Explanation and Probabilistic Prediction of Hydrological Signatures with Statistical Boosting Algorithms

Time Series Features for Supporting Hydrometeorological Explorations and Predictions in Ungauged Locations Using Large Datasets

Regression-based frameworks for streamflow regionalization are built around catchment attributes that traditionally originate from catchment hydrology, flood frequency analysis and their interplay. In this work, we deviated from this traditional path by formulating and extensively investigating the first regression-based streamflow regionalization frameworks that largely emerge from general-purpose time series features for data science and, more precisely, from a large variety of such features. We focused on 28 features that included (partial) autocorrelation, entropy, temporal variation, seasonality, trend, lumpiness, stability, nonlinearity, linearity, spikiness, curvature and others. We estimated these features for daily temperature, precipitation and streamflow time series from 511 catchments and then merged them within regionalization contexts with traditional topographic, land cover, soil and geologic attributes. Precipitation and temperature features (e.g., the spectral entropy, seasonality strength and lag-1 autocorrelation of the precipitation time series, and the stability and trend strength of the temperature time series) were found to be useful predictors of many streamflow features. The same applies to traditional attributes such as the catchment mean elevation. Relationships between predictor and dependent variables were also revealed, while the spectral entropy, the seasonality strength and several autocorrelation features of the streamflow time series were found to be more regionalizable than others.

Quantile-Based Hydrological Modelling

Predictive uncertainty in hydrological modelling is quantified by using post-processing or Bayesian-based methods. The former methods are not straightforward and the latter ones are not distribution-free (i.e., assumptions on the probability distribution of the hydrological model’s output are necessary). To alleviate possible limitations related to these specific attributes, in this work we propose the calibration of the hydrological model by using the quantile loss function. By following this methodological approach, one can directly simulate pre-specified quantiles of the predictive distribution of streamflow. As a proof of concept, we apply our method in the frameworks of three hydrological models to 511 river basins in the contiguous US. We illustrate the predictive quantiles and show how an honest assessment of the predictive performance of the hydrological models can be made by using proper scoring rules. We believe that our method can help towards advancing the field of hydrological uncertainty.