Tang
- The School of Geography and Environment and Key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jiadan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Sorek-Hamer M, Chatfield R, Liu Y. Review: Strategies for using satellite-based products in modeling PM 2.5 and short-term pollution episodes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106057. [PMID: 32889481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term air pollution episodes motivate improved understanding of the association between air pollution and acute morbidity and mortality episodes, and triggers required mitigation plans. A variety of methods have been employed to estimate exposure to air pollution episodes, including GIS-based dispersion models, interpolation between sparse monitoring sites, land-use regression models, optimization models, line- or area-dispersion plume models, and models using information from imaging satellites, often including land-use and meteorological variables. There has been increasing use of satellite-borne aerosol products for assessing short-term air quality events. They provide better spatial coverage, but currently at the price of low temporal coverage and rather crude spatial resolution. This is a brief review on using satellite data for modeling short-term air quality and pollution events. The review can be pursued as a practical guide for modeling air quality with satellite-based products, as it includes important questions that should be considered in both the study design as well as the model development stages. Progress in this field is detailed and includes published models and their use in environmental and health studies. Both current and future satellite-borne capabilities are covered. It also provides links to access and download relevant datasets and some example R code for data processing and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meytar Sorek-Hamer
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Mountain View, CA, United States.
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
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