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Qazi R, Gomez AM, Castro DC, Zou Z, Sim JY, Xiong Y, Abdo J, Kim CY, Anderson A, Lohner F, Byun SH, Chul Lee B, Jang KI, Xiao J, Bruchas MR, Jeong JW. Wireless optofluidic brain probes for chronic neuropharmacology and photostimulation. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:655-669. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Choi JR, Kim SM, Ryu RH, Kim SP, Sohn JW. Implantable Neural Probes for Brain-Machine Interfaces - Current Developments and Future Prospects. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:453-471. [PMID: 30636899 PMCID: PMC6318554 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.6.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A Brain-Machine interface (BMI) allows for direct communication between the brain and machines. Neural probes for recording neural signals are among the essential components of a BMI system. In this report, we review research regarding implantable neural probes and their applications to BMIs. We first discuss conventional neural probes such as the tetrode, Utah array, Michigan probe, and electroencephalography (ECoG), following which we cover advancements in next-generation neural probes. These next-generation probes are associated with improvements in electrical properties, mechanical durability, biocompatibility, and offer a high degree of freedom in practical settings. Specifically, we focus on three key topics: (1) novel implantable neural probes that decrease the level of invasiveness without sacrificing performance, (2) multi-modal neural probes that measure both electrical and optical signals, (3) and neural probes developed using advanced materials. Because safety and precision are critical for practical applications of BMI systems, future studies should aim to enhance these properties when developing next-generation neural probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ryul Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 21711, Korea
| | - Rae-Hyung Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Sung-Phil Kim
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Sohn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 21711, Korea
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Emara MS, Pisanello M, Sileo L, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. A Wireless Head-mountable Device with Tapered Optical Fiber-coupled Laser Diode for Light Delivery in Deep Brain Regions. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:1996-2009. [PMID: 30452350 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2882146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics sets new experimental paradigms that can reveal cell type-specific contributions on the neural basis of behavior. Since most of the available systems for this purpose are based on approaches that tether animals to a set of cables, recent research activities have been focused on minimizing external factors that can alter animal movements. Current wireless optogenetic systems are based on waveguide-coupled LED and implanted LEDs. However, each configuration separately suffers from significant limitations, such as low coupling efficiency, penetration depth and invasiveness of waveguide-coupled LED, and local heat generated by implanted μLEDs. This work presents a novel wireless head-mountable stimulating system for a wide-volume light delivery. The device couples the output of a semiconductor laser diode (LD) to a tapered optical fiber (TF) on a wireless platform. The LD-TF coupling was engineered by setting up far-field analysis, which allows the full exploitation of the mode division demultiplexing properties of TFs. The output delivered light along the tapered segment is capable of stimulating structures of depths up to ~2mm. TFs are tapered to a gradual taper angle (2° to 10°) that ends with a sharp tip (~500 nm) for smooth insertion and less invasiveness. Thus, the proposed system extends the capabilities of wireless optogenetic by offering a novel solution for wide volume light delivery in deep brain regions.
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The brain during free movement - What can we learn from the animal model. Brain Res 2017; 1716:3-15. [PMID: 28893579 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Animals, just like humans, can freely move. They do so for various important reasons, such as finding food and escaping predators. Observing these behaviors can inform us about the underlying cognitive processes. In addition, while humans can convey complicated information easily through speaking, animals need to move their bodies to communicate. This has prompted many creative solutions by animal neuroscientists to enable studying the brain during movement. In this review, we first summarize how animal researchers record from the brain while an animal is moving, by describing the most common neural recording techniques in animals and how they were adapted to record during movement. We further discuss the challenge of controlling or monitoring sensory input during free movement. However, not only is free movement a necessity to reflect the outcome of certain internal cognitive processes in animals, it is also a fascinating field of research since certain crucial behavioral patterns can only be observed and studied during free movement. Therefore, in a second part of the review, we focus on some key findings in animal research that specifically address the interaction between free movement and brain activity. First, focusing on walking as a fundamental form of free movement, we discuss how important such intentional movements are for understanding processes as diverse as spatial navigation, active sensing, and complex motor planning. Second, we propose the idea of regarding free movement as the expression of a behavioral state. This view can help to understand the general influence of movement on brain function. Together, the technological advancements towards recording from the brain during movement, and the scientific questions asked about the brain engaged in movement, make animal research highly valuable to research into the human "moving brain".
