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Pering TD, Liu EJ, Wood K, Wilkes TC, Aiuppa A, Tamburello G, Bitetto M, Richardson T, McGonigle AJS. Combined ground and aerial measurements resolve vent-specific gas fluxes from a multi-vent volcano. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3039. [PMID: 32546707 PMCID: PMC7298010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Volcanoes with multiple summit vents present a methodological challenge for determining vent-specific gas emissions. Here, using a novel approach combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, we calculate vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. Emissions from vent areas are spatially heterogeneous in composition and emission rate, with the central vent area dominating passive emissions, despite exhibiting the least explosive behaviour. Vents exhibiting Strombolian explosions emit low to negligible passive fluxes and are CO2-dominated, even during passive degassing. We propose a model for the conduit system based on contrasting rheological properties between vent areas. Our methodology has advantages for resolving contrasting outgassing dynamics given that measured bulk plume compositions are often intermediate between those of the distinct vent areas. We therefore emphasise the need for a vent-specific approach at multi-vent volcanoes and suggest that our approach could provide a transformative advance in volcano monitoring applications. Combining multiple ultraviolet cameras with synchronous aerial measurements, the authors here present vent-specific gas compositions and fluxes for Stromboli volcano. The results show that gas compositions vary between different vents, mirroring differences in eruptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Pering
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - E J Liu
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - K Wood
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - T C Wilkes
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - A Aiuppa
- DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi, 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Tamburello
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Via Donato Creti, 12, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Bitetto
- DiSTeM, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi, 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - T Richardson
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - A J S McGonigle
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,School of Geosciences, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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Abstract
Persistent non-explosive passive degassing is a common characteristic of active volcanoes. Distinct periodic components in measurable parameters of gas release have been widely identified over timescales ranging from seconds to months. The development and implementation of high temporal resolution gas measurement techniques now enables the robust quantification of high frequency processes operating on timescales comparable to those detectable in geophysical datasets. This review presents an overview of the current state of understanding regarding periodic volcanic degassing, and evaluates the methods available for detecting periodicity, e.g., autocorrelation, variations of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Periodicities in volcanic degassing from published studies were summarised and statistically analysed together with analyses of literature-derived datasets where periodicity had not previously been investigated. Finally, an overview of current knowledge on drivers of periodicity was presented and discussed in the framework of four main generating categories, including: (1) non-volcanic (e.g., atmospheric or tidally generated); (2) gas-driven, shallow conduit processes; (3) magma movement, intermediate to shallow storage zone; and (4) deep magmatic processes.
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The Difficulty of Measuring the Absorption of Scattered Sunlight by H2O and CO2 in Volcanic Plumes: A Comment on Pering et al. “A Novel and Inexpensive Method for Measuring Volcanic Plume Water Fluxes at High Temporal Resolution,” Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 146. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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