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Mohammadinejad A, Aleyaghoob G, Nooranian S, Dima L, Moga MA, Badea M. Development of biosensors for detection of fibrinogen: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:21-36. [PMID: 37837539 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen as a major inflammation marker and blood coagulation factor has a direct impact on the health of humanity. The variations in fibrinogen content lead to risky conditions such as bleeding and cardiovascular diseases. So, accurate methods for monitoring of this glycoprotein are of high importance. The conventional methods, such as the Clauss method, are time consuming and require highly specialized expert analysts. The development of fast, simple, easy to use, and inexpensive methods is highly desired. In this way, biosensors have gained outstanding attention since they offer means for performing analyses at the points-of-care using self-testing devices, which can be applied outside of clinical laboratories or hospital. This review indicates that different electrochemical and optical sensors have been successfully implemented for the detection of fibrinogen under normal levels of fibrinogen in plasma. The biosensors for the detection of fibrinogen have been designed based on the quartz crystal microbalance, field-effect transistor, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, amperometry, surface plasmon resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance, and colorimetric techniques. Also, this review demonstrates the utility of the application of nanoparticles in different detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
| | - Ghazaleh Aleyaghoob
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, 19395-4697, Iran
| | - Samin Nooranian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lorena Dima
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
- Centre for Applied Medicine and Intervention Strategies in Medical Practice, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania.
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute of Transilvania University of Brasov, Brașov, Romania.
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2
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Migoń D, Wasilewski T, Suchy D. Application of QCM in Peptide and Protein-Based Drug Product Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E3950. [PMID: 32872496 PMCID: PMC7504752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-cut quartz crystals vibrating in the thickness-shear mode (TSM), especially quartz crystal resonators (QCRs), are well known as very efficient mass sensitive systems because of their sensitivity, accuracy, and biofunctionalization capacity. They are highly reliable in the measurement of the mass of deposited samples, in both gas and liquid matrices. Moreover, they offer real-time monitoring, as well as relatively low production and operation costs. These features make mass sensitive systems applicable in a wide range of different applications, including studies on protein and peptide primary packaging, formulation, and drug product manufacturing process development. This review summarizes the information on some particular implementations of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) instruments in protein and peptide drug product development as well as their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Migoń
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Polpharma Biologics S.A., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Wasilewski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Suchy
- Polpharma Biologics S.A., Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland;
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3
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Monitoring the hemostasis process through the electrical characteristics of a graphene-based field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 157:112167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Mohammadi Aria M, Erten A, Yalcin O. Technology Advancements in Blood Coagulation Measurements for Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:395. [PMID: 31921804 PMCID: PMC6917661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, blood coagulation monitoring has become crucial to diagnosing causes of hemorrhages, developing anticoagulant drugs, assessing bleeding risk in extensive surgery procedures and dialysis, and investigating the efficacy of hemostatic therapies. In this regard, advanced technologies such as microfluidics, fluorescent microscopy, electrochemical sensing, photoacoustic detection, and micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) have been employed to develop highly accurate, robust, and cost-effective point of care (POC) devices. These devices measure electrochemical, optical, and mechanical parameters of clotting blood. Which can be correlated to light transmission/scattering, electrical impedance, and viscoelastic properties. In this regard, this paper discusses the working principles of blood coagulation monitoring, physical and sensing parameters in different technologies. In addition, we discussed the recent progress in developing nanomaterials for blood coagulation detection and treatments which opens up new area of controlling and monitoring of coagulation at the same time in the future. Moreover, commercial products, future trends/challenges in blood coagulation monitoring including novel anticoagulant therapies, multiplexed sensing platforms, and the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and monitoring have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
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5