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Sim JY, Haney MP, Park SI, McCall JG, Jeong JW. Microfluidic neural probes: in vivo tools for advancing neuroscience. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1406-1435. [PMID: 28349140 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic neural probes hold immense potential as in vivo tools for dissecting neural circuit function in complex nervous systems. Miniaturization, integration, and automation of drug delivery tools open up new opportunities for minimally invasive implants. These developments provide unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution in fluid delivery as well as multifunctional interrogation of neural activity using combined electrical and optical modalities. Capitalizing on these unique features, microfluidic technology will greatly advance in vivo pharmacology, electrophysiology, optogenetics, and optopharmacology. In this review, we discuss recent advances in microfluidic neural probe systems. In particular, we will highlight the materials and manufacturing processes of microfluidic probes, device configurations, peripheral devices for fluid handling and packaging, and wireless technologies that can be integrated for the control of these microfluidic probe systems. This article summarizes various microfluidic implants and discusses grand challenges and future directions for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Sim
- Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Bio-Medical IT Convergence Research Department, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea
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Mei H, Thackston KA, Bercich RA, Jefferys JG, Irazoqui PP. Cavity Resonator Wireless Power Transfer System for Freely Moving Animal Experiments. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 64:775-785. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2576469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barz F, Livi A, Lanzilotto M, Maranesi M, Bonini L, Paul O, Ruther P. Versatile, modular 3D microelectrode arrays for neuronal ensemble recordings: from design to fabrication, assembly, and functional validation in non-human primates. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:036010. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa5a90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Renal Function Replacement by Hemodialysis: Forty-Year Anniversary and a Glimpse into the Future at Hand. Int J Artif Organs 2017; 40:313-322. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
From its introduction in 1943 and until the late 1970s, hemodialysis (HD) has been a lengthy and cumbersome treatment administered by a few skilled physicians and technicians to a very limited number of terminal kidney patients. The technological innovations introduced over the years made HD a treatment administered and supervised by nursing personnel to a very large numbers of kidney patients, hopefully until recovery of kidney functions or kidney transplantation. In 2013, it is estimated that 2.250.00 kidney patients were treated worldwide, and their number is steadily increasing. Shortage of transplant kidneys and quality of current treatments has contributed to increasing the survival of HD patients. Today, it is not unusual to find patients who have been on HD for longer than twenty years. All this generated the feeling that performance of membranes and dialysis technology has reached its limit. Recently, the increasing economic burden of healthcare caused by people ageing and the increasing incidence of degenerative diseases (e.g. diabetes and cardiovascular diseases), and the economic crisis has pushed many governments and health insurances to cut resources for healthcare. The main consequence is that investments in research and development in HD have been significantly reduced. The question is whether there is indeed no need for innovation in HD. In this paper, it is discussed how the paradigm of HD has changed and what possibly are now the drivers for innovation in HD. A few ideas are proposed that could be developed by adapting existing technologies to the future needs of HD.
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Limnuson K, Narayan RK, Chiluwal A, Golanov EV, Bouton CE, Li C. A User-Configurable Headstage for Multimodality Neuromonitoring in Freely Moving Rats. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:382. [PMID: 27594826 PMCID: PMC4990626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal monitoring of brain activity, physiology, and neurochemistry is an important approach to gain insight into brain function, modulation, and pathology. With recent progress in micro- and nanotechnology, micro-nano-implants have become important catalysts in advancing brain research. However, to date, only a limited number of brain parameters have been measured simultaneously in awake animals in spite of significant recent progress in sensor technology. Here we have provided a cost and time effective approach to designing a headstage to conduct a multimodality brain monitoring in freely moving animals. To demonstrate this method, we have designed a user-configurable headstage for our micromachined multimodal neural probe. The headstage can reliably record direct-current electrocorticography (DC-ECoG), brain oxygen tension (PbrO2), cortical temperature, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) simultaneously without significant signal crosstalk or movement artifacts for 72 h. Even in a noisy environment, it can record low-level neural signals with high quality. Moreover, it can easily interface with signal conditioning circuits that have high power consumption and are difficult to miniaturize. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time where multiple physiological, biochemical, and electrophysiological cerebral variables have been simultaneously recorded from freely moving rats. We anticipate that the developed system will aid in gaining further insight into not only normal cerebral functioning but also pathophysiology of conditions such as epilepsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Limnuson
