Hierarchical Urban Land Mappings and Their Distribution with Physical Medium Environments Using Time Series of Land Resource Images in Beijing, China (1981–2021)

Impact of Land Transition on Landscape and Ecosystem Service Value in Northeast Region of China from 2000–2020

Drastic land pattern change has taken place in the northeast region of China, which may have a significant impact on landscape and ecosystem service. Up to now, insufficient renewal of land use patterns may limit the latest assessment of landscape transition and ecosystem service value. Meanwhile, the adaptive ecosystem service value improvement method should be established. To solve this issue, the integrated methodology of land-use change monitoring—landscape analysis—the promoted ecosystem service measurement is established. Results show that: (1) New evidence is observed that the cultivated land in Northeast China has been reduced, with 309,610.33 km2 in 2010 and 309,417.52 km2 in 2020, showing a net change area of −192.82 km2. This is the opposite of the increase of cultivated land compared to the past. (2) Shannon’s diversity index displays an upward trend, with the richer landscape types and higher fragmentation in the whole region. In addition, the contagion index reduced, with a total decrease of 1.93, indicating that the patches distribute intermittently and the agglomeration degree of these patches is weakened. (3) More precise ecosystem service value is assessed, from 2868.39 billion yuan in 2000 to 2814.06 billion yuan in 2020, and the hydrological regulation, climate regulation, and soil conservation play a dominant role in these functions in 2020. The spatial pattern of ecosystem service value is high-rank in the Northwest and Southeast, and low-rank in other directions. This study provides the new results on land change and landscape pattern and creates an improved ecosystem service value assessment method in Northeast China, to provide a more suitable ecosystem assessment application for Northeast China.