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Gan Y, Zhang Z, Liu F, Chen Z, Guo Q, Zhu Z, Ren Y. Analysis of characteristics and changes in three-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol types in Central Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172196. [PMID: 38580123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol types and characteristics have regional and seasonal characteristics mainly due spatial and temporal differences in emission sources and diffuse transport conditions. We explored regional three-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol types in Central Asia from daytime to nighttime by using long-term (2007-2021) CALIPSO lidar measurements. The three results are as follows: (1) Average aerosol optical depth (AOD) values during the 14 years were 0.44 and 0.47 during daytime and nighttime, respectively, with an overall decreasing trend, among which the AOD in spring in the southern border region and in winter in the northern border region showed high values, 0.66 and 0.31 during daytime and 0.69 and 0.33 during nighttime, respectively, and nighttime AOD values were higher than those of daytime, possibly due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of the CALIPSO during the daytime than during the nighttime. (2) The primary representative aerosol type in the Taklamakan Desert region being pure sand and dust, and more apparent winter-polluted sand and dust exist along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang in winter than in other areas. High-altitude soot mainly existed below 4 km and was primarily concentrated in northern Central Asia, with the highest values (0.016 and 0.003) in summer and winter, respectively, which may be due to different diffusion and transport conditions. (3) Dust aerosols in spring were mainly concentrated in the region of 2-6 km in the Taklamakan Desert area; pure dust particles in summer and fall lifted height diffusion and gradually moved to the northern border region; polluted dust was mainly in northern Xinjiang in fall and winter and spread to northern Central Asia; and the average top height of aerosols in the transmission process reached the top of the troposphere, and transmission height was higher than source area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gan
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; MNR Technology Innovation Center for Central Asia Geo-Information Exploitation and Utilization, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Fangqing Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zewei Chen
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qingfu Guo
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhengnan Zhu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Ge Y, Wu N, Abuduwaili J, Kulmatov R, Issanova G, Saparov G. Identifying Seasonal and Diurnal Variations and the Most Frequently Impacted Zone of Aerosols in the Aral Sea Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14144. [PMID: 36361020 PMCID: PMC9657130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the desiccation of the Aral Sea, salt-alkali dust storms have increased in frequency and the surrounding environment has deteriorated. In order to increase our understanding of the characteristics and potential impact zone of atmospheric aerosols in the Aral Sea region, we evaluated seasonal and diurnal variation of aerosols and identified the zone most frequently impacted by aerosols from the Aral Sea region using CALIPSO data and the HYSPLIT model. The results showed that polluted dust and dust were the two most commonly observed aerosol subtypes in the Aral Sea region with the two accounting for over 75% of observed aerosols. Occurrence frequencies of polluted dust, clean continental, polluted continental/smoke, and elevated smoke showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variations, while occurrence frequency of dust only showed obvious seasonal variation. Vertically, the occurrence frequencies of all aerosol subtypes except dust showed significant diurnal variation at all levels. The thickness of polluted dust layers and dust layers exhibited same seasonal and diurnal variations with a value of more than 1.0 km year-round, and the layer thickness of clean continental and polluted continental/smoke shared the same seasonal and diurnal variation features. The zone most severely impacted by aerosols from the Aral Sea region, covering an area of approximately 2 million km2, was mainly distributed in the vicinity of the Aral Sea region, including western Kazakhstan, and most of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The results provide direct support for positioning monitoring of aeolian dust deposition and human health protection in the Aral Sea region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jilili Abuduwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rashid Kulmatov
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Gulnura Issanova
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China
- Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Named after U.U.Uspanov, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Galymzhan Saparov
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China
- Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Named after U.U.Uspanov, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
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Insights into Variations and Potential Long-Range Transport of Atmospheric Aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin in Central Asia. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic shrinkage of the Aral Sea in the past decades has inevitably led to an environmental calamity. Existing knowledge on the variations and potential transport of atmospheric aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin (ASB) is limited. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study tried to identify the variations and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the ASB in recent years. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) data were used to gain new insight into the types, variation and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the ASB. The results showed five types of tropospheric aerosols and one type of stratospheric aerosol were observed over the ASB. Polluted dust and dust were the dominant subtypes through the year. Sulfate/other was the only stratospheric aerosol detected. The occurrence frequency of aerosols over the ASB showed obvious seasonal variation. Maximum occurrence frequency of dust appeared in spring (MAM) and that of polluted dust peaked in summer (JJA). The monthly occurrence frequency of dust and polluted dust exhibited unimodal distribution. Polluted dust and dust were distributed over wide ranges from 1 km to 5 km vertically. The multi-year average thickness of polluted dust and dust layers was around 1.3 km. Their potential long-range transport in different directions mainly impacts Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and eastern Iran, and may reach as far as the Caucasus region, part of China, Mongolia and Russia. Combining aerosol lidar, atmospheric climate models and geochemical methods is strongly suggested to gain clarity on the variations and long-range transport of atmospheric aerosols from the Aral Sea Basin.
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