- Cushing Neuromonitoring Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Raj K Narayan
- Cushing Neuromonitoring Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineHempstead, NY, USA
| | - Amrit Chiluwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Eugene V Golanov
- Cushing Neuromonitoring Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chad E Bouton
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chunyan Li
- Cushing Neuromonitoring Laboratory, The Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineHempstead, NY, USA; Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhasset, NY, USA
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Frequency Splitting Analysis and Compensation Method for Inductive Wireless Powering of Implantable Biosensors. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16081229. [PMID: 27527174 PMCID: PMC5017394 DOI: 10.3390/s16081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inductive powering for implanted medical devices, such as implantable biosensors, is a safe and effective technique that allows power to be delivered to implants wirelessly, avoiding the use of transcutaneous wires or implanted batteries. Wireless powering is very sensitive to a number of link parameters, including coil distance, alignment, shape, and load conditions. The optimum drive frequency of an inductive link varies depending on the coil spacing and load. This paper presents an optimum frequency tracking (OFT) method, in which an inductive power link is driven at a frequency that is maintained at an optimum value to ensure that the link is working at resonance, and the output voltage is maximised. The method is shown to provide significant improvements in maintained secondary voltage and system efficiency for a range of loads when the link is overcoupled. The OFT method does not require the use of variable capacitors or inductors. When tested at frequencies around a nominal frequency of 5 MHz, the OFT method provides up to a twofold efficiency improvement compared to a fixed frequency drive. The system can be readily interfaced with passive implants or implantable biosensors, and lends itself to interfacing with designs such as distributed implanted sensor networks, where each implant is operating at a different frequency.
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Márton G, Orbán G, Kiss M, Fiáth R, Pongrácz A, Ulbert I. A Multimodal, SU-8 - Platinum - Polyimide Microelectrode Array for Chronic In Vivo Neurophysiology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145307. [PMID: 26683306 PMCID: PMC4684315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as insulator and bulk materials of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) makes the realization of flexible, biocompatible sensors possible, which are suitable for various neurophysiological experiments such as in vivo detection of local field potential changes on the surface of the neocortex or unit activities within the brain tissue. In this paper the microfabrication of a novel, all-flexible, polymer-based MEA is presented. The device consists of a three dimensional sensor configuration with an implantable depth electrode array and brain surface electrodes, allowing the recording of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals with laminar ones, simultaneously. In vivo recordings were performed in anesthetized rat brain to test the functionality of the device under both acute and chronic conditions. The ECoG electrodes recorded slow-wave thalamocortical oscillations, while the implanted component provided high quality depth recordings. The implants remained viable for detecting action potentials of individual neurons for at least 15 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Márton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, building Q2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microtechnology, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege M. út. 29–33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Ü llői út 26, H – 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Gábor Orbán
- Department of Electron Devices, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, building Q, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcell Kiss
- Department of Microtechnology, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege M. út. 29–33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Electron Devices, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, building Q, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Fiáth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, building Q2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Pongrácz
- Department of Microtechnology, Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege M. út. 29–33, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, building Q2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter utca 50/a, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
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A Low Noise Amplifier for Neural Spike Recording Interfaces. SENSORS 2015; 15:25313-35. [PMID: 26437411 PMCID: PMC4634474 DOI: 10.3390/s151025313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for neural spike recording applications. The proposed topology, based on a capacitive feedback network using a two-stage OTA, efficiently solves the triple trade-off between power, area and noise. Additionally, this work introduces a novel transistor-level synthesis methodology for LNAs tailored for the minimization of their noise efficiency factor under area and noise constraints. The proposed LNA has been implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology and occupies 0.053 mm-sq. Experimental results show that the LNA offers a noise efficiency factor of 2.16 and an input referred noise of 3.8 μVrms for 1.2 V power supply. It provides a gain of 46 dB over a nominal bandwidth of 192 Hz–7.4 kHz and consumes 1.92 μW. The performance of the proposed LNA has been validated through in vivo experiments with animal models.
