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Chen K, Hamilton C, Ries B, Lum M, Mayorga R, Tian L, Bahreini R, Zhang H, Lin YH. Relative Humidity Modulates the Physicochemical Processing of Secondary Brown Carbon Formation from Nighttime Oxidation of Furan and Pyrrole. ACS ES&T AIR 2024; 1:426-437. [PMID: 38751608 PMCID: PMC11091849 DOI: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Light-absorbing secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), also known as secondary brown carbon (BrC), are major components of wildfire smoke that can have a significant impact on the climate system; however, how environmental factors such as relative humidity (RH) influence their formation is not fully understood, especially for heterocyclic precursors. We conducted chamber experiments to investigate secondary BrC formation from the nighttime oxidation of furan and pyrrole, two primary heterocyclic precursors in wildfires, in the presence of pre-existing particles at RH < 20% and ∼ 50%. Our findings revealed that increasing RH significantly affected the size distribution dynamics of both SOAs, with pyrrole SOA showing a stronger potential to generate ultrafine particles via intensive nucleation processes. Higher RH led to increased mass fractions of oxygenated compounds in both SOAs, suggesting enhanced gas-phase and/or multiphase oxidation under humid conditions. Moreover, higher RH reduced the mass absorption coefficients of both BrC, contrasting with those from homocyclic precursors, due to the formation of non-absorbing high-molecular-weight oxygenated compounds and the decreasing mass fractions of molecular chromophores. Overall, our findings demonstrate the unique RH dependence of secondary BrC formation from heterocyclic precursors, which may critically modulate the radiative effects of wildfire smoke on climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Chen
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Caitlin Hamilton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bradley Ries
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael Lum
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Raphael Mayorga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Linhui Tian
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Roya Bahreini
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ying-Hsuan Lin
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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2
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Using Multi-Platform Satellite Observations to Study the Atmospheric Evolution of Brown Carbon in Siberian Biomass Burning Plumes. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A bulk of evidence from in situ observations and lab experiments suggests that brown carbon (light-absorbing organic compounds in particles) can provide a significant yet highly variable contribution to the overall light absorption by aerosol particles from biomass burning (BB). Partly stemming from the complexity of the atmospheric evolution of organic aerosol (OA), the variability in brown carbon (BrC) absorption makes it difficult to partition the radiative effects of BrC and black carbon (BC) in atmospheric and climate models; as such, there are calls for satellite-based methods that could provide a statistical characterization of BrC absorption and its evolution in different regions of the world, especially in remote BB regions, such as Siberia. This study examined the feasibility of the statistical characterization of the evolution of BrC absorption and related parameters of BB aerosol in smoke plumes from intense wildfires in Siberia through the analysis of a combination of data from three satellite instruments: OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), MISR (Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). Using a Monte Carlo method, which related the satellite retrievals of the absorption and extinction aerosol optical depths to Mie theory calculations of the optical properties of BB aerosol, we found that the BrC absorption, as well as the imaginary refractive index for the OA, decreased significantly in Siberian BB smoke plumes during about 30 h of the daylight evolution, nevertheless remaining considerable until at least 70 h of the daylight evolution. Overall, the study indicated that the analysis of multi-platform satellite observations of BB plumes can provide useful insights into the atmospheric evolution of BrC absorption and the partitioning of BrC and BC contributions to the total light absorption by BB aerosol.
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Cho C, Kim SW, Choi W, Kim MH. Significant light absorption of brown carbon during the 2020 California wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152453. [PMID: 34942247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the contribution of brown carbon (BrC) to the absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) during the August to October 2020 California wildfires in Fresno, Monterey, and the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) was investigated using Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) column measurements with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire pixel counts. There was an approximate three to five times increase in AAOD and fine-mode aerosols during intensive wildfires in August-October 2020 compared to the wildfires in the previous 18 years (2002-2019). Substantial daily variation in the contribution of BrC to AAOD was correlated with the fire pixel counts (correlation coefficients of 0.63, 0.40, and 0.57 at Fresno, Monterey, and UCSB, respectively). This variation was influenced by regional topography, atmospheric conditions, and distance from the fire. Between August and October 2020, the average contribution of BrC to AAOD at 440 nm due to wildfires was 35.3 ± 5.6, 35.1 ± 6.8, and 40.6 ± 9.5% at Fresno, Monterey, and UCSB, respectively. This was approximately twice as high as for those sites without a direct wildfire influence. The BrC contribution with direct wildfire influence over the period of January-December 2020 at Fresno, Monterey, and UCSB (32.8 ± 7.5, 31.6 ± 7.9, and 40.0 ± 3.5%, respectively) and from 2002 to 2019 (30.7 ± 8.3, 28.5 ± 4.8, and 35.7 ± 14.6%, respectively) was approximately 20% greater than other BrC sources including vehicles, fossil fuel combustion, and residential heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyoon Cho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woosuk Choi
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Hae Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Chen HH, Tang R, He D, Lee Z, Xue H, Wells M, Boss E, Chai F. Australian fire nourishes ocean phytoplankton bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150775. [PMID: 34619187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented devastating forest fire occurred in Australia from September 2019 to March 2020. Satellite observations revealed that this rare fire event in Australia destroyed a record amount of more than 202,387 km2 of forest, including 56,471 km2 in eastern Australia, which is mostly composed of evergreen forest. The released aerosols contained essential nutrients for the growth of marine phytoplankton and were transported by westerly winds over the Southern Ocean, with rainfall-induced deposition to the ocean beneath. Here, we show that a prominent oceanic bloom, indicated by the rapid growth of phytoplankton, took place in the Southern Ocean along the trajectory of fire-born aerosols in response to atmospheric deposition. Calculations of carbon released during the fire versus carbon absorbed by the oceanic phytoplankton bloom suggest that they were nearly equal. This finding illustrates the critical role of the oceans in mitigating natural and anthropogenic carbon dioxide releases to the atmosphere, which are a primary driver of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongping Lee
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston 02125, USA
| | - Huijie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mark Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono 04469, USA; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono 04469, USA
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China.
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Mardi AH, Dadashazar H, Painemal D, Shingler T, Seaman ST, Fenn MA, Hostetler CA, Sorooshian A. Biomass Burning Over the United States East Coast and Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Clouds and Air Quality. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2021; 126:e2021JD034916. [PMID: 34777928 PMCID: PMC8587641 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd034916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) aerosol events were characterized over the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) between 2005 and 2018 using a combination of ground-based observations, satellite data, and model outputs. Days with BB influence in an atmospheric column (BB days) were identified using criteria biased toward larger fire events based on anomalously high AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) and MERRA-2 black carbon (BC) column density. BB days are present year-round with more in June-August (JJA) over the northern part of the East Coast, in contrast to more frequent events in March-May (MAM) over the southeast U.S. and Bermuda. BB source regions in MAM are southern Mexico and by the Yucatan, Central America, and the southeast U.S. JJA source regions are western parts of North America. Less than half of the BB days coincide with anomalously high PM2.5 levels in the surface layer, according to data from 14 IMPROVE sites over the East Coast. Profiles of aerosol extinction suggest that BB particles can be found in the boundary layer and into the upper troposphere with the potential to interact with clouds. Higher cloud drop number concentration and lower drop effective radius are observed during BB days. In addition, lower liquid water path is found during these days, especially when BB particles are present in the boundary layer. While patterns are suggestive of cloud-BB aerosol interactions over the East Coast and the WNAO, additional studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossein Mardi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hossein Dadashazar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David Painemal
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Marta A Fenn
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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6
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Improved Algorithms for Remote Sensing-Based Aerosol Retrieval during Extreme Biomass Burning Events. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed an aerosol characterization process using satellites for severe biomass burning events. In general, these severely hazy cases are labeled as “undecided” or “hazy.” Because atmospheric aerosols are significantly affected by factors such as air quality, global climate change, local environmental risk, and human and biological health, efficient and accurate algorithms for aerosol retrieval are required for global satellite data processing. Our previous classification of aerosol types was based primarily on near-ultraviolet (UV) data, which facilitated subsequent aerosol retrieval. In this study, algorithms for aerosol classification were expanded to events with serious biomass burning aerosols (SBBAs). Once a biomass burning event is identified, the appropriate radiation simulation method can be applied to characterize the SBBAs. The second-generation global imager (SGLI) on board the Japanese mission JAXA/Global Change Observation Mission-Climate contains 19 channels, including red (674 nm) and near-infrared (869 nm) polarization channels with a high resolution of 1 km. Using the large-scale wildfires in Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2019 as an example, the complementarity between the polarization information and the nonpolarized radiance measurements from the SGLI was demonstrated to be effective in radiation simulations for biomass burning aerosol retrieval. The retrieved results were verified using NASA/AERONET ground-based measurements, and then compared against JAXA/SGLI/L2-version-1 products, and JMA/Himawari-8/AHI observations.
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Shi S, Cheng T, Gu X, Guo H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Bao F, Zuo X. Probing the dynamic characteristics of aerosol originated from South Asia biomass burning using POLDER/GRASP satellite data with relevant accessory technique design. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106097. [PMID: 32911245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of biomass burning aerosol originated from South Asia are investigated in this research using nearly 9 years of POLDER/GRASP satellite aerosol dataset. The POLDER/GRASP remote sensing data can provide global, repeatable, various, and sufficient real-world aerosol information even in the remote ocean region, which can't be offered by the ground measurement, laboratory observation or model simulation. The MODIS thermal anomalies/fire dataset and HYSPLIT backward trajectory are applied to search the aerosol originated from South Asia biomass burning. The biomass burning aerosol originated from South Asia could transport to and influence the north part of Indian Ocean (including Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea), the north part of Indo-China Peninsula, South China, and even far to the Pacific Ocean (including part of East China Sea and South China Sea). The chemical, physical and optical characteristics of biomass burning aerosol over land and over ocean show different features and evolution patterns. Such difference is caused by the different ambient environment and different mixed aerosol during the transport process (urban/industrial aerosol over land and sea salt over ocean). During the 48-hours aging process, the volume fraction of black carbon, AAOD and Angstrom Exponent decrease. Meanwhile, the aerosol sphere fraction and SSA increase. The biomass burning aerosol over land shows a more obvious evolution trend than that over ocean. The biomass burning aerosol over ocean generally have higher SSA and lower volume fraction of black carbon, aerosol sphere fraction, AAOD and Angstrom Exponent. The aerosol radiative forcing efficiency also varies between land and ocean, due to their different features of aerosol and surface properties. In general, a negative clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (cooling effect) at the TOA is observed. The aerosol cooling effect at the TOA over ocean (-82 W/m2 on average) is much stronger than that over land (-36 W/m2 on average). During the 48-hours aging process, a significant enhancement of the negative radiative forcing efficiency at the TOA is found over land. Over ocean, the enhancement of the negative radiative forcing efficiency at the TOA is weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Tianhai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Xingfa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fangwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wildfire Smoke Particle Properties and Evolution, From Space-Based Multi-Angle Imaging II: The Williams Flats Fire during the FIREX-AQ Campaign. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12223823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the spatial or temporal frequency of factors driving smoke particle evolution, such as hydration, coagulation, and oxidation, all of which impact smoke radiative forcing. In situ data from surface observation sites and aircraft field campaigns offer deep insight into the optical, chemical, and microphysical traits of biomass burning (BB) smoke aerosols, such as single scattering albedo (SSA) and size distribution, but cannot by themselves provide robust statistical characterization of both emitted and evolved particles. Data from the NASA Earth Observing System’s Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument can provide at least a partial picture of BB particle properties and their evolution downwind, once properly validated. Here we use in situ data from the joint NOAA/NASA 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment-Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) field campaign to assess the strengths and limitations of MISR-derived constraints on particle size, shape, light-absorption, and its spectral slope, as well as plume height and associated wind vectors. Based on the satellite observations, we also offer inferences about aging mechanisms effecting downwind particle evolution, such as gravitational settling, oxidation, secondary particle formation, and the combination of particle aggregation and condensational growth. This work builds upon our previous study, adding confidence to our interpretation of the remote-sensing data based on an expanded suite of in situ measurements for validation. The satellite and in situ measurements offer similar characterizations of particle property evolution as a function of smoke age for the 06 August Williams Flats Fire, and most of the key differences in particle size and absorption can be attributed to differences in sampling and changes in the plume geometry between sampling times. Whereas the aircraft data provide validation for the MISR retrievals, the satellite data offer a spatially continuous mapping of particle properties over the plume, which helps identify trends in particle property downwind evolution that are ambiguous in the sparsely sampled aircraft transects. The MISR data record is more than two decades long, offering future opportunities to study regional wildfire plume behavior statistically, where aircraft data are limited or entirely lacking.
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