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Esmeryan KD, Ganeva RR, Stamenov GS, Chaushev TA. Superhydrophobic Soot Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalances: A Novel Platform for Human Spermatozoa Quality Assessment. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19010123. [PMID: 30609704 PMCID: PMC6338977 DOI: 10.3390/s19010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The functionality of human spermatozoa is a key factor for the success rate of natural human reproduction, but unfortunately the infertility progressively increases due to multifarious environmental factors. Such disquieting statistics requires the employment of sophisticated computer-assisted methods for semen quality analysis, whose precision, however, is unreliable in cases of patients with low sperm concentrations. In this study, we report a novel quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based biosensor for in-situ quality assessment of male gametes, comprising a superhydrophobic soot coating as an interface sensing material. The soot deposition on the surface of a 5 MHz QCM eliminates the noise that normally arises upon immersion of the uncoated sensor in the test liquid environment, allowing the detection of human spermatozoa down to 1000–100,000 units/mL (1–100 ppb). Furthermore, the soot coated QCM delimitates in a highly repeatable way the immotile and motile sperm cells by inducing fundamentally distinct responses in respect to sensor sensitivity and signal trends. The obtained results reveal the strong potential of the superhydrophobic QCM for future inclusion in diverse laboratory analyses closely related to the in vitro fertilization procedures, with a final aim of gaining practical approaches for diagnoses and selection of male gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karekin D Esmeryan
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Rumiana R Ganeva
- Research Department, Nadezhda Women's Health Hospital, 3 "BlagaVest" Street, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Georgi S Stamenov
- Research Department, Nadezhda Women's Health Hospital, 3 "BlagaVest" Street, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Todor A Chaushev
- Research Department, Nadezhda Women's Health Hospital, 3 "BlagaVest" Street, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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6
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Yao J, Feng B, Zhang Z, Li C, Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhao H, Zhou L. Blood Coagulation Testing Smartphone Platform Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance Dissipation Method. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093073. [PMID: 30217015 PMCID: PMC6164724 DOI: 10.3390/s18093073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation function monitoring is important for people who are receiving anticoagulation treatment and a portable device is needed by these patients for blood coagulation self-testing. In this paper, a novel smartphone based blood coagulation test platform was proposed. It was developed based on parylene-C coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) dissipation measuring and analysis. The parylene-C coating constructed a robust and adhesive surface for fibrin capturing. The dissipation factor was obtained by measuring the frequency response of the sensor. All measured data were sent to a smartphone via Bluetooth for dissipation calculation and blood coagulation results computation. Two major coagulation indexes, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were measured on this platform compared with results by a commercial hemostasis system in a clinical laboratory. The measurement results showed that the adjusted R-square (R2) value for APTT and PT measurements were 0.985 and 0.961 respectively. The QCM dissipation method for blood coagulation measurement was reliable and effective and the platform together with the QCM dissipation method was a promising solution for point of care blood coagulation testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Heming Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
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Hussain M, Rupp F, Wendel HP, Gehring FK. Bioapplications of acoustic crystals, a review. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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QCM-D surpassing clinical standard for the dose administration of new oral anticoagulant in the patient of coagulation disorders. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 104:15-20. [PMID: 29294406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses the dose administration of dabigatran to avoid the deaths due to hemorrhagic complications and thromboembolic stroke in clinics worldwide. To target the issue, a novel emerging acoustic technology, namely ''Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation'' (QCM-D) has been applied, while the acoustic assays namely ''activated Partial Thromboplastin Time'' (aPTT) and ''Prothrombinase complex-induced Clotting Test'' (PiCT) have been compared with the standard methods in parallel. Both techniques have been applied to 300 samples, including 220 plasma samples of patients suffering coagulation disorders and 80 plasma samples of non-patients. In comparison, the coagulation times of the acoustic aPTT and PiCT yielded an excellent correlation with the standard methods with in analytical standard deviation limits. Finally, the acoustic aPTT assay is the ''gold standard'' for a dose administration of the new oral anticoagulant, where the Δf/ΔΓ ratio of the acoustic assay demonstrates that dabigatran with FEIBA 50 combination could be a safe remedy to avoid the deaths in clinics.
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Zsóri G, Terzin V, Illés D, Szijártó LA, Boda K, Czakó L. Effects of a continental climate on the prevalence and severity of acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. CLIMATE RESEARCH 2017; 73:187-194. [DOI: 10.3354/cr01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
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10
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A Practical Model of Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Actual Applications. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081785. [PMID: 28771215 PMCID: PMC5579555 DOI: 10.3390/s17081785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A practical model of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is presented, which considers both the Gaussian distribution characteristic of mass sensitivity and the influence of electrodes on the mass sensitivity. The equivalent mass sensitivity of 5 MHz and 10 MHz AT-cut QCMs with different sized electrodes were calculated according to this practical model. The equivalent mass sensitivity of this practical model is different from the Sauerbrey’s mass sensitivity, and the error between them increases sharply as the electrode radius decreases. A series of experiments which plate rigid gold film onto QCMs were carried out and the experimental results proved this practical model is more valid and correct rather than the classical Sauerbrey equation. The practical model based on the equivalent mass sensitivity is convenient and accurate in actual measurements.
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11
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Huang X, Bai Q, Zhou Q, Hu J. The Resistance-Amplitude-Frequency Effect of In-Liquid Quartz Crystal Microbalance. SENSORS 2017. [PMID: 28640210 PMCID: PMC5539828 DOI: 10.3390/s17071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the influence of liquid load, the equivalent resistance of in-liquid quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) increases sharply, and the quality factor and resonant frequency decreases. We found that the change in the resonant frequency of in-liquid QCM consisted of two parts: besides the frequency changes due to the mass and viscous load (which could be equivalent to motional inductance), the second part of frequency change was caused by the increase of motional resistance. The theoretical calculation and simulation proved that the increases of QCM motional resistance may indeed cause the decreases of resonant frequency, and revealed that the existence of static capacitance was the root cause of this frequency change. The second part of frequency change (due to the increases of motional resistance) was difficult to measure accurately, and may cause great error for in-liquid QCM applications. A technical method to reduce the interference caused by this effect is presented. The study contributes to the accurate determination of the frequency and amplitude change of in-liquid QCM caused by liquid load, which is significant for the QCM applications in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Qingsong Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Jianguo Hu
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
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12
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13
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Utilisation of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors with Dissipation (QCM-D) for a Clauss Fibrinogen Assay in Comparison with Common Coagulation Reference Methods. SENSORS 2016; 16:282. [PMID: 26927107 PMCID: PMC4813857 DOI: 10.3390/s16030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The determination of fibrinogen levels is one of the most important coagulation measurements in medicine. It plays a crucial part in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, often associated with time-critical conditions. The commonly used measurement is the Clauss fibrinogen assay (CFA) where plasma is activated by thrombin reagent and which is conducted by mechanical/turbidimetric devices. As quartz crystal microbalance sensors with dissipation (QCM-D) based devices have a small footprint, can be operated easily and allow measurements independently from sample transportation time, laboratory location, availability and opening hours, they offer a great opportunity to complement laboratory CFA measurements. Therefore, the objective of the work was to (1) transfer the CFA to the QCM-D method; (2) develop an easy, time- and cost-effective procedure and (3) compare the results with references. Different sensor coatings (donor’s own plasma; gold surface) and different QCM-D parameters (frequency signal shift; its calculated turning point; dissipation signal shift) were sampled. The results demonstrate the suitability for a QCM-D-based CFA in physiological fibrinogen ranges. Results were obtained in less than 1 min and in very good agreement with a standardized reference (Merlin coagulometer). The results provide a good basis for further investigation and pave the way to a possible application of QCM-D in clinical and non-clinical routine in the medical field.
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14
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. The simultaneous occurrence of both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis in blood and serum during systemic inflammation, and the roles of iron and fibrin(ogen). Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:24-52. [PMID: 25335120 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the two phenomena are usually studied separately, we summarise a considerable body of literature to the effect that a great many diseases involve (or are accompanied by) both an increased tendency for blood to clot (hypercoagulability) and the resistance of the clots so formed (hypofibrinolysis) to the typical, 'healthy' or physiological lysis. We concentrate here on the terminal stages of fibrin formation from fibrinogen, as catalysed by thrombin. Hypercoagulability goes hand in hand with inflammation, and is strongly influenced by the fibrinogen concentration (and vice versa); this can be mediated via interleukin-6. Poorly liganded iron is a significant feature of inflammatory diseases, and hypofibrinolysis may change as a result of changes in the structure and morphology of the clot, which may be mimicked in vitro, and may be caused in vivo, by the presence of unliganded iron interacting with fibrin(ogen) during clot formation. Many of these phenomena are probably caused by electrostatic changes in the iron-fibrinogen system, though hydroxyl radical (OH˙) formation can also contribute under both acute and (more especially) chronic conditions. Many substances are known to affect the nature of fibrin polymerised from fibrinogen, such that this might be seen as a kind of bellwether for human or plasma health. Overall, our analysis demonstrates the commonalities underpinning a variety of pathologies as seen in both hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis, and offers opportunities for both diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131, Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK.
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15
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Cakmak O, Ermek E, Kilinc N, Bulut S, Baris I, Kavakli IH, Yaralioglu GG, Urey H. A cartridge based sensor array platform for multiple coagulation measurements from plasma. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:113-120. [PMID: 25353144 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00809j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a MEMS-based sensor array enabling multiple clot-time tests for plasma in one disposable microfluidic cartridge. The versatile LoC (Lab-on-Chip) platform technology is demonstrated here for real-time coagulation tests (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT)). The system has a reader unit and a disposable cartridge. The reader has no electrical connections to the cartridge. This enables simple and low-cost cartridge designs and avoids reliability problems associated with electrical connections. The cartridge consists of microfluidic channels and MEMS microcantilevers placed in each channel. The microcantilevers are made of electroplated nickel. They are actuated remotely using an external electro-coil and the read-out is also conducted remotely using a laser. The phase difference between the cantilever oscillation and the coil drive is monitored in real time. During coagulation, the viscosity of the blood plasma increases resulting in a change in the phase read-out. The proposed assay was tested on human and control plasma samples for PT and aPTT measurements. PT and aPTT measurements from control plasma samples are comparable with the manufacturer's datasheet and the commercial reference device. The measurement system has an overall 7.28% and 6.33% CV for PT and aPTT, respectively. For further implementation, the microfluidic channels of the cartridge were functionalized for PT and aPTT tests by drying specific reagents in each channel. Since simultaneous PT and aPTT measurements are needed in order to properly evaluate the coagulation system, one of the most prominent features of the proposed assay is enabling parallel measurement of different coagulation parameters. Additionally, the design of the cartridge and the read-out system as well as the obtained reproducible results with 10 μl of the plasma samples suggest an opportunity for a possible point-of-care application.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cakmak
- Koç University, Mechanical Engineering, Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hussain M, Northoff H, Gehring FK. QCM-D providing new horizon in the domain of sensitivity range and information for haemostasis of human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 66:579-84. [PMID: 25530537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of the haemostasis status is significant for proper therapeutic directions and decisions in surgery and innate coagulation disorders. In this regard, to gain a general overview of the plasmatic coagulation, prothrombin time (PT) tests are frequently combined with tests for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). For aPTT we report for the first time that a QCM-D (Quartz Crystal Microbalances with Dissipation) based technique offers a better alternative to the standard coagulometer method in the perspective of range and information. We used heparin as anticoagulant to generate different coagulation times for human plasma. QCM-D astonishingly proved to be more sensitive and reliable than the standard coagulometer for aPTT range of upper limits of coagulation times. The established platform can monitor the fibrinogen concentration ranging from 1-6g/L (yielding R(2)=0.98 in calibration curves) along with aPTT from frequency and dissipation shifts together in a single set of measurements. Additionally the sensor layers have been tested for reusability, demonstrating no loss in sensor characteristics up to ten times measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Hussain
- Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine and Centre of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (ZKT), Tuebingen University and German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service BW/H, Germany.
| | - Hinnak Northoff
- Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine and Centre of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (ZKT), Tuebingen University and German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service BW/H, Germany
| | - Frank K Gehring
- Biosensor Research Group, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine and Centre of Clinical Transfusion Medicine (ZKT), Tuebingen University and German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service BW/H, Germany.
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Kim BC, Yamamoto T, Kim YH. In-line measurement of water content in ethanol using a PVA-coated quartz crystal microbalance. SENSORS 2014; 14:1564-75. [PMID: 24441770 PMCID: PMC3926626 DOI: 10.3390/s140101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An in-line device for measuring the water content in ethanol was developed using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-coated quartz crystal microbalance. Bio-ethanol is widely used as the replacement of gasoline, and its water content is a key component of its specifications. When the PVA-coated quartz crystal microbalance is contacted with ethanol containing a small amount of water, the water is absorbed into the PVA increasing the load on the microbalance surface to cause a frequency drop. The determination performance of the PVA-coated microbalance is examined by measuring the frequency decreases in ethanol containing 2% to 10% water while the ethanol flows through the measurement device. The measurements indicates that the higher water content is the more the frequency reduction is, though some deviation in the measurements is observed. This indicates that the frequency measurement of an unknown concentration of water in ethanol can be used to determine the water content in ethanol. The PVA coating is examined by microscopy and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Chul Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Takuji Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Young Han Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Pusan 604-714, Korea.
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