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Chang CW, Chou LC, Huang PT, Wu SL, Lee SW, Chuang CT, Chen KN, Hwang W, Chen KH, Chiu CT, Tong HM, Chiou JC. A double-sided, single-chip integration scheme using through-silicon-via for neural sensing applications. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:11. [PMID: 25653056 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a new double-sided, single-chip monolithic integration scheme to integrate the CMOS circuits and MEMS structures by using through-silicon-via (TSV). Neural sensing applications were chosen as the implementation example. The proposed heterogeneous device integrates standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology, TSV and neural probe array into a compact single chip device. The neural probe array on the back-side of the chip is connected to the CMOS circuits on the front-side of the chip by using low-parasitic TSVs through the chip. Successful fabrication results and detailed characterization demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the neural probe array, TSV and readout circuitry. The fabricated device is 5 × 5 mm(2) in area, with 16 channels of 150 μm-in-length neural probe array on the back-side, 200 μm-deep TSV through the chip and CMOS circuits on the front-side. Each channel consists of a 5 × 6 probe array, 3 × 14 TSV array and a differential-difference amplifier (DDA) based analog front-end circuitry with 1.8 V supply, 21.88 μW power consumption, 108 dB CMRR and 2.56 μVrms input referred noise. In-vivo long term implantation demonstrated the feasibility of presented integration scheme after 7 and 58 days of implantation. We expect the conceptual realization can be extended for higher density recording array by using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Lee HJ, Son Y, Kim J, Lee CJ, Yoon ES, Cho IJ. A multichannel neural probe with embedded microfluidic channels for simultaneous in vivo neural recording and drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1590-7. [PMID: 25651943 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01321b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional neural probes integrated with various stimulation modalities are becoming essential tools in neuroscience to study the brain more effectively. In this paper, we present a new multi-functional neural probe that allows chemical stimulation through drug delivery and simultaneous recording of individual neuron signals through a microelectrode array. By embedding microchannels in silicon using a proposed glass reflow process, we successfully fabricated 40 μm thick silicon neural probes suitable for small animal experiments. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms that impedance of iridium microelectrodes is low enough (<1 MΩ at 1 kHz) to measure neural signals. Flow rate characterization in a 0.9% w/v agarose gel shows the capability to deliver a small volume of drugs (<1 μl) at a controlled flow rate. We demonstrate the viability and potential of this new probe by conducting in vivo experiments on mice. Because of the proposed compact structure, both action potentials of individual neurons and local field potentials (LFP) at the thalamus region of a mouse brain were successfully detected with a noise level of ~30 μVpp. Furthermore, we successfully induced absence seizure by injecting seizure-inducing drugs (baclofen) at a local target region and observed distinctive changes in neural signal patterns. Specifically, spike-wave discharge (SWD), which is an indicative signal pattern of absence seizure, was successfully recorded. These signals were also directly compared to SWD detected after inducing absence seizure through direct injection of baclofen through the abdomen. This work demonstrates the potential of our multi-functional neural probes for use in effective investigation of brain functions and disorders by using widely available mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo J Lee
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.
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Eckert MA, Vu PQ, Zhang K, Kang D, Ali MM, Xu C, Zhao W. Novel molecular and nanosensors for in vivo sensing. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:583-94. [PMID: 23946824 PMCID: PMC3741607 DOI: 10.7150/thno.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo sensors are an emerging field with the potential to revolutionize our understanding of basic biology and our treatment of disease. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the fields of in vivo electrochemical, optical, and magnetic resonance biosensors with a focus on recent developments that have been validated in rodent models or human subjects. In addition, we discuss major challenges in the development and translation of in vivo biosensors and present potential solutions to these problems. The field of nanotechnology, in particular, has recently been instrumental in driving the field of in vivo sensors forward. We conclude with a discussion of emerging paradigms and techniques for the development of future biosensors.
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Chang CW, Chiou JC. A wireless and batteryless microsystem with implantable grid electrode/3-dimensional probe array for ECoG and extracellular neural recording in rats. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:4624-39. [PMID: 23567528 PMCID: PMC3673103 DOI: 10.3390/s130404624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated wireless microsystem platform that provides the possibility to support versatile implantable neural sensing devices in free laboratory rats. Inductive coupled coils with low dropout regulator design allows true long-term recording without limitation of battery capacity. A 16-channel analog front end chip located on the headstage is designed for high channel account neural signal conditioning with low current consumption and noise. Two types of implantable electrodes including grid electrode and 3D probe array are also presented for brain surface recording and 3D biopotential acquisition in the implanted target volume of tissue. The overall system consumes less than 20 mA with small form factor, 3.9 × 3.9 cm2 mainboard and 1.8 × 3.4 cm2 headstage, is packaged into a backpack for rats. Practical in vivo recordings including auditory response, brain resection tissue and PZT-induced seizures recording demonstrate the correct function of the proposed microsystem. Presented achievements addressed the aforementioned properties by combining MEMS neural sensors, low-power circuit designs and commercial chips into system-level integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jin-Chern Chiou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta Hseuh Rd., Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
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