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Zhang K, Chen Y, Zhao H, Lee Z, Boss E, Stachlewska I, Dionisi D, Jamet C, Girolamo PD, Malinka A, Jiang C, Wu H, Wu L, Chen F, Zhu X, Wang N, Chen C, Liu Q, Wu L, Zhou Y, Chen W, Liu D. Comprehensive, Continuous, and Vertical Measurements of Seawater Constituents with Triple-Field-of-View High-Spectral-Resolution Lidar. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0201. [PMID: 37475723 PMCID: PMC10355187 DOI: 10.34133/research.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the characteristics of seawater constituent is in great demand for studies of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry. However, existing techniques based on remote sensing or in situ samplings present various tradeoffs with regard to the diversity, synchronism, temporal-spatial resolution, and depth-resolved capacity of their data products. Here, we demonstrate a novel oceanic triple-field-of-view (FOV) high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) with an iterative retrieval approach. This technique provides, for the first time, comprehensive, continuous, and vertical measurements of seawater absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and slope of particle size distribution, which are validated by simulations and field experiments. Furthermore, it depicts valuable application potentials in the accuracy improvement of seawater classification and the continuous estimation of depth-resolved particulate organic carbon export. The triple-FOV HSRL with high performance could greatly increase the knowledge of seawater constituents and promote the understanding of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yatong Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Hongkai Zhao
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongping Lee
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,
Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences,
University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA
| | | | - Davide Dionisi
- Institute of Marine Sciences,
Italian National Research Council, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Cédric Jamet
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, CNRS, Univ. Lille, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux F-62930, France
| | - Paolo D. Girolamo
- Institute Scuola di Ingegneria,
Università della Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Aleksey Malinka
- Institute of Physics,
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Chengchong Jiang
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongda Wu
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feitong Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Nanchao Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuxiao Chen
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yudi Zhou
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weibiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Ningbo Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center,
Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
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Dual-field-of-view high-spectral-resolution lidar: Simultaneous profiling of aerosol and water cloud to study aerosol-cloud interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110756119. [PMID: 35235447 PMCID: PMC8915832 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110756119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol–cloud interaction affects the cooling of Earth’s climate, mostly by activation of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei that can increase the amount of sunlight reflected back to space. But the controlling physical processes remain uncertain in current climate models. We present a lidar-based technique as a unique remote-sensing tool without thermodynamic assumptions for simultaneously profiling diurnal aerosol and water cloud properties with high resolution. Direct lateral observations of cloud properties show that the vertical structure of low-level water clouds can be far from being perfectly adiabatic. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that, instead of an increase of liquid water path (LWP) as proposed by most general circulation models, elevated aerosol loading can cause a net decrease in LWP. Aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) is complex and difficult to be well represented in current climate models. Progress on understanding ACI processes, such as the influence of aerosols on water cloud droplet formation, is hampered by inadequate observational capability. Hitherto, high-resolution and simultaneous observations of diurnal aerosol loading and cloud microphysical properties are challenging for current remote-sensing techniques. To overcome this conundrum, we introduce the dual-field-of-view (FOV) high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) for simultaneously profiling aerosol and water cloud properties, especially water cloud microphysical properties. Continuous observations of aerosols and clouds using this instrument, verified by the Monte Carlo simulation and coincident observations of other techniques, were conducted to investigate the interactions between aerosol loading and water cloud microphysical properties. A case study over Beijing highlights the scientific potential of dual-FOV HSRL to become a significant contributor to the ACI investigations. The observed water cloud profiles identify that due to air entrainment its vertical structure is not perfectly adiabatic, as assumed by many current retrieval methods. Our ACI analysis shows increased aerosol loading led to increased droplet number concentration and decreased droplet effective radius—consistent with expectations—but had no discernible increase on liquid water path. This finding supports the hypothesis that aerosol-induced cloud water increase caused by suppressed rain formation can be canceled out by enhanced evaporation. Thus, these observations obtained from the dual-FOV HSRL constitute substantial and significant additions to understanding ACI process. This technique is expected to represent a significant step forward in characterizing ACI